Abstract：
:Interleukin-4 (IL-4) has previously been implicated in a protective response to Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection. Consequently, the specific role of IL-4 during S. aureus corneal infection was investigated using IL-4 gene knockout mice. The eyes of IL-4-/- mice and wild-type mice were challenged topically with S. aureus and examined at 24 h post-infection. Keratitis was examined clinically and histologically. Bacterial and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) numbers were enumerated and cytokine and chemokine levels determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Exogenous IL-4 was administered to both IL-4-/- and wild-type mice and clinical parameters were determined. A lack of IL-4 resulted in a significant increase in clinical scores, pathology, bacterial load and neutrophil numbers. The absence of IL-4 also resulted in an upregulation of interferon (IFN)-gamma and a downregulation of IL-6, IL-10 and the chemokines KC and macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Administration of exogenous IL-4 to IL-4-/- mice was protective but time-dependent. This study highlights the protective role of IL-4 during S. aureus infection and emphasizes the balance between IL-4 and IFN-gamma in achieving bacterial control and maintaining the integrity of the cornea. This information may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies potentially improving the prognosis for infection of this unique avascular site.
journal_name
Immunol Cell Bioljournal_title
Immunology and cell biologyauthors
Cole N,Hume EB,Khan S,Garthwaite L,Schubert T,Reeve V,Willcox MDdoi
10.1038/sj.icb.7100043subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-06-01 00:00:00pages
333-7issue
4eissn
0818-9641issn
1440-1711pii
7100043journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:There is a need for non-living adjuvant vectors that will allow a full range of local and systemic immune responses to orally administered purified antigens. Here we describe our experience with lipophilic immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) containing the saponin adjuvant Quil A. When given orally, ISCOMs containin...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1711.1998.00749.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic fusion of tandem repeats of the complement molecule C3d has been shown to considerably enhance immune responses to genetic vaccines. We have investigated the applicability of this approach to augment humoral immune responses toward vaccines delivered by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. C3d(3)-...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2009.92
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding how inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) regulate apoptosis and necroptosis has been fast-forwarded by the use of Smac mimetics (SMs) to deplete or inhibit the IAPs, specifically cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP. The loss or inhibition of cIAP1, cIAP2 and XIAP causes the majority of cells to be sensitized to deat...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2016.118
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arginase-1 (Arg-1)-expressing M2-like macrophages are associated with Th2-skewed immune responses, allergic airway pathology, ectopic B16 melanoma cancer growth in murine models, and can be induced by Oncostatin M (OSM) transient overexpression in vivo. Here, we compare OSM to the gp130-cytokine IL-6 in mediating macr...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/imcb.1035
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using 'knockin' mice to track and ablate dendritic cells (DCs) expressing notably the langerin (Cd207) gene, it has been possible to identify five DC subsets within the skin and to assess whether functional specialization exists among them. The present review summarizes recent information concerning the phenotype and ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2010.34
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate the innate and adaptive immune systems to induce tolerance and immunity. DC plasticity and subsets are prominent determinants in the regulation of immune responses. Our recent studies suggest that humoral and cellular immunity is regulated by different myeloid DC subsets with distinct...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2010.28
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, tau pathology and neuroinflammation. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the role of neuroinflammation in directly contributing to the progression of AD. Studies in mice and humans have identified a role for microglial cells, th...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/imcb.12301
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a chronic infection such as tuberculosis, the pool of tissue dendritic cells (DC) must be renewed by recruitment of both circulating DC progenitors and monocytes (Mo). However, the microenvironment of the inflammatory site affects Mo differentiation. As DC are critical for initiating a Mycobacterium tuberculosi...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2010.22
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms involved in the inhibition of growth of a human B lymphoma cell line, B104, by anti-MHC class II antibodies (Ab) were compared with those in anti-IgM Ab-induced B104 growth inhibition. Two anti-MHC class II Ab, L227 and 2.06, inhibited the growth of B104 cells, although 2.06, but not L227, needed to be ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1994.31
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to accurately quantitate and experimentally examine epigenetic modifications across the human genome has exploded in the past decade. This has given rise to a wealth of new information concerning the contributions of epigenetic regulatory networks to the pathogenesis of human disease. In particular, immuno...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.2014.105
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain/beta(2)m heterodimers assemble with antigenic peptides through interactions with peptide-loading complex proteins, including tapasin and ERp57. In human cells, a cysteine residue within tapasin (C95) has been shown to form a covalent bond with ERp57. In this s...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2009.59
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PVG rats are resistant to actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and this appears to be directly related to high and sustained systemic levels of reactive nitrogen intermediates(RNI) following sensitization for EAE when compared to the highly susceptible Lewis rat. An apparent cellular basis ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1711.2002.01072.x
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-9-producing CD4(+) T cells are a novel subset of T helper (Th) cells that develops independently of the Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T-cell lineages. Similar to the murine model, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and IL-4 directed human naive CD4(+) T cells to produce IL-9. Whereas IL-4 suppresse...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2010.53
