Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To estimate the validity (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values) of a clinical algorithm as used by community health workers (CHWs) to detect and classify neonatal illness during routine household visits in rural Bangladesh. METHODS:CHWs evaluated breastfeeding and symptoms and signs of illness in 395 neonates selected randomly from neonatal illness surveillance during household visits on postnatal days 0, 2, 5 and 8. Neonates classified with very severe disease (VSD) were referred to a community-based hospital. Within 12 hours of CHW assessments, physicians independently evaluated all neonates seen in a given day by one CHW, randomly chosen from among 36 project CHWs. Physicians recorded symptoms and signs of illness, classified the illness, and determined whether the newborn needed referral-level care at the hospital. Physicians' identification and classification were used as the gold standard in determining the validity of CHWs' identification of symptoms and signs of illness and its classification. FINDINGS:CHWs' classification of VSD showed a sensitivity of 73%, a specificity of 98%, a positive predictive value of 57% and a negative predictive value of 99%. A maternal report of any feeding problem as ascertained by physician questioning was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with 'not sucking at all' and 'not attached at all' or 'not well attached' as determined clinically by CHWs during feeding assessment. CONCLUSION:CHWs identified with high validity the neonates with severe illness needing referral-level care. Home-based illness recognition and management, including referral of neonates with severe illness by CHWs, is a promising strategy for improving neonatal health and survival in low-resource developing country settings.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Darmstadt GL,Baqui AH,Choi Y,Bari S,Rahman SM,Mannan I,Ahmed AS,Saha SK,Rahman R,Chang S,Winch PJ,Black RE,Santosham M,El Arifeen S,Bangladesh Projahnmo-2 (Mirzapur) Study Group.doi
10.2471/blt.07.050666subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
12-9issue
1eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604pii
S0042-96862009000100009journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Until very recently, rabies research had made few notable advances since the time of Pasteur, but during the past few years the use of modern virological techniques has led to rapid progress in research on the rabies virus. This article summarizes the present state of knowledge of pathogenesis, immunology, cultivation...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult male volunteers were orally vaccinated with two "killed" antityphoid preparations. The recommended doses of both vaccines resulted in serum antibody development in only a few of the subjects. When the dose of the monovalent preparation (Taboral) was doubled, serological responses occurred more frequently, with a...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To estimate the average treatment effect of working past the current retirement age on the health of Japanese men. Methods:We used publicly available data from the National Survey of Japanese Elderly, extracting a sample of 1288 men who were 60 years or older. Survey respondents were followed-up for at most ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.18.215764
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was undertaken in Bangalore City, India, to find out whether people with chest symptoms, including tuberculosis patients, attend general health institutions or report directly to tuberculosis clinics. The attendance for one day at 19 general dispensaries was investigated. Of the total of 2506 eligible persons ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the preparation and test procedures for a second batch of lyophilized LBM combination antiserum pools, A through H, used for identifying 42 enteroviruses. Each pool is selectively composed of 10 or 11 of 42 individual enterovirus equine sera so that it contains 500 antibody units of each serum com...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are currently reforming their national health sectors and also implementing a comprehensive approach to reproductive health care. Three regional workshops to explore how health sector reform could improve reproductive health services have revealed the inherently ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To compare estimated losses from international corporate tax avoidance in individual countries and domestic government health expenditure, with reference to the annual threshold of 86 United States dollars (US$) per capita required to achieve universal health coverage. Methods:I obtained and compared estimat...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.18.220897
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between cardiovascular characteristics and mortality was investigated in an epidemiological study of heart disease in a representative adult rural community in Jamaica. Of 449 men and 469 women followed up for 5 years, 36 men and 28 women died and the data concerning their status as regards arterial p...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coordinated global efforts to prevent and control malaria have been a tour-de-force for public health, but success appears to have reached a plateau in many parts of the world. While this is a multifaceted problem, policy strategies have largely ignored genetic variations in humans as a factor that influences both sel...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.11.087320
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between the period elapsed since weaning and the risk of shigellosis was assessed between 1 November 1987 and 30 November 1989 for a cohort of 1085 Bangladeshi children aged < 3 years. The children were followed for 1 month after exposure to Shigella spp. in their residential neighbourhoods, and the 26...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reviews recent experimental evidence in support of inoculation with antirabies serum, the value of which, as a prophylactic measure, is compared with that of vaccine treatment alone. The author concludes that the chief advantages of combined antiserum-vaccine prophylaxis lie in the rapid treatment of cases ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1954-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The findings from an epidemiological survey of bacillary dysentery in three villages in south-west Serbia are reported. Factors in the transmission of infection-in particular, living conditions and standards of hygiene-are discussed, and an attempt is made to assess the value of various popular remedies, such as herba...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1954-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess government actions to improve the healthiness of food environments in New Zealand, based on the healthy food environment policy index. METHODS:A panel of 52 public health experts rated the extent of government implementation against international best practice for 42 indicators of food environment ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.145540
