Abstract：
:The unacceptably high mortality related to acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children, recognition of the importance of bacteria in the causation of severe acute lower respiratory infection in developing countries, and the established effectiveness of antimicrobial and supportive treatment in averting death make a strong case for the initiation of an ARI control programme. This should be spearheaded by prototype ARI service activities, delivered through primary health care and backed up by well-coordinated health systems research.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-01-01 00:00:00pages
47-58issue
1eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The author reviews the agricultural use of night-soil, sewage, and sewage sludge from two points of view: the purely agricultural and the sanitary.Knowledge of the chemistry and bacteriology of human faecal matter is still rather scant, and much further work has to be done to find practical ways of digesting night-soi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1954-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A trial was carried out of the efficacy of fenitrothion ultra-low-volume aerosol applied by vehicle-mounted cold aerosol generator for the control of Aedes aegypti. Five applications of fenitrothion at intervals of 11-49 days at dosages of 511-1 095 ml/ha gave sustained control for 4-5 months in an area of some 14 ha ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coordinated global efforts to prevent and control malaria have been a tour-de-force for public health, but success appears to have reached a plateau in many parts of the world. While this is a multifaceted problem, policy strategies have largely ignored genetic variations in humans as a factor that influences both sel...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.11.087320
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the leading causes of fatal injury for urban South African children aged 0-14 years, the distribution of those causes and the current potential for safety improvements. METHODS:We obtained injury surveillance data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System 2001-2003 for six major Sou...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.09.068486
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Rubella vaccine is not included in the immunization schedule in Myanmar. Although surveillance for outbreaks of measles and rubella is conducted nationwide, there is no routine surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Therefore, we organized a study to assess the burden of CRS. METHODS:From 1 Dece...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.05.022814
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Risk communication guidelines widely used in public health are based on the psychometric paradigm of risk, which focuses on risk perception at the level of individuals. However, infectious disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies are more than public health events and occur in a highly charged political, ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.08.058149
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The insecticide propoxur was applied as 2 non-overlapping bands approximately 1 m wide to the interior of houses in El Salvador once every 35 days for a period of 9 months. Air samples were collected from the interior of the houses once every seventh day during the entire period. In the study area, air temperatures re...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Of 10 000 compounds tested for tissue schizontocidal activity in a Plasmodium gallinaceum-chick model, 157 were also tested in a definitive mouse test (DMT) and 277 in a rhesus monkey test (RMT). The results in the avian model were 78% and 55% in agreement with those of the DMT and RMT, respectively. This result is no...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article provides a framework for the design of future eradication programmes so that the greatest benefit accrues to health systems development from the implementation of such programmes. The framework focuses on weak and fragile health systems and assumes that eradication leads to the cessation of the interventi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Delivery by a skilled birth attendant (SBA) serves as an indicator of progress towards reducing maternal mortality worldwide -- the fifth Millennium Development Goal. Though WHO tracks the proportion of women delivered by SBAs, we know little about their competence to manage common life-threatening obstetric ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.06.038455
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To quantify long-term health service use (HSU) following non-fatal injury in adults. METHODS:A retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study identified an inception cohort (1988-91) of injured people who had been hospitalized (ICD-9-CM 800-995) aged 18-64 years (n = 21 032) and a matched non-injured ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.06.030833
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perinatal, fetal and early neonatal mortality rates were determined in a population of 7392 babies born in hospitals in Pelotas (total population, 260 000) during 1982. These babies represented over 99% of all births in the city in that year. The perinatal mortality rate for singletons was 31.9 per 1000 total births, ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To estimate population-wide hepatitis B and C seroprevalence using dried blood spot samples acquired for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance as part of the 2010-2011 Demographic and Health Survey in Burkina Faso. Methods:We used the database acquired during the multistage, clustered, population-b...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.208603
