Hospital-provision of essential primary care in 56 countries: determinants and quality.

Abstract:

Objective:To estimate the use of hospitals for four essential primary care services offered in health centres in low- and middle-income countries and to explore differences in quality between hospitals and health centres. Methods:We extracted data from all demographic and health surveys conducted since 2010 on the type of facilities used for obtaining contraceptives, routine antenatal care and care for minor childhood diarrhoea and cough or fever. Using mixed-effects logistic regression models we assessed associations between hospital use and individual and country-level covariates. We assessed competence of care based on the receipt of essential clinical actions during visits. We also analysed three indicators of user experience from countries with available service provision assessment survey data. Findings:On average across 56 countries, public hospitals were used as the sole source of care by 16.9% of 126 012 women who obtained contraceptives, 23.1% of 418 236 women who received routine antenatal care, 19.9% of 47 677 children with diarrhoea and 18.5% of 82 082 children with fever or cough. Hospital use was more common in richer countries with higher expenditures on health per capita and among urban residents and wealthier, better-educated women. Antenatal care quality was higher in hospitals in 44 countries. In a subset of eight countries, people using hospitals tended to spend more, report more problems and be somewhat less satisfied with the care received. Conclusion:As countries work towards achieving ambitious health goals, they will need to assess care quality and user preferences to deliver effective primary care services that people want to use. Objectif:Évaluer l'utilisation des hôpitaux pour quatre services de soins de santé primaires essentiels dans plusieurs centres de santé communautaires situés dans des pays à faible et moyen revenu, et examiner les différences de qualité entre hôpitaux et centres de santé communautaires. Méthodes:Nous avons prélevé des données provenant de toutes les enquêtes démographiques et sanitaires menées depuis 2010 sur le type d'établissement fréquenté pour obtenir des moyens contraceptifs, des soins prénatals de routine ainsi qu'une prise en charge de la diarrhée d'importance mineure, la toux ou la fièvre chez l'enfant. Nous avons employé des modèles de régression logistique à effets mixtes pour examiner les associations entre le recours aux hôpitaux d'une part, et les covariables individuelles et nationales d'autre part. Nous avons mesuré le niveau de compétence des soins en nous fondant sur la réalisation d'actes cliniques essentiels lors des visites. Nous avons également analysé trois indicateurs d'expérience en tant que patient dans les pays où nous avons pu accéder aux résultats d'enquêtes d'évaluation des prestations de service. Résultats:Selon la moyenne établie sur 56 pays, les hôpitaux publics constituaient l'unique source de soins pour 16,9% des 126 012 femmes qui se sont procuré des contraceptifs, 23,1% des 418 236 femmes qui ont reçu des soins prénatals de routine, 19,9% des 47 677 enfants atteints de diarrhée et 18,5% des 82 082 enfants souffrant de fièvre ou de toux. Le recours aux hôpitaux était plus fréquent dans les pays plus riches où les dépenses en soins de santé par habitant étaient plus élevées, mais aussi parmi les citadines et les femmes plus aisées et mieux instruites. La qualité des soins prénatals était meilleure dans les hôpitaux de 44 pays. Dans un sous-groupe de huit pays, les gens qui se rendaient dans les hôpitaux avaient tendance à dépenser davantage, à signaler plus de problèmes et à se montrer moins satisfaits vis-à-vis des soins prodigués. Conclusion:À mesure que les pays s'efforceront d'atteindre des objectifs sanitaires ambitieux, ils devront évaluer la qualité des soins et les préférences des patients afin de proposer des services de soins de santé primaires efficaces auxquels les gens voudront faire appel. Objetivo:Estimar el uso de los hospitales para cuatro servicios esenciales de atención primaria que se ofrecen en los centros de salud de los países de ingresos bajos y medios, así como estudiar las diferencias de calidad entre los hospitales y los centros de salud. Métodos:Se obtuvieron los datos de todas las encuestas demográficas y de salud realizadas desde 2010 sobre el tipo de instalaciones que se usan para obtener anticonceptivos, atención prenatal de rutina y atención de la diarrea infantil leve y la tos o la fiebre. Se evaluaron las asociaciones entre el uso de los hospitales y las covariables a nivel individual y nacional mediante la aplicación de modelos de regresión logística de efectos mixtos. También se evaluó la competencia de la atención basada en la recepción de medidas clínicas esenciales durante las consultas. Asimismo, se analizaron tres indicadores de la experiencia de los usuarios de los países que disponían de datos de encuestas de evaluación de la prestación de servicios. Resultados:En un promedio de 56 países, los hospitales públicos fueron usados como la única fuente de atención