Quantifying cause-related mortality by weighting multiple causes of death.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To investigate a new approach to calculating cause-related standardized mortality rates that involves assigning weights to each cause of death reported on death certificates. METHODS:We derived cause-related standardized mortality rates from death certificate data for France in 2010 using: (i) the classic method, which considered only the underlying cause of death; and (ii) three novel multiple-cause-of-death weighting methods, which assigned weights to multiple causes of death mentioned on death certificates: the first two multiple-cause-of-death methods assigned non-zero weights to all causes mentioned and the third assigned non-zero weights to only the underlying cause and other contributing causes that were not part of the main morbid process. As the sum of the weights for each death certificate was 1, each death had an equal influence on mortality estimates and the total number of deaths was unchanged. Mortality rates derived using the different methods were compared. FINDINGS:On average, 3.4 causes per death were listed on each certificate. The standardized mortality rate calculated using the third multiple-cause-of-death weighting method was more than 20% higher than that calculated using the classic method for five disease categories: skin diseases, mental disorders, endocrine and nutritional diseases, blood diseases and genitourinary diseases. Moreover, this method highlighted the mortality burden associated with certain diseases in specific age groups. CONCLUSION:A multiple-cause-of-death weighting approach to calculating cause-related standardized mortality rates from death certificate data identified conditions that contributed more to mortality than indicated by the classic method. This new approach holds promise for identifying underrecognized contributors to mortality. OBJECTIF:Étudier une nouvelle approche permettant de calculer des taux comparatifs de mortalité due à différentes causes en pondérant chaque cause de décès déclarée sur les certificats de décès. MÉTHODES:Nous avons calculé des taux comparatifs de mortalité due à différentes causes à partir des données de certificats de décès émis en France en 2010 suivant: (i) la méthode classique, où nous avons uniquement tenu compte de la cause sous-jacente de décès; et (ii) trois nouvelles méthodes de pondération de causes multiples de décès, qui consistaient à appliquer une pondération aux différentes causes de décès mentionnées sur les certificats de décès: les deux premières méthodes tenant compte de plusieurs causes de décès consistaient à appliquer une pondération autre que zéro à toutes les causes mentionnées et la troisième consistait à appliquer une pondération autre que zéro uniquement à la cause sous-jacente et à d'autres causes aggravantes, extérieures au processus pathologique principal. La somme des pondérations pour chaque certificat de décès était de 1. Ainsi, chaque décès avait la même influence sur les estimations de la mortalité, sans changer le nombre total de décès. Les taux de mortalité obtenus suivant ces différentes méthodes ont ensuite été comparés. RÉSULTATS:En moyenne, 3,4 causes étaient mentionnées sur chaque certificat de décès. Le taux comparatif de mortalité calculé selon la troisième méthode de pondération de causes multiples de décès était plus de 20% supérieur à celui calculé selon la méthode classique pour cinq catégories de maladies: maladies de la peau, troubles mentaux, maladies endocriniennes et nutritionnelles, maladies du sang et maladies uro-génitales. En outre, cette méthode a mis