Trends in caesarean delivery by country and wealth quintile: cross-sectional surveys in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To examine temporal trends in caesarean delivery rates in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, by country and wealth quintile. METHODS:Cross-sectional data were extracted from the results of 80 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 26 countries in southern Asia or sub-Saharan Africa. Caesarean delivery rates were evaluated - as percentages of the deliveries that ended in live births - for each wealth quintile in each survey. The annual rates recorded for each country were then compared to see if they had increased over time. FINDINGS:Caesarean delivery rates had risen over time in all but 6 study countries but were consistently found to be lower than 5% in 18 of the countries and 10% or less in the other eight countries. Among the poorest 20% of the population, caesarean sections accounted for less than 1% and less than 2% of deliveries in 12 and 21 of the study countries, respectively. In each of 11 countries, the caesarean delivery rate in the poorest 40% of the population remained under 1%. In Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger and Nigeria, the rate remained under 1% in the poorest 80%. Compared with the 22 African study countries, the four study countries in southern Asia experienced a much greater rise in their caesarean delivery rates over time. However, the rates recorded among the poorest quintile in each of these countries consistently fell below 2%. CONCLUSION:Caesarean delivery rates among large sections of the population in sub-Saharan Africa are very low, probably because of poor access to such surgery. OBJECTIF:Examiner les tendances temporelle des taux d'accouchement par césarienne en Asie du Sud et en Afrique sub-saharienne, par pays et quintile de richesse. MÉTHODES:Les données transversales ont été extraites des résultats de 80 Enquêtes Démographiques et Sanitaires menées dans 26 pays en Asie du Sud ou en Afrique sub-saharienne. Les taux d'accouchement par césarienne ont été évalués – sous forme de pourcentages des accouchements qui ont abouti à une naissance vivante – pour chaque quintile de richesse dans chaque enquête. Les taux annuels enregistrés pour chaque pays ont alors été comparés pour voir s'ils avaient augmenté au fil du temps. RÉSULTATS:Les taux d'accouchement par césarienne ont augmenté au fil du temps dans l’ensemble des pays étudiés, sauf six, mais ils sont systématiquement inférieurs à 5% dans 18 des pays et inférieurs ou égaux à 10% dans 8 autres pays. Parmi la couche des 20% les plus pauvres de la population, les césariennes représentaient moins de 1% et moins de 2% des accouchements dans, respectivement, 12 et 21 pays étudiés. Dans chacun des 11 pays, le taux d'accouchement par césarienne dans la couche des 40% les plus pauvres de la population est resté sous 1%. Au Tchad, en Éthiopie, en Guinée, à Madagascar, au Mali, au Mozambique, au Niger et au Nigéria, le taux est resté sous 1% dans la couche des 80% les plus pauvres. Si l'on compare avec les 22 pays africains étudiés, les 4 pays étudiés en Asie du Sud ont connu une plus grande augmentation de leur taux d'accouchement par césarienne au fil du temps. Cependant, les taux enregistrés au sein du quintile le plus pauvre dans chacun de ces pays chute systématiquement sous 2%. CONCLUSION:Les taux d'accouchement par césarienne au sein de larges couches de la population en Afrique sub-saharienne sont très faibles, probablement à cause du manque d'accès à un tel acte chirurgical. OBJETIVO:Analizar las tendencias temporales de las tasas de parto por cesárea en Asia meridional y África subsahariana, por país y por quintil de riqueza. MÉTODOS:Se obtuvieron datos transversales de los resultados de 80 encuestas de demografía y salud realizadas en 26 países de Asia meridional y África subsahariana. Se evaluaron las tasas de parto por cesárea, como porcentaje de los partos que terminaron en nacimientos vivos, en cada quintil de ingresos en cada encuesta. Se compararon las tasas anuales registradas de cada país para comprobar si habían aumentado con el tiempo. RESULTADOS:Las tasas de parto por cesárea han aumentado con el tiempo en todos los países de estudio, excepto seis. Sin embargo, se halló que las tasas son sistemáticamente inferiores al 5% en 18 de los países y al 10% o menos en los otros ocho países. Entre el 20% de la población más pobre, las cesáreas representaron menos del 1% y menos del 2% de los partos en 12 y 21 de los países de estudio, respectivamente. En cada uno de los 11 países, la tasa de parto por cesárea del 40% de la población pobre se mantuvo