por el 16,9 % de 126 012 mujeres que adquirieron anticonceptivos, el 23,1 % de 418 236 mujeres que recibieron atención prenatal de rutina, el 19,9 % de 47 677 niños con diarrea y el 18,5 % de 82 082 niños con fiebre o tos. El uso de los hospitales fue más común en los países más ricos con mayores gastos en salud per cápita y entre los residentes de las zonas urbanas y las mujeres más acaudaladas y mejor educadas. La calidad de la atención prenatal fue superior en los hospitales de 44 países. En un subconjunto de ocho países, las personas que acudieron a los hospitales tendían a gastar más, a reportar más quejas y a estar algo menos satisfechas con la atención recibida. Conclusión:A medida que los países se esfuerzan por alcanzar objetivos sanitarios ambiciosos, tendrán que evaluar la calidad de la atención y las preferencias de los usuarios para prestar los servicios de atención primaria efectivos que las personas pretenden usar. :الغرض تقدير الاعتماد على المستشفيات في خدمات الرعاية الأولية الأساسية التي تقدمها المراكز الصحية البلدان ذات الدخل المنخفض والمتوسط، واستكشاف الفروق في الجودة بين المستشفيات والمراكز الصحية. الطريقة استخرجنا البيانات من جميع المسوح السكانية والصحية التي أجريت منذ عام 2010 حول نوع المرافق المستخدمة للحصول على وسائل منع الحمل، والرعاية الروتينية السابقة للولادة، ورعاية حالات الإسهال والسعال أو الحمى الطفيفة لدى الأطفال. وباستخدام نماذج التحوف اللوجيستي ذات التأثيرات المختلطة، قمنا بتقييم الارتباطات بين الاعتماد على المستشفى، والمتغيرات المشتركة على المستوى الفردي ومستوى البلد. قمنا بتقييم كفاءة الرعاية بناءً على فرص الحصول على الإجراءات السريرية الأساسية أثناء الزيارات. قمنا أيضًا بتحليل ثلاثة مؤشرات لتجربة المستخدم من البلدان التي يتوفر فيها بيانات مسح تقييم تقديم الخدمة. النتائج في المتوسط ​​عبر 56 بلدًا، تم الاعتماد على المستشفيات العامة كمصدر وحيد للرعاية بواسطة 16.9% من 126012 امرأة حصلن على وسائل منع الحمل، و23.1% من 418236 امرأة حصلن على الرعاية الروتينية السابقة للولادة، و19.9% من 47677 طفلاً يعانون من الإسهال، و18.5% من 82082 طفلاً يعانون من الحمى أو السعال. كان الاعتماد على المستشفى أكثر شيوعًا في البلدان الأغنى مع ارتفاع نفقات الصحة للفرد، وبين سكان الحضر، والنساء الأكثر ثراءً والأفضل تعليمًا. كانت جودة الرعاية السابقة للولادة أعلى في المستشفيات في 44 بلدًا. في مجموعة فرعية من ثمانية بلدان، كان الأشخاص الذين يعتمدون على المستشفيات يميلون إلى إنفاق أكثر، والإبلاغ عن المزيد من المشكلات، ويكونون أقل رضا إلى حد ما عن الرعاية التي حصلوا عليها. الاستنتاج بينما تعمل البلدان تجاه تحقيق أهداف صحية طموحة، فإنها سوف تحتاج إلى تقييم جودة الرعاية وتفضيلات المستخدم لتقديم خدمات رعاية أولية فعالة، يرغب الناس في الاعتماد عليها. 目标:评估在中低收入国家使用医院来获取卫生中心提供的四类基本的初级护理服务的情况,并探讨医院和卫生中心之间的质量差异。. 方法:我们从 2020 年以来开展的所有人口统计和健康调查中提取出相关数据,这些调查涉及用于避孕、常规产前护理以及儿童轻微腹泻咳嗽或发烧护理的设施类型。利用混合效应逻辑回归模型,我们评估了医院使用与个人和国家层面协变量之间的相关性。我们根据就诊期间基本临床行动的接收情况来评估其护理能力。我们还分析了拥有现成的服务提供评估调查数据的国家的三个用户体验指标。. 结果:56 个国家平均而言,126012 名获取过避孕药具的女性中,仅选择公立医院的女性占 16.9%;418236 名接受常规产前护理的女性中,占比达 23.1%;47677 名腹泻儿童中,占比达 19.9%;82082 名发烧或咳嗽儿童中,占比达 18.5%。在人均卫生支出较高的富裕国家、城市居民以及较富裕受过良好教育的女性中,选择医院更为普遍。44 个国家的医院产前护理质量较高。其中八个国家,选择医院的人士往往花费更多,报告的问题更多,对所得到的护理也不太满意。. 结论:随着多国努力实现宏伟的卫生目标,它们将需要评估护理质量和用户偏好,以提供人们希望使用的有效的初级护理服务。. Цель:Оценка использования больниц для оказания четырех основных услуг первичной медико-санитарной помощи, предлагаемых в медицинских центрах в странах с низким и средним уровнем доходов, а также изучение различий в качестве услуг между больницами и медицинскими центрами. Методы:Авторы извлекли данные из всех демографических и медицинских опросов, проведенных с 2010 года, о типах учреждений, используемых для получения противозачаточных средств, плановой дородовой помощи и лечения незначительных случаев детской диареи, кашля или лихорадки. Используя модели логистической регрессии со смешанными эффектами, авторы оценили связи между использованием больниц и ковариатами на индивидуальном и национальном уровнях. Авторы оценили компетентность оказания помощи на основе получения необходимых клинических действий во время обращений. Были также проанализированы три показателя опыта пользователей из стран, по которым имеются данные опроса по оценке оказания услуг. Результаты:В среднем в 56 странах государственные больницы использовались в качестве единственного источника медицинской помощи: 16,9% из 126 012 женщин, получавших противозачаточные средства, 23,1% из 418 236 женщин, получавших плановую дородовую помощь, 19,9% из 47 677 детей с диареей и 18,5% из 82 082 детей с лихорадкой или кашлем. Использование больниц было более распространенным явлением в более богатых странах с более высоким уровнем медицинских расходов на душу населения, а также среди городских жителей и более богатых, более образованных женщин. Качество дородовой помощи было выше в больницах в 44 странах. В подгруппе из восьми стран люди, обращающиеся в больницы, как правило, тратили больше, сообщали о большем количестве проблем и были несколько менее удовлетворены полученной помощью. Вывод:По мере работы стран над достижением амбициозных целей в области здравоохранения им необходимо будет оценивать качество медицинской помощи и предпочтения пользователей, чтобы предоставлять эффективные услуги первичной медико-санитарной помощи, которыми люди хотят пользоваться.