en relief la charge de mortalité associée à certaines maladies dans des groupes d'âge spécifiques. CONCLUSION:L'approche consistant à pondérer des causes multiples de décès afin de calculer des taux comparatifs de mortalité due à différentes causes à partir des données figurant sur des certificats de décès a permis de repérer les pathologies qui contribuaient plus à la mortalité que ce qu'indiquait la méthode classique. Cette nouvelle approche devrait permettre d'identifier les facteurs peu reconnus qui contribuent pourtant à la mortalité. OBJETIVO:Investigar un nuevo enfoque para calcular las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad relacionada con las causas que implique la asignación de variables de cada causa de muerte indicada en los certificados de defunción. MÉTODOS:Se derivaron las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad relacionada con las causas de certificados de defunción en Francia en 2010 utilizando: (i) el método clásico, que consideraba únicamente la causa subyacente de la muerte; y (ii) tres nuevos métodos de evaluación de múltiples causas de muerte, que asignaban variables a varias causas de muerte mencionadas en los certificados de defunción: los primeros dos métodos de múltiples causas de muerte asignaron variables no nulas en todas las causas mencionadas y el tercero asignó las mismas variables sólo a la causa subyacente y otras causas contribuyentes que no formaban parte del proceso mórbido principal. Dado que la suma de las variables de cada certificado era 1, cada defunción tenía la misma influencia en las estimaciones de mortalidad y el número total de muertes permaneció intacto. Se compararon las tasas de mortalidad derivadas utilizando los distintos métodos. RESULTADOS:De media, cada certificado enumeraba 3,4 causas por muerte. La tasa de mortalidad estandarizada calculada utilizando el tercer método de evaluación de múltiples causas de muerte fue más de un 20% superior a la calculada utilizando el método clásico para cinco categorías de enfermedades: enfermedades cutáneas, trastornos mentales, enfermedades endocrinas y nutricionales, enfermedades sanguíneas y enfermedades genitourinarias. Asimismo, este método destacó el umbral de mortalidad relacionado con determinadas enfermedades de grupos de edades en particular. CONCLUSIÓN:Un enfoque de evaluación de múltiples causas de muerte para calcular las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad relacionada con las causas de datos recopilados de certificados de defunción identificó las condiciones que contribuyeron más a la mortalidad que las indicadas en el método clásico. Este nuevo enfoque promete identificar contribuyentes no reconocidos a la mortalidad. الغرض:الاستقصاء عن نهج جديد يختص بحساب معدلات الوفيات القياسية المرتبطة بسبب الوفاة والذي يتضمن تخصيص الترجيحات لكل سبب من أسباب الوفاة المدونة في شهادات الوفاة. الطريقة:قمنا باشتقاق معدلات الوفيات القياسية المرتبطة بسبب الوفاة من بيانات شهادة الوفاة في فرنسا في عام 2010 باستخدام التالي: (أ) الطريقة القديمة، والتي أخذت في الاعتبار فقط السبب الدفين لحدوث الوفاة؛ و(ب) ثلاث وسائل جديدة لترجيح أسباب الوفاة المتعددة، والتي عملت على تخصيص الترجيحات للعديد من أسباب الوفاة المذكورة في شهادات الوفاة: قامت أول وسيلتين لترجيح أسباب الوفاة المتعددة بتخصيص ترجيحات غير صفرية لجميع الأسباب المذكورة، فيما قامت الوسيلة الثالثة بتخصيص ترجيحات غير صفرية لسبب الوفاة الدفين فقط والأسباب الأخرى المساهمة في حدوث الوفاة والتي لم تكن جزءًا من الحالة المرضية الرئيسية. وبينما كان مجموع الترجيحات لكل شهادة وفاة يساوي 1، فإن كل حالة وفاة كان لديها تأثير متساوٍ على تقديرات الوفيات ولم يتغير العدد الإجمالي لحالات الوفاة. وتمت مقارنة معدلات الوفيات التي تم اشتقاقها باستخدام