Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To examine infant feeding intentions of HIV-infected and uninfected women and the appropriateness of their choices according to their home resources; and to determine their adherence to their intentions in the first postnatal week. METHODS:Feeding intentions of pregnant women were compared against four resources that facilitate replacement feeding: clean water, adequate fuel, access to a refrigerator and regular maternal income. First-week feeding practices were documented. FINDINGS:The antenatal feeding intentions of 1253 HIV-infected women were: exclusive breastfeeding 73%; replacement feeding 9%; undecided 18%. Three percent had access to all four resources, of whom 23% chose replacement feeding. Of those choosing replacement feeding, 8% had access to all four resources. A clean water supply and regular maternal income were independently associated with intention to replacement feed (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.2; AOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2-3.5, respectively). Significantly more HIV-infected women intending to exclusively breastfeed, rather than replacement feed, adhered to their intention in week one (exclusive breastfeeding 78%; replacement feeding 42%; P<0.001). Of 1238 HIV-uninfected women, 82% intended to exclusively breastfeed; 2% to replacement feed; and 16% were undecided. Seventy-five percent who intended to exclusively breastfeed adhered to this intention postnatally, and only 11 infants (<1%) received no breast milk. The number of antenatal home visits significantly influenced adherence to feeding intention. CONCLUSION:Most HIV-infected women did not have the resources for safe replacement feeding, instead choosing appropriately to exclusively breastfeed. Adherence to feeding intention among HIV-infected women was higher in those who chose to exclusively breastfeed than to replacement feed. With appropriate counselling and support, spillover of suboptimal feeding practices to HIV-negative women is minimal.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Bland RM,Rollins NC,Coovadia HM,Coutsoudis A,Newell MLdoi
10.2471/blt.06.032441subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-01 00:00:00pages
289-96issue
4eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604pii
S0042-96862007000400014journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In a continuing search for more effective molluscicides, tests were carried out in the Egypt-49 area on Molucid and WL 8008. Molucid, a 35% w/v solution of isobutyltriphenyl-methylamine (ICI 24223), was applied at 2 ppm for 6 hours; after the treatment, no live Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina or Lymnaea ca...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:E-health encompasses a diverse set of informatics tools that have been designed to improve public health and health care. Little information is available on the impacts of e-health programmes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore conducted a scoping review of the published and non-published l...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.11.099069
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The third study in a series on the prevalence of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in Africa is devoted to the investigation of the formamidase activity of 288 cultures of mycobacteria, already typed by a battery of standard tests as pathogenic or atypical (184 strains) and saprophytic (104 strains). Of the latter, 96 (92...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of flea control on the prevalence of (Pasteurella) pestis antibody rates in the California vole, Microtus californicus, were studied in San Mateo County, California, USA. In this area, which had shown antibody prevalence rates of 50% or more during epizootics in previous years, continuous flea control meas...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess government actions to improve the healthiness of food environments in New Zealand, based on the healthy food environment policy index. METHODS:A panel of 52 public health experts rated the extent of government implementation against international best practice for 42 indicators of food environment ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.14.145540
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To improve the use and dosage of antibiotics prescribed at Commune Health Stations in Viet Nam, and in so doing find out whether antibiotic dosage can be easily and reliably measured as a drug-use indicator. METHODS:All commune health workers from the 217 commune health stations in Hai Phong Province, Viet N...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For 164 days mature chickens received a daily diet containing 40 g of wheat treated with organomercurial fungicide and 80 g of untreated diet. A control group received 120 g of normal diet daily. The experimental group was then split - half receiving the same diet for a further 155 days, by which time all had been kil...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PROBLEM:In 2010, dengue virus (DENV) serotype-4 was detected during a dengue outbreak in the Amazonian city of Boa Vista. At that time Brazil was already endemic for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. This was the first time DENV-4 was observed in the country after it was initially detected and eliminated in 1981. APPROACH:To...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.119081
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method for the packing of stool samples with preservative in heat-sealed plastic sleeves is described. In several years' use the method has proved rapid and reliable. The materials are lighter and less bulky than rigid containers, and transport of samples is simple and economical. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Manpower projections for oral health are generally held to be more accurate than those for other health sectors since the diseases involved and their treatment times can be predicted more precisely. Nevertheless most oral health manpower projections are either overestimates or are not in line with the resources of ind...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The precautions to be taken and the procedures to be followed when giving intramuscular injections are well known, but they are not always satisfactorily observed under conditions such as those met with in mass treatment campaigns against the treponematoses, nor is the importance of employing uniform techniques always...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1958-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On the basis of geoclimatic characteristics, the Saharan region of Algeria (area, 2 million km2) is made up of several subregions; analysis of the historical data on malaria in this region seems to show that the epidemiological situation is closely linked to climatic and hydrographic conditions. A longitudinal sero-ep...