Abstract：
:A serological trial of a formolized monovalent Asian influenza vaccine of conventional type, using a range of falling vaccine dilutions, showed a satisfactory antihaemagglutinin response in groups of volunteers vaccinated with relatively low numbers of haemagglutinating units (HU) of the vaccine.Booster injections, given 15-19 days after the primary vaccination, gave a further increase and more persistence of antibody response.In a field protection trial, performed in more than 1000 recruits who received a similar vaccine prepared from another line of the same virus strain, a good degree of protection (57%-78%) was obtained after a single injection of 2000 HU of aqueous vaccine. A lower but still statistically significant degree of protection (29%-45%) obtained with only 400 HU of the vaccine adsorbed on aluminium phosphate. Two injections or 2000 or 400 HU of vaccine (without AlPO(4)), given 9 days apart, protected, respectively, 69%-86% and 45%-51% of the vaccinated. The slightly better protective effect of the two-injection scheme appears to be due to the double amount of vaccine given rather than to a recall reaction.The numerical results of both trials were used for an evaluation of the quantitative relation between the antibody-stimulating and protective effects of influenza vaccines.Some pitfalls in the current method of expressing the potency of influenza vaccines in terms of their haemagglutinin content are discussed.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
HELLER L,KORLOF B,MORNER J,ZETTERBERG Bsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1959-01-01 00:00:00pages
377-400issue
2-3eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This paper examines two innovative educational initiatives for the Ecuadorian public health workforce: a Canadian-funded Masters programme in ecosystem approaches to health that focuses on building capacity to manage environmental health risks sustainably; and the training of Ecuadorians at the Latin American School o...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.07.045393
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability globally. In 2018, an international working group called on the World Health Organization to increase attention on the burden of low back pain and the need to avoid excessively medical solutions. Indeed, major international clinical guidelines now recog...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.226050
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since 1970, WHO has conducted a collaborative study on the use of "excess mortality" from respiratory diseases (that is, the number of deaths actually recorded in excess of the number expected on the basis of past seasonal experience) in order to assess in 13 different countries the severity of influenza epidemics. Th...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In most countries of the world there is a shortage of nurses but nowhere is it so acute as in the developing world. With International Nursing Day on 12 May 2010, Kathryn Senior investigates. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.10.020510
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In serological tests for syphilis, leprosy sera often give biologically false positive reactions. These may be due to the presence of non-specific elements-for example, the ubiquitous lipid antibodies-in the leprosy sera; or they may be the result of errors in technique or unfavourable working conditions in the labora...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine temporal trends in caesarean delivery rates in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, by country and wealth quintile. METHODS:Cross-sectional data were extracted from the results of 80 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 26 countries in southern Asia or sub-Saharan Africa. Caesarean deliver...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.117598
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data on the dynamics of the tuberculosis situation in rural South India, obtained by the National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, were fed into a mathematical model. By this means predictions about the future tuberculosis situation have been made under a wide range of hypothetical assumptions. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the first attempt at vaccination more than 200 years ago, debate has been ongoing about the relative benefits and risks. However, debate was overshadowed by the threat of crippling illness and death. Over the years, vaccination programs succeeded in its goals: eradication of smallpox, near eradication of polio,...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study spanning 10 years indicates that the erythrocytic stages of malarial parasites can be stored indefinitely in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen without significant loss of infectivity. The results also suggest that loss due to the recovery procedures exceeds any loss that may have occurred during freezing and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The associated health care costs are growing in parallel with increases in elderly populations, and it is expected that the number of osteoporotic fractures will double over the next 50 years. The best way to address osteoporosis is...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article surveys the attitudes and perceptions of a random sample of the elderly population in three regions of Italy on the use and efficacy of influenza vaccine. The data were collected by direct interviews using a standard questionnaire. The results show that vaccination coverage against influenza is inadequate...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To assess the outcomes of children diagnosed with hearing impairment 3 years earlier in terms of referral uptake, treatment received and satisfaction with this treatment, and social participation. Methods:We conducted a population-based longitudinal analysis of children with a hearing impairment in two rural...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.226241
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To explore what individuals at risk of injury from using paraffin (also known as kerosene) know about paraffin safety, what they do to protect themselves and their families from paraffin-related injury, and how they perceive their risk for such injury. Also, to explore interrelations between these factors and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.08.057505
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Division of Brucella strains into three species has long been based on differences in growth characteristics on certain dye-agar media and on variations in H(2)S production on liver agar slants. But certain workers believe these differences to be merely quantitative, such as are found between varieties of one species....