مختلف الوسائل. النتائج:تم في المتوسط إدراج 3.4 أسباب لكل وفاة في كل شهادة وفاة صادرة. كان معدل الوفيات القياسي الذي تم حسابه باستخدام الوسيلة الثالثة لترجيح أسباب الوفاة المتعددة أعلى بنسبة تزيد عن 20‏% عن المعدل الذي تم حسابه باستخدام الوسيلة القديمة بالنسبة للخمس فئات التالية من الأمراض: الأمراض الجلدية، والاضطرابات الذهنية، وأمراض الغدد الصماء والأمراض المرتبطة بالتغذية، وأمراض الدم، وأمراض الجهاز البولي التناسلي. وعلاوة على ذلك، أبرزت هذه الوسيلة عبء معدلات الوفيات المرتبط بأمراض معينة في فئات عمرية محددة. الاستنتاج:كان نهج ترجيح أسباب الوفاة المتعددة بغرض حساب معدلات الوفيات القياسية المرتبطة بأسباب الوفاة الصادرة عن بيانات شهادات الوفاة قد ساهم في تحديد الظروف التي أدت بشكلٍ أكبر في حدوث الوفيات عن الظروف التي تشير إليها الطريقة القديمة. ويبشر هذا النهج الجديد بالخير في تحديد العوامل المساهمة غير المعروفة في حدوث الوفيات. 目的:旨在调查新的计算因果关联标准化死亡率的方法,该方法涉及到为死亡证明上报告的每种死因分配权重。. 方法:我们使用以下方法从 2010 年法国死亡证明数据中得出因果关联的标准化死亡率: (i) 传统方法,仅考虑根本死因;和 (ii) 三种新颖的多重死因加权平均法,该方法为死亡证明上提到的多重死因分配权重: 前两种多重死因方法将非零权重分配至所有涉及原因,第三种方法仅将非零权重分配给根本原因以及其他不构成主要病变过程的间接原因。 由于每个死亡证明的权重总和为 1,所以每例死亡对死亡率估值具有同等影响,而且死亡总数未变。 我们比较了使用不同方法得出的死亡率。. 结果:平均每张证明上每例死亡列出 3.4 种原因。 在下列五种疾病类别中,使用第三种多重死因加权平均方法计算出的标准化死亡率比使用传统方法计算出的死亡率高出 20% 以上:皮肤疾病、精神障碍、内分泌和营养性疾病、血液疾病和泌尿生殖系统疾病。 此外,此方法着重强调了与特定年龄段某些疾病相关的死亡率负担。. 结论:与传统方法相比,通过多重死因加权平均法从死亡证明数据中计算出的因果关联死亡率,能够确定出对死亡率影响更大的因素。 该新方法有望实现对未发现死亡原因的确定。. Цель:Изучить новый подход к расчету стандартизированных показателей смертности по определенным причинам, включающий присваивание весового коэффициента каждой причине смерти, указанной в свидетельстве о смерти. Методы:На основании данных, внесенных в свидетельства о смерти во Франции в 2010 году, авторы вычислили показатели смертности по определенным причинам (I) классическим методом, который учитывал только причину, непосредственно приведшую к смерти, и (ii) тремя новыми методами с учетом весовых коэффициентов для нескольких причин смерти, в которых нескольким причинам смерти, указанным в свидетельстве о смерти, присваивались весовые коэффициенты: первые два таких метода предусматривали присвоение отличных от нуля весовых коэффициентов всем названным в свидетельстве причинам смерти, а третий предусматривал отличные от нуля весовые коэффициенты только для непосредственной причины смерти и для других причин, которые не были частью основного процесса, приведшего к смерти пациента. Так как сумма весовых коэффициентов для каждого свидетельства о смерти была равна единице, каждый случай смерти одинаковым образом влиял на оценку смертности, а общее количество смертей осталось неизменным. Для полученных таким образом показателей смертности затем было проведено сравнение. Результаты:В среднем в каждом свидетельстве о смерти были указаны 3,4 причины смерти. Стандартизированные показатели смертности, вычисленные третьим методом с учетом весовых коэффициентов, более чем на 20% превышали показатели, рассчитанные классическим методом, для пяти категорий заболеваний: болезней кожи, нарушений психического здоровья, болезней эндокринной системы и расстройств питания, заболеваний крови и болезней мочеполовой системы. Более того, этот метод позволил выявить долю смертности, ассоциируемую с определенными возрастными группами. Вывод:Подход, согласно которому при расчете стандартизированных показателей смертности по определенной причине на основании данных, указанных в свидетельствах о смерти, предлагается учитывать весовые коэффициенты различных причин смерти, позволил выявить заболевания и состояния, которые в большей мере вносят вклад в смертность, нежели это демонстрировал стандартный метод определения таких показателей. Этот новый подход обещает выявить дополнительные неизвестные причины смертности.

