Knowledge integration in One Health policy formulation, implementation and evaluation.

Abstract:

:The One Health concept covers the interrelationship between human, animal and environmental health and requires multistakeholder collaboration across many cultural, disciplinary, institutional and sectoral boundaries. Yet, the implementation of the One Health approach appears hampered by shortcomings in the global framework for health governance. Knowledge integration approaches, at all stages of policy development, could help to address these shortcomings. The identification of key objectives, the resolving of trade-offs and the creation of a common vision and a common direction can be supported by multicriteria analyses. Evidence-based decision-making and transformation of observations into narratives detailing how situations emerge and might unfold in the future can be achieved by systems thinking. Finally, transdisciplinary approaches can be used both to improve the effectiveness of existing systems and to develop novel networks for collective action. To strengthen One Health governance, we propose that knowledge integration becomes a key feature of all stages in the development of related policies. We suggest several ways in which such integration could be promoted. :Le concept «Un monde, une santé» a trait aux corrélations entre la santé humaine, la santé animale et l'environnement, et requiert la collaboration de différentes parties prenantes sur de nombreux plans culturels, disciplinaires, institutionnels et sectoriels. Or, la mise en œuvre de ce principe est rendue difficile par des défauts du cadre mondial de gouvernance en matière de santé. Les approches qui visent à regrouper les connaissances, à toutes les étapes de l'élaboration des politiques, pourraient permettre de résoudre ces défauts. Des analyses multicritères pourraient contribuer à définir des objectifs clés, à résoudre les compromis et à créer une vision et une direction communes. Une pensée systémique pourrait déboucher sur une prise de décisions d’après des éléments probants et transformer les observations en descriptions détaillant la manière dont des situations surviennent et pourraient évoluer dans l'avenir. Enfin, des approches transdisciplinaires pourraient permettre d'améliorer l'efficacité des systèmes existants tout en développant de nouveaux réseaux d'action collective. Afin de renforcer la gouvernance du principe «Un monde, une santé», nous proposons que le regroupement des connaissances devienne un élément clé de toutes les étapes de l'élaboration des politiques relatives à ce principe et suggérons plusieurs manières de favoriser ce regroupement. :El concepto de One Health cubre la interrelación entre la salud humana, animal y ambiental, y exige la colaboración de varias partes interesadas atravesando diversos límites culturales, disciplinarios, institucionales y sectoriales. Sin embargo, la implementación del enfoque de One Health parece verse obstaculizado por deficiencias en el marco global de la gobernanza sanitaria. Los enfoques de integración de conocimientos, en todas las etapas del desarrollo de la política, podrían contribuir a abordar estas deficiencias. Los análisis basados en numerosos criterios permiten respaldar la identificación de objetivos claves, la resolución de dilemas y la creación de una visión común y una dirección común. El pensamiento sistémico puede lograr la toma de decisiones basadas en pruebas y la transformación de las observaciones en textos donde se describa detalladamente cómo surgen las situaciones y cómo estas podrían desarrollarse en el futuro. Por último, pueden emplearse enfoques transdisciplinarios para mejorar la efectividad de los sistemas existentes y desarrollar redes innovadoras para la acción colectiva. A fin de fortalecer la gobernanza de One Health, proponemos que la integración de conocimientos se convierta en un aspecto clave de todas las etapas del desarrollo de las políticas relacionadas con One-Health. Sugerimos diferentes maneras de promover dicha integración. :يغطي مفهوم "توحيد الأداء في مجال الصحة" العلاقة المتبادلة بين البشر والحيوانات والصحة البيئية، ويتطلب ذلك تعاون الجهات المعنية العابر لحدود الثقافات والتخصصات والمؤسسات والقطاعات. ومع ذلك يبدو أن تنفيذ نهج "توحيد الأداء في مجال الصحة" تعرقله أوجه للقصور في الإطار العالمي للإدارة الصحية. ويمكن للأساليب المنهجية دمج المعلومات المساعدة في معالجة جميع أوجه القصور في جميع مراحل تطوير السياسات. ويمكن أن يتم دعم الجهود الرامية إلى تحديد الأهداف الأساسية، وإيجاد حلول المفضالات، وخلق رؤية مشتركة، وتوجه مشترك من خلال إجراء تحليل متعدد المعايير. ويمكن تحقيق عملية اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على أدلة، وتحويل الملاحظات إلى معلومات سردية تشرح بالتفاصيل كيفية ظهور الحالات واكتشافها في المستقبل من خلال التفكير المنهجي. وأخيرًا، يمكن اتباع الأساليب المنهجية متعددة التخصصات لتطوير فاعلية الأنظمة القائمة، وكذلك لتطوير شبكات جديدة من أجل التحرك الجماعي. وحرصًا على تعزيز الإدارة الصحية الواحدة، فإننا نقترح أن يصبح دمج المعرفة سمة أساسية في جميع مراحل تطوير السياسات ذات الصلة. قمنا باقتراح عدة طرق يمكن من خلالها تشجيع ذلك الدمج. :“唯一健康”概念涵盖了人类健康、动物健康和环境健康之间的相互关系,需要多个利益相关方在诸多文化、学科、机构和部门之间的合作。然而,“唯一健康”的实施方法似乎受到全球卫生治理框架中的缺陷的阻碍。知识整合方法在政策制订的各个阶段都可以帮助解决这些缺点。关键目标的确定、权衡的解决以及建立一个共同愿景和展开叙述可以通过多重判据分析来实现。通过系统性思考,可实现基于证据的决策并将观察结果转化为对未来形势会如何出现及展开的详细叙述。最后,跨学科方法既可以用来提高现有系统的有效性,也可以用来开发全新的集体行动网络。为了加强“唯一健康”的治理,我们建议将知识整合作为“唯一健康”相关政策发展过程中的一个关键特征。我们提出几种可以促进这种整合的方法。. :Концепция «Один мир — одно здоровье» охватывает взаимосвязь между здоровьем человека, животных и состоянием окружающей среды и требует многостороннего сотрудничества во многих культурных, дисциплинарных, институциональных и секторальных областях. Тем не менее внедрению подхода «Один мир — одно здоровье», вероятно, препятствуют недостатки в глобальной структуре управления здравоохранением. Подходы с применением интеграции знаний на всех этапах разработки политики могут помочь устранить эти недостатки. Выявление ключевых целей, урегулирование компромиссов и выработка общего видения и общего направления деятельности могут быть подкреплены многокритериальными анализами. Принятие решений на основе фактических данных и преобразование наблюдений в нарративы с подробным описанием того, как возникают и могут развиваться ситуации в будущем, могут быть достигнуты путем системного мышления. Наконец, трансдисциплинарные подходы могут использоваться как для повышения эффективности существующих систем, так и для разработки новых сетей для коллективных действий. Для лучшего управления политикой «Один мир — одно здоровье» авторы предлагают сделать интеграцию знаний ключевой особенностью всех этапов разработки этой политики. Предлагается несколько возможных способов содействия такой интеграции.

authors

Hitziger M,Esposito R,Canali M,Aragrande M,Häsler B,Rüegg SR

doi

10.2471/BLT.17.202705

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-03-01 00:00:00

pages

211-218

issue

3

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.17.202705

journal_volume

96

pub_type

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