por debajo del 1%. En el Chad, Etiopía, Guinea, Madagascar, Malí, Mozambique, Níger y Nigeria, la tasa se mantuvo por debajo del 1% en el 80% de la población pobre. En comparación con los 22 países africanos de estudio, los cuatro países de estudio de Asia meridional experimentaron un mayor aumento en sus tasas de parto por cesárea a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, las tasas registradas en el quintil más pobre de cada uno de estos países se redujeron de forma constante por debajo del 2%. CONCLUSIÓN:Las tasas de parto por cesárea en amplios sectores de la población del África subsahariana son muy bajas, probablemente debido a la falta de acceso a este tipo de cirugía. الغرض:بحث الاتجاهات المؤقتة في معدلات الولادة القيصرية في جنوب آسيا وأفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى، حسب البلد والشريحة الخمسية الأغنى. الطريقة:تم استخلاص البيانات المقطعية من نتائج 80 مسحاً ديمغرافياً وصحياً تم إجراؤها في 26 بلداً في جنوب آسيا وأفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى. وتم تقييم معدلات الولادة القيصرية – كنسب مئوية للولادات التي انتهت بمواليد أحياء – لكل شريحة خمسية أغنى في كل مسح. وبعد ذلك، تم مقارنة المعدلات السنوية المسجلة لكل بلد لمعرفة ما إذا كانت قد زادت بمرور الزمن. النتائج:ازدادت معدلات الولادة القيصرية بمرور الوقت في كل بلدان الدراسة عدا ست بلدان ولكنها كانت بشكل متسق أقل من 5 % في 18 بلداً من البلدان و10 % أو أقل في البلدان الثماني الأخرى. ومن بين 20 % الأفقر من السكان، مثلت العمليات القيصرية أقل من 1 % وأقل من 2 % من الولادات في 12 و21 بلداً من بلدان الدراسة على التوالي. وفي كل بلد من البلدان الإحدى عشر، ظل معدل الولادة القيصرية في نسبة 40 % الأفقر من السكان أقل من 1 %. وفي تشاد وأثيوبيا وغينيا ومدغشقر ومالي وموزمبيق والنيجر ونيجيريا، ظل المعدل أقل من 1 % في نسبة 80 % الأفقر. وبالمقارنة مع الاثني عشر بلداً أفريقياً من بلدان الدراسة، شهدت أربع بلدان من بلدان الدراسة في جنوب آسيا زيادة أكبر بكثير في معدلات الولادة القيصرية فيها بمرور الوقت. وعلى الرغم من ذلك، فإن المعدلات المسجلة بين الخمس الأفقر في كل بلد من هذه البلدان قد انخفضت بشكل ثابت دون 2 %. الاستنتاج:معدلات الولادة القيصرية بين قطاعات كبيرة من السكان في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء الكبرى منخفضة للغاية، ويعود ذلك على الأرجح إلى ضعف إمكانية الوصول لهذه الجراحة. 目的:通过国家和财富五分位考查南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲剖腹产率的时间趋势。 方法:从在南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲26 个国家执行的80 个人口统计和健康调查的结果中提取横断面数据。评估每项调查中每个财富五分位的剖腹产率(占活产出生的百分比)。然后与每个国家记录的年剖腹产率进行比较,观察是否随时间增长。 结果:除了六个国家外,所有研究国家的剖宫产率都随时间上升,但在18 个国家中始终低于 5%,在其他8 个国家中不超过10%。在最贫困的20%人口中剖腹产术占分娩数1%和 2%以下的研究国家分别有12 个和21 个。在11 个国家中,每个国家最穷的 40%人口的剖腹产率保持在1%以下。在乍得、埃塞俄比亚、几内亚、马达加斯加、马里、莫桑比克、尼日尔和尼日利亚,最穷的80%人口中这个比例保持在不到1%。较之22 个非洲研究国家,在南亚的四个研究国家剖腹产率随时间增长明显得多。但是,这些国家中每个国家最贫穷的五分位人口记载的比例始终低于 2%。 结论:撒哈拉以南非洲人口众多区域剖腹产率非常低,可能是因为做不起这样的手术。 Цель:Изучить временные тенденции частоты принятия родов посредством кесарева сечения в Южной Азии и странах Африки южнее Сахары в зависимости от страны и уровня благосостояния. Методы:Данные для перекрестного исследования были получены из результатов 80 демографических и медицинских обследований, проведенных в 26 странах Южной Азии и странах Африки южнее Сахары. В каждом исследовании производилась оценка частоты принятия родов посредством кесарева сечения как процентного показателя родов, которые завершились рождением живого ребенка, по отношению к уровню благосостояния. Затем производилось сравнение годовых показателей, полученных для каждой страны, с целью выявления повышения количества таких операций. Результаты:Во всех исследуемых странах, кроме шести, был отмечен рост количества приема родов методом кесарева сечения, но выявленные показатели были стабильно ниже  5% в восемнадцати странах и 10% или менее в остальных восьми странах. Среди самых бедных 20% населения принятие родов методом проведения кесарева сечения составило менее  2% родов в 21 исследуемой стране и менее 1% родов в остальных 12 исследуемых странах. В 11 странах частота принятия родов методом кесарева сечения в 40% беднейшей части населения составляла менее 1%. В Республике Чад, Эфиопии, Гвинее, Мадагаскаре, Мали, Мозамбике, Нигере и Нигерии количество кесаревых сечений составляло менее  1% для 80% беднейшей части населения. В сравнении с 22 исследуемыми африканскими странами в четырех исследуемых странах Южной Азии с течением времени было отмечено значительное увеличение количества родов, принимаемых с помощью кесарева сечения. Тем не менее, частота проведения этой операции в самых бедных слоях населения этих стран стабильно составляла менее  2%. Вывод:Частота приема родов методом кесарева сечения для больших групп населения стран Африки южнее Сахары является очень низкой, вероятно, из-за низкой доступности таких операций.