authors

Piffaretti C,Moreno-Betancur M,Lamarche-Vadel A,Rey G

doi

10.2471/BLT.16.172189

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-12-01 00:00:00

pages

870-879

issue

12

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.16.172189

journal_volume

94

pub_type

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    更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00

  • In vitro production and partial purification of Plasmodium falciparum antigen.

    abstract::A simple technique for achieving high yields of Plasmodium falciparum parasites on a continuous basis is described. The technique is applicable in any laboratory. The culture apparatus is also simple and inexpensive and allows multiple cultures to be run simultaneously. A total of approximately 1-2 x 10(9) parasites c...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Siddiqui WA,Kan SC,Kramer K,Richmond-Crum SM

    更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Knowledge integration in One Health policy formulation, implementation and evaluation.

    abstract::The One Health concept covers the interrelationship between human, animal and environmental health and requires multistakeholder collaboration across many cultural, disciplinary, institutional and sectoral boundaries. Yet, the implementation of the One Health approach appears hampered by shortcomings in the global fra...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.17.202705

    authors: Hitziger M,Esposito R,Canali M,Aragrande M,Häsler B,Rüegg SR

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • Contracting but not without caution: experience with outsourcing of health services in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region.

    abstract::The public sector in developing countries is increasingly contracting with the non-state sector to improve access, efficiency and quality of health services. We conducted a multicountry study to assess the range of health services contracted out, the process of contracting and its influencing factors in ten countries ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/blt.06.033027

    authors: Siddiqi S,Masud TI,Sabri B

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Observations on the physiology of adult anophelines in Asia.

    abstract::Some recent physiological observations made in Afghanistan, Ceylon and Burma on adults of Anopheles culicifacies and A. aconitus are described. The specimens from Ceylon and Burma, in particular, showed a peculiar physiological process in which, at the beginning of the dry season, the coagulated, dark red, and almost ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Büttiker W

    更新日期:1958-01-01 00:00:00

  • Perinatal mortality in southern Brazil: a population-based study of 7392 births.

    abstract::Perinatal, fetal and early neonatal mortality rates were determined in a population of 7392 babies born in hospitals in Pelotas (total population, 260 000) during 1982. These babies represented over 99% of all births in the city in that year. The perinatal mortality rate for singletons was 31.9 per 1000 total births, ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Barros FC,Victora CG,Vaughan JP,Estanislau HJ

    更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of undernutrition on immunological responses to BCG and TAB vaccines in mice maintained on a natural diet.

    abstract::A study was made on the effect of undernutrition on the immunological responses of mice to TAB and BCG vaccines. The mice were fed a diet comprising chapati and germinated grams; one group was fed ad libitum while another was given half the quantity consumed by the first group. The undernourished mice showed a poor im...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Narayanan RB,Nath I,Bhuyan UN,Talwar GP

    更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00

  • Immunity to cancer: naturally occurring tumours in domestic animals as models for research. 2.

    abstract::Part 1 of this Memorandum appeared in Vol. 49, pages 81-91. Part 2 covers neoplasia of the bovine urinary bladder; tumours of unknown cause (including melanomas, osteosarcomas, mammary tumours, lymphosarcomas, mastocytomas, transmissible venereal tumours, and histiocytomas); and the applications of animal models in st...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors:

    更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00

  • Metabolic characterization of Brucella strains that show conflicting identity by biochemical and serological methods.

    abstract::Each of 87 strains of brucellae examined for its utilization of amino acid and carbohydrate substrates displayed a metabolic pattern that characterized it as to its species identity, irrespective of its serological and biochemical characters. Strains that displayed the metabolic pattern of Br. abortus were lysed by Br...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: MEYER ME,MORGAN WJ

    更新日期:1962-01-01 00:00:00

  • Detection of hepatitis B antigen by radioelectrocomplexing.

    abstract::The reaction that occurs on direct radioelectrocomplexing (REC) between hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab) and (125)I-labelled HB Ag can be inhibited by unlabelled HB Ag. Inhibition of REC provides a rapid, sensitive method for the detection of HB Ag. ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Simons MJ

    更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00

  • The need for a coordinated international pandemic response.

    abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the international agreement governing responses to public health emergencies, with some experts calling for its revision. Lynn Eaton and Gary Humphreys report. ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 新闻

    doi:10.2471/BLT.20.020620

    authors:

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00