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine paediatric blood sample volume limits that are consistent with physiological "minimal risk." METHODS:A literature review was performed to search for evidence concerning the adverse effects of blood sampling in children and for guidelines on sampling volume in paediatric research. The search incl...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.10.080010
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study the efficacy of oral rehydration solution (ORS) was compared with that of intravenous fluid (IVF) in the treatment of moderate and some severe cases of dehydration due to diarrhea in a treatment center in Bangladesh during 1980-81. 10,379 patients with moderate and severe dehydration in 1980 and 9897 in...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In China, alcohol consumption is increasing faster than anywhere else in the world. A steady increase in alcohol production has also been observed in the country, together with a rise in alcohol-related harm. Despite these trends, China's policies on the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages are weak compared wi...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.12.107318
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the socioeconomic, geographical and demographic inequities in the use of postnatal health-care services in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS:We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central databases and grey literature for experimental, quasi-experimental and observational studies that had...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.140996
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HemoCue system utilizes the principle of oxidation of haemoglobin to hemiglobin by sodium nitrite and the subsequent conversion of hemiglobin to hemiglobinazide by sodium azide. The reagents for these reactions are contained within a small disposable microcuvette of approximately 10 microliters in volume. A venous...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precautions to be taken and the procedures to be followed when giving intramuscular injections are well known, but they are not always satisfactorily observed under conditions such as those met with in mass treatment campaigns against the treponematoses, nor is the importance of employing uniform techniques always...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1958-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing health transition as increased globalization and accompanying urbanization are causing a double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Rates of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in Africa are the highest in the world. The impact of noncommun...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.10.077891
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1963 the World Health Organization established a system for the collection and distribution of information on viruses. By 1973 laboratories in 45 countries were participating in this scheme. The present study is an analysis of the reports on adenovirus, influenza viruses A, B, and C, parainfluenza virus, respirator...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbits have commonly been used for testing the blood-level duration limit of penicillin, but have proved not to be entirely suitable. Experiments reported in this paper on the use of sheep suggest that these animals can be successfully used for the testing of procaine benzylpenicillin with aluminium monostearate (PAM...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The isolation of West Nile virus from the brain tissue of three children who died of encephalitis in Mysore and Kolar districts of Karnataka State, India, is reported. This is the first such report from India. The significance of these isolations with reference to the role of West Nile virus in encephalitis in childre...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When mice are immunized with radiation-attenuated sporozoites they are solidly protected against sporozoite challenge by an immune response that has been shown to require CD8+ lymphocytes in several strains of mice. The target of this CD8+ T-cell-dependent immunity has not been established. Immune BALB/c mice were sho...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiomersal-iodine-formalin (TIF) has been used as a faecal preservative in many prevalence surveys of intestinal helminths and protozoa. In helminth surveys, however, estimates of worm burden are no less essential than those of prevalence. Direct-smear and dilution egg-counting techniques, using fresh faeces, have bee...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new straightforward photometric method for the assay of the antimalarial drug chloroquine and its metabolites in urine is described. The method involves an ion-pair extraction procedure with dichloromethane using the acid-base indicator bromthymol blue as counter-ion. The ion pair formed with chloroquine in the orga...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate a new approach to calculating cause-related standardized mortality rates that involves assigning weights to each cause of death reported on death certificates. METHODS:We derived cause-related standardized mortality rates from death certificate data for France in 2010 using: (i) the classic me...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.16.172189
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A follow-up study of coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out among adults in Delhi 3 years after an initial community-based epidemiological survey of the same population. A total of 575 of the 814 cases of CHD detected clinically and by electrocardiogram (ECG) in the initial survey took part. On re-examination of...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operational and diagnostic performance of a two-step method for the cost-effective screening of urinary schistosomiasis was investigated in the Kilosa District of east-central Tanzania. In the first step a simple questionnaire was administered to 15,073 primary schoolchildren by their class teachers over a 4-week ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large number of organisms such as viruses, protozoa, helminths, fungi and bacteria, especially mycobacteria, need cell-mediated immunological processes for their elimination. As well as being involved in protection, cell-mediated immunological processes are also involved in a number of allergic reactions to products...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5935/0305-7518.19700030
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00