authors

Cavallaro FL,Cresswell JA,França GV,Victora CG,Barros AJ,Ronsmans C

doi

10.2471/BLT.13.117598

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-12-01 00:00:00

pages

914-922D

issue

12

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.13.117598

journal_volume

91

pub_type

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: GORDON JE,BEHAR M,SCRIMSHAW NS

    更新日期:1964-01-01 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of anti-Rift-Valley-fever IgM antibody in abattoir workers in the Nile delta during the 1993 outbreak in Egypt.

    abstract::In the early summer of 1993, an outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) was reported among both humans and animals in Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt. To determine whether RVF infection had spread to the Nile delta region of the country, we carried out a cross-sectional survey of 1181 occupationally exposed abattoir worker...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Abu-Elyazeed R,el-Sharkawy S,Olson J,Botros B,Soliman A,Salib A,Cummings C,Arthur R

    更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00

  • Striving to provide universal health coverage in Kazakhstan.

    abstract::Four decades after the declaration of Alma Ata, Kazakhstan still struggles to provide basic health care to its citizens. This may now be changing. Andrey Shukshin reports. ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 新闻

    doi:10.2471/BLT.19.020419

    authors:

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

  • Validation of community health workers' assessment of neonatal illness in rural Bangladesh.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the validity (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values) of a clinical algorithm as used by community health workers (CHWs) to detect and classify neonatal illness during routine household visits in rural Bangladesh. METHODS:CHWs evaluated breastfeeding and symptoms an...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/blt.07.050666

    authors: Darmstadt GL,Baqui AH,Choi Y,Bari S,Rahman SM,Mannan I,Ahmed AS,Saha SK,Rahman R,Chang S,Winch PJ,Black RE,Santosham M,El Arifeen S,Bangladesh Projahnmo-2 (Mirzapur) Study Group.

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular characteristics and biological properties (genetic markers) of candidate strains for preparation of live influenza virus vaccines.

    abstract::The biological and molecular properties of both virulent and vaccine types of influenza virus strains are reviewed, including their analysis in laboratory animals and in organ tissue cultures, as well as studies of their genome peculiarities. Methods are discussed for obtaining attenuated donor strains of influenza vi...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Ghendon YZ

    更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00

  • Preliminary investigation on the use of a light-trap for sampling malaria vectors in the Gambia.

    abstract::Light-traps have been used successfully as mechanical sampling tools for insects of agricultural importance but medical entomologists have had only limited success because of the assumption that light-traps would attract vectors, even when sited in open fields well away from hosts. The investigations reported in this ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Odetoyinbo JA

    更新日期:1969-04-01 00:00:00

  • Three basic convictions: a recipe for preventing child injuries.

    abstract::This paper represents a personal reflection on what is needed worldwide to prevent child injuries. It repeats messages that have been frequently delivered in the past. The main points are: first, the need for everyone to accept the view that, ultimately, injuries are a health problem and health departments must view t...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/blt.08.058024

    authors: Pless IB

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Cell-mediated immunological processes in leprosy.

    abstract::A large number of organisms such as viruses, protozoa, helminths, fungi and bacteria, especially mycobacteria, need cell-mediated immunological processes for their elimination. As well as being involved in protection, cell-mediated immunological processes are also involved in a number of allergic reactions to products...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.5935/0305-7518.19700030

    authors: Turk JL

    更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00