authors

Arsenault C,Kim MK,Aryal A,Faye A,Joseph JP,Kassa M,Degfie TT,Yahya T,Kruk ME

doi

10.2471/BLT.19.245563

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-11-01 00:00:00

pages

735-746D

issue

11

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.19.245563

journal_volume

98

pub_type

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    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify the long-term patterns of drowning mortality in the state of Victoria, Australia, and to describe the historical context in which the decrease occurred. METHODS:We obtained data on drowning deaths and population statistics from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and its predecessors for the peri...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.16.174425

    authors: Staines C,Ozanne-Smith J

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases: the global picture.

    abstract::Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are now the commonest group of notifiable infectious diseases in most countries, particularly in the age group of 15 to 50 years and in infants. Their control is important considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, their socioeconomic impact, and...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: De Schryver A,Meheus A

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Managed care: the US experience.

    abstract::This article provides an overview of managed health care in the USA--what has been achieved and what has not--and some lessons for policy-makers in other parts of the world. Although the backlash by consumers and providers makes the future of managed care in the USA uncertain, the evidence shows that it has had a posi...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Sekhri NK

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • International collaborative study on juvenile hypertension. 1. Study procedures and screening data.

    abstract::The study procedures and the results of blood pressure screening from 8 centres are reported. Data are also presented on age, sex, sexual maturity for girls, height, weight, Quetelet's index, smoking, and use of antihypertensive drugs for 92.1% of the 18 609 children born in 1964 in the 8 districts and surveyed in 197...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Török E,Gyárfás I,Csukás M

    更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00

  • Maternal near-miss surveillance, Namibia.

    abstract:Objective:To analyse and improve the Namibian maternity care system by implementing maternal near-miss surveillance during 1 October 2018 and 31 March 2019, and identifying the challenges and benefits of such data collection. Methods:From the results of an initial feasibility study, we adapted the World Health Organiz...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.20.251371

    authors: Heemelaar S,Josef M,Diener Z,Chipeio M,Stekelenburg J,van den Akker T,Mackenzie S

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • Human resources for health and universal health coverage: fostering equity and effective coverage.

    abstract::Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves distributing resources, especially human resources for health (HRH), to match population needs. This paper explores the policy lessons on HRH from four countries that have achieved sustained improvements in UHC: Brazil, Ghana, Mexico and Thailand. Its purpose is to in...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.13.118729

    authors: Campbell J,Buchan J,Cometto G,David B,Dussault G,Fogstad H,Fronteira I,Lozano R,Nyonator F,Pablos-Méndez A,Quain EE,Starrs A,Tangcharoensathien V

    更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00

  • Laboratory colonization of Toxorhynchites brevipalpis.

    abstract::Toxorhynchites brevipalpis, a predator on larvae of Aedes aegypti and other mosquitos, was successfully colonized in the laboratory. At 25 degrees C, embryonic development was completed within 50 hours of oviposition, while larval and pupal development together took a further 27-41 days. The adult mosquitos mated in c...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Trpis M,Gerberg EJ

    更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00

  • Monkeypox virus: ecology and public health significance.

    abstract::Recent investigations have revealed that monkeypox virus infections occur with a high prevalence in several species of squirrels belonging to the genus Funisciurus, less frequently in squirrels of the genus Heliosciurus, and rarely in forest-dwelling primates. These squirrels commonly inhabit the secondary forests aro...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Khodakevich L,Jezek Z,Messinger D

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • Reining in Angola's yellow fever outbreak.

    abstract::Rosa Moreira tells Andréia Azevedo Soares how Angola reined in its worst yellow fever epidemic in 30 years. ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 新闻

    doi:10.2471/BLT.16.031016

    authors:

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00