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reaction that occurs on direct radioelectrocomplexing (REC) between hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab) and (125)I-labelled HB Ag can be inhibited by unlabelled HB Ag. Inhibition of REC provides a rapid, sensitive method for the detection of HB Ag. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are now the commonest group of notifiable infectious diseases in most countries, particularly in the age group of 15 to 50 years and in infants. Their control is important considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, their socioeconomic impact, and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With a view to developing a schedule for the ambulatory treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infection with sodium antimony dimercaptosuccinate (TWSb), a trial was conducted in Tanzania of the comparative effectiveness of daily and weekly injections of TWSb in schoolchildren. In-patients received five daily injections...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present, larvicidal attack is the only feasible measure for the control of Culex pipiens fatigans. However, in the cities of the tropics, which are the principal sites of the filariasis problem, this has usually been a losing battle. The proper method of larval control is to eliminate the breeding sites; instead th...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombinant proteins directed against the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium vivax were tested for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. The monkeys were immunized 3 times with either alum or muramyl tripeptide as adjuvant, and were challenged with 10,000 sporozoites (P...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1979, in view of the widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in the island of Hainan, China, it use as an antimalarial was suspended throughout the island. A longitudinal survey of the chloroquine-sensitivity of P. falciparum was carried out over the period 1981-91 to investigate whether its r...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serological identification of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood is the most widely used method to diagnose HIV infection. Recently, however, the use of oral fluid samples for the detection of antibodies to HIV has been suggested as an alternative. This review describes some basic informatio...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The One Health concept covers the interrelationship between human, animal and environmental health and requires multistakeholder collaboration across many cultural, disciplinary, institutional and sectoral boundaries. Yet, the implementation of the One Health approach appears hampered by shortcomings in the global fra...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.17.202705
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ParaSight(R)-F test is a qualitative diagnostic test of Plasmodium falciparum, which is based on the detection by a monoclonal antibody of a species-specific soluble antigen (histidine-rich protein (HRP-II)) in whole blood and which can be performed without special equipment. A visual reading is given by a polyclo...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The unacceptably high mortality related to acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children, recognition of the importance of bacteria in the causation of severe acute lower respiratory infection in developing countries, and the established effectiveness of antimicrobial and supportive treatment in averting death make a...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Division of Brucella strains into three species has long been based on differences in growth characteristics on certain dye-agar media and on variations in H(2)S production on liver agar slants. But certain workers believe these differences to be merely quantitative, such as are found between varieties of one species....
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A follow-up study of coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out among adults in Delhi 3 years after an initial community-based epidemiological survey of the same population. A total of 575 of the 814 cases of CHD detected clinically and by electrocardiogram (ECG) in the initial survey took part. On re-examination of...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess maternal and neonatal health services in 49 developing countries. METHODS:The services were rated on a scale of 0 to 100 by 10 - 25 experts in each country. The ratings covered emergency and routine services, including family planning, at health centres and district hospitals, access to these servi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histochemical staining methods for acid phosphatase were used to study the differences among microfilariae of various West African strains of Onchocerca volvulus in both forest and Sudan-savanna onchocerciasis zones. The results have shown statistically significant differences in the staining patterns of microfilarial...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uruguay is hosting the WHO Global Conference on Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) this month, from 18-20 October. Tabaré Vázquez, the President of Uruguay, tells the Bulletin of the World Health Organization about his country's efforts to prevent and fight NCDs and why countries should step up the global response. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.17.031017
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the first attempt at vaccination more than 200 years ago, debate has been ongoing about the relative benefits and risks. However, debate was overshadowed by the threat of crippling illness and death. Over the years, vaccination programs succeeded in its goals: eradication of smallpox, near eradication of polio,...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In China, alcohol consumption is increasing faster than anywhere else in the world. A steady increase in alcohol production has also been observed in the country, together with a rise in alcohol-related harm. Despite these trends, China's policies on the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages are weak compared wi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.12.107318
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This literature review indicates that menstrual regulation during the fifth to seventh week of pregnancy is not always as free from risk as has sometimes been claimed. In particular, it has a higher failure rate, in terms of continued pregnancy, than has abortion by suction in later stages of pregnancy.Vacuum aspirati...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