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnitude and duration of dengue viraemia were studied in 153 patients with naturally acquired dengue infection in Jakarta, Indonesia. The duration of viraemia ranged from 2 to 12 days, but most patients had detectable circulating virus for 4-5 days. Accurate measurement of peak virus titres was not possible for m...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) into antenatal care (ANC) and maternal and child health (MCH) clinics could improve programmatic and patient outcomes. METHODS:The authors systematically searched PubMed, Embase, African Index Medicus and LiLACS for randomized controlled trials, p...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.12.107003
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute toxicity of most of the commonly used organophosphorus insecticides is essentially the same. A few compounds with low toxicity, such as malathion, have been developed but further efforts in that direction are needed. Most of the organophosphorus insecticides exert a generalized cholinergic action by inhibiti...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate physical activity during leisure time and commuting among persons aged 15-69 years in the urban population of Tianjin, China, and to assess its associations with demographic and health-related characteristics. METHODS:In 1996 a cross-sectional survey of 2002 males and 1974 females provided inf...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review of published findings on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and risk factors among female sex workers, we summarize the results of seroprevalence studies in different countries and discuss the different patterns of transmission among such workers in various geographical regions. The highest ra...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the development of insecticide-resistance and the consequent partial failure of the chemical approach to the control of disease vectors, interest in the biological approach has re-awakened. An aspect of the latter approach that is of great current interest is "autocidal control"-that is, the use of insects for t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1963-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A serological trial of a formolized monovalent Asian influenza vaccine of conventional type, using a range of falling vaccine dilutions, showed a satisfactory antihaemagglutinin response in groups of volunteers vaccinated with relatively low numbers of haemagglutinating units (HU) of the vaccine.Booster injections, gi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of lectures on the tubercle bacillus by eminent authorities from various countries was organized at the Institut d'Hygiène et de Bactériologie of the University of Lausanne by Professor Paul Hauduroy, from 22 to 25 April 1949. Through the kindness of Professor Hauduroy it has been possible for the World Healt...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1949-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between the period elapsed since weaning and the risk of shigellosis was assessed between 1 November 1987 and 30 November 1989 for a cohort of 1085 Bangladeshi children aged < 3 years. The children were followed for 1 month after exposure to Shigella spp. in their residential neighbourhoods, and the 26...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five strains of poliomyelitis virus isolated from paralytic cases in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany were classified either by testing resistance of immunized monkeys, or by neutralization. Seventeen strains (68%) were classified as type 1, 7 (28%) as type 2, and 1 (4%) as type 3. Strains of type 2 are pr...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A double-blind, randomized phase I clinical trial was carried out to compare mefloquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for safety and tolerance. Twenty adult male Brazilian subjects from areas endemic for malaria were studied for a period of 66 days, which included 2 days of basal studies and a 63-day follow-up after ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess government actions to improve the healthiness of food environments in New Zealand, based on the healthy food environment policy index. METHODS:A panel of 52 public health experts rated the extent of government implementation against international best practice for 42 indicators of food environment ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.14.145540
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes the research conducted by a WHO collaborative study group for the development of a questionnaire method for the assessment of quality in child-care settings. The results of an inter-rater reliability study undertaken in Greece and Nigeria suggest that the Child Care Facility Schedule (CCFS), compo...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subjects with sickle cell trait have been known to offer resistance to induced Plasmodium falciparum infection. The resistance to malarial infection in other haemoglobinopathic disorders is not clearly known. Investigations were undertaken to test for resistance to malaria in Hb E thalassaemia disease. Compared to con...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To estimate the use of hospitals for four essential primary care services offered in health centres in low- and middle-income countries and to explore differences in quality between hospitals and health centres. Methods:We extracted data from all demographic and health surveys conducted since 2010 on the typ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.245563
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pacific islanders face up to the dire health effects of global warming. Atasa Moceituba and Monique Tsang report. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.15.021115
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although none of the currently available methods of contraception can be considered ideal for use by adolescents, many come reasonably close. The present article reviews the relative benefits and risks associated with each method. Oral contraceptives (OCs) appear to bear few specific risks for adolescents. Pills co...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