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccination has been important in controlling a wide variety of viral and bacterial infections of man and animals. Vaccines to herpesvirus infection of cattle are no exception. The present review describes the different types of conventional vaccines that have been used to date and furthermore describes the novel appr...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.1993.47
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD45 (lymphocyte common antigen) is a receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase that is expressed on all leucocytes, and which plays a crucial role in the function of these cells. On T cells the extracellular domain of CD45 is expressed in several different isoforms, and the particular isoform(s) expressed depends ...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.1997.68
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central pathogenic feature of AIDS is the dramatic loss of CD4+ lymphocytes. Despite more than a decade of intense research, the exact mechanism by which HIV causes this is still not understood. A major model for T cell depletion, proposed originally by Ameison and Capron in a report published in 1991, is that HIV...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1711.1999.00798.x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our earlier studies have demonstrated that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists suppress immune system function in female mice. No systematic studies regarding the effect of gender on immune system function following GnRH agonist treatment, however, have been reported. This study, therefore, investigated seq...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1996.18
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lethal giant larvae-1 (Lgl-1) is an evolutionary conserved protein that regulates cell polarity in diverse lineages; however, the role of Lgl-1 in the polarity and function of immune cells remains to be elucidated. To assess the role of Lgl-1 in T cells, we generated chimeric mice with a hematopoietic system deficient...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2015.82
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cellular effects of biodiesel emissions particulate matter (BDEP) and petroleum diesel emissions particulate matter (PDEP) were compared using a human airway cell line, A549. At concentrations of 25 microg/ml, diesel particulate matter induced the formation of multinucleate cells. In cells treated with a mixture o...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.icb.7100109
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the potential for extensive diversity of gamma delta TCR, especially for delta-chains, expression of the gamma delta TCR repertoire in various mouse epithelial tissues is highly restricted. This implies that the recognition of antigen by gamma delta T cells may also be limited. To date, however, few studies ha...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1996.56
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of the genes that make up rearranged immunoglobulin genes is critical to many studies. For example, the enumeration of mutations in immunoglobulin genes is important for the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and this requires the accurate identification of the germline genes from which a pa...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.icb.7100144
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A general criterion is formulated to decide if the recycling of B cells exists in germinal centre (GC) reactions. The criterion is independent of the selection and affinity maturation process and based solely on total centroblast population arguments. An experimental test is proposed to verify whether the criterion is...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1711.2002.01052.x
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Somatostatin inhibits in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses from a variety of species including human, mouse and rat. The immunoinhibitory effects of somatostatin are thought to involve binding to specific cell surface somatostatin receptors on immunocompetent cells. This report describes an in vivo immunoinhibi...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1993.13
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cell proliferative responses to rye and Bermuda grass pollen allergens have been studied in a series of 51 atopic and 18 non-atopic subjects. Mean T cell responses were higher in the atopic group than in the non-atopic group (P < 0.001), and there was a strong correlation between the magnitude of reaction in the T c...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.1995.3
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Almost all vaccinations today are delivered through parenteral routes. Mucosal vaccination offers several benefits over parenteral routes of vaccination, including ease of administration, the possibility of self-administration, elimination of the chance of injection with infected needles, and induction of mucosal as w...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1711.2004.01288.x
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are estimated to be 350 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B infection worldwide. Patients with chronic hepatitis B are at risk of liver cirrhosis with associated mortality because of hepatocellular carcinoma and other complications. An important goal, therefore, is the development of an effective therapeutic...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.0818-9641.2004.01278.x
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A hypothesis if formulated for the mode of action of the 'atopy gene': the gene(s) causing an increased tendency to mount an IgE immune response to trivial environmental antigens. It is postulated that some antigens are not efficiently transported to the lymphoid organs, the location of the 'eutopic' immune system; mi...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/icb.1996.28
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycoplasma infection may lead to various pathologies in a broad range of hosts. It has been shown that Mycoplasma may trigger cell death in cell cultures; however, the mechanism remains unknown. In the present paper we show that Mycoplasma infection of different lymphocyte and epithelial tumour cell lines leads to the...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1440-1711.1998.00781.x
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhaled allergens are known for their immediate and ongoing effects in the respiratory tract (RT). In this report, we track inhaled antigen in normal mice for 7 days and find that while it is cleared from the airways, inhaled antigen persists in peripheral lung tissue and the draining lymph nodes (DLNs). The persisten...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/icb.2010.18
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergic asthma is responsible for widespread morbidity and mortality and its incidence has increased dramatically in industrialized countries over the past two decades. Here, we describe a new murine model of allergic asthma utilizing a novel allergen with intrinsic enzymatic activity similar to that reported for man...
journal_title：Immunology and cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1440-1711.2004.01303.x
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