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Rubella vaccine is not included in the immunization schedule in Myanmar. Although surveillance for outbreaks of measles and rubella is conducted nationwide, there is no routine surveillance for congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Therefore, we organized a study to assess the burden of CRS. METHODS:From 1 Dece...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.05.022814
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The haemagglutination-inhibition test has been used to assess the frequency of arbovirus infections in the population of Ceylon, by age-group, and also in some animals. The antigens used were: chikungunya, JE, dengue 1, 2, 3, 4, and Tahyna.The percentage of positive reactors to the group-B viruses ranged from 16.3% to...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the potential effects of betel quid chewing on mortality. (A quid consists of betel nut, wrapped in betel leaves; tobacco is added to the quid by some users). METHODS:Prospective data were available on 20 033 individuals aged 18-75 years, living in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Demographic and exposure ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.14.149484
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurements of spermatheca diameter and wing length were made on 8 East African mosquito populations comprising Anopheles merus and A. gambiae species A, species B, and the "Bwamba cytotype" (=species D). The results showed that, on average, the spermatheca in species A females is larger than in species B. In each of...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes the research conducted by a WHO collaborative study group for the development of a questionnaire method for the assessment of quality in child-care settings. The results of an inter-rater reliability study undertaken in Greece and Nigeria suggest that the Child Care Facility Schedule (CCFS), compo...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in the United States of America in 2000, but no comprehensive postmarketing review of safety has been carried out. We conducted a systematic review of the safety of PCV7 and other pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. A total of 42 studies...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2471/blt.07.048025
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer in Bombay has decreased over the last 20 years, whereas over the same period that of breast cancer increased slightly. Studies indicate that the incidence of cervical cancer is lower in successively later-born cohorts, but no cohort effect has been observed for breast...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the direct medical costs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to the National Brazilian Health-Care System (NBHCS) and quantify the contribution of each individual component to the total cost. METHODS:A retrospective, cross-sectional, nationwide multicentre study was conducted between 2008 and 201...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.2471/BLT.12.110387
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer of the uterine cervix is a global problem. It is the most common cancer in women in developing countries and is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, with approximately half a million new cases each year. It is strongly linked with an early onset of sexual activity and multiple sexual partners; rece...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infections with hepatitis A and B viruses are common in all parts of the world and constitute a major public health problem. The identification of specific antigenic markers of these viruses has led to the development of sensitive laboratory tests. These, in turn, have resulted in a better understanding of the epidemi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report from the Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras, summarizes the progress over a 5-year period of 193 patients with newly diagnosed, sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to a concurrent comparison of home and sanatorium treatment for one year with isoniazid plus PAS. Previous reports h...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnitude and duration of dengue viraemia were studied in 153 patients with naturally acquired dengue infection in Jakarta, Indonesia. The duration of viraemia ranged from 2 to 12 days, but most patients had detectable circulating virus for 4-5 days. Accurate measurement of peak virus titres was not possible for m...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As stocks of the first International Standard for Chorionic Gonadotrophin were running low, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization authorized the National Institute for Medical Research, London, in 1960 to proceed with arrangements to replace it. This paper describes the nature and handling of the prop...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With a view to developing a schedule for the ambulatory treatment of Schistosoma haematobium infection with sodium antimony dimercaptosuccinate (TWSb), a trial was conducted in Tanzania of the comparative effectiveness of daily and weekly injections of TWSb in schoolchildren. In-patients received five daily injections...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a community study during a reference period of 1 year, 192 cases of jaundice were detected in an urban population of 69,440 in Alwar, Rajasthan. Detected by paramedics and confirmed by physicians, these cases gave an annual incidence of 2.76 (95% CI: 2.37-3.15) per 1000 population. At least one of these patients di...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eradication of smallpox required a unique, fully collaborative international effort on the part of WHO and Member States. In the course of the programme, many lessons were learned in its organization, execution and evaluation which have implications for other international activities. Most important among these wa...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
