Mortality from neglected tropical diseases in Brazil, 2000-2011.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To describe mortality from neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Brazil, 2000-2011. METHODS:We extracted information on cause of death, age, sex, ethnicity and place of residence from the nationwide mortality information system at the Brazilian Ministry of Health. We selected deaths in which the underlying cause of death was a neglected tropical disease (NTD), as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and based on its International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes. For specific NTDs, we estimated crude and age-adjusted mortality rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We calculated crude and age-adjusted mortality rates and mortality rate ratios by age, sex, ethnicity and geographic area. FINDINGS:Over the 12-year study period, 12 491 280 deaths were recorded; 76 847 deaths (0.62%) were caused by NTDs. Chagas disease was the most common cause of death (58 928 deaths; 76.7%), followed by schistosomiasis (6319 deaths; 8.2%) and leishmaniasis (3466 deaths; 4.5%). The average annual age-adjusted mortality from all NTDs combined was 4.30 deaths per 100 000 population (95% CI: 4.21-4.40). Rates were higher in males: 4.98 deaths per 100 000; people older than 69 years: 33.12 deaths per 100 000; Afro-Brazilians: 5.25 deaths per 100 000; and residents in the central-west region: 14.71 deaths per 100 000. CONCLUSION:NTDs are important causes of death and are a significant public health problem in Brazil. There is a need for intensive integrated control measures in areas of high morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIF:Décrire la mortalité due aux maladies tropicales négligées au Brésil sur la période 2000–2011. MÉTHODES:Nous avons prélevé des informations sur la cause des décès, l'âge, le sexe, l'origine ethnique et le lieu de résidence dans le système d'information national sur la mortalité du ministère de la Santé brésilien. Nous avons sélectionné les décès pour lesquels la cause sous-jacente était une maladie tropicale négligée, au sens de la définition de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et selon les codes de sa Classification statistique internationale des maladies et des problèmes de santé connexes, 10e révision (CIM-10). Nous avons estimé le taux de mortalité brut et ajusté en fonction de l'âge ainsi que l'intervalle de confiance (IC) de 95% relatifs à des maladies tropicales négligées spécifiques. Nous avons calculé le taux de mortalité brut et ajusté en fonction de l'âge ainsi que les ratios de taux de mortalité par âge, sexe, origine ethnique et situation géographique. RÉSULTATS:Sur la période de 12 années étudiée, 12 491 280 décès ont été enregistrés; 76 847 de ces décès (0,62%) étaient dus à des maladies tropicales négligées. La maladie de Chagas était la cause de décès la plus courante (58 928 décès; 76,7%), suivie de la schistosomiase (6319 décès; 8,2%) et de la leishmaniose (3466 décès; 4,5%). La mortalité annuelle moyenne ajustée en fonction de l'âge due à l'ensemble des maladies tropicales négligées était de 4,30 décès pour 100 000 personnes (IC 95%: 4,21-4,40). Le taux était plus élevé chez les hommes: 4,98 décès pour 100 000 personnes; les personnes de plus de 69 ans: 33,12 décès pour 100 000 personnes; les Afro-Brésiliens: 5,25 décès pour 100 000 personnes; et les habitants de la région Centre-Ouest: 14,71 décès pour 100 000 personnes. CONCLUSION:Les maladies tropicales négligées représentent des causes de décès importantes et un grave problème de santé publique au Brésil. Des mesures de lutte intégrées et intensives sont nécessaires dans les régions qui présentent une morbidité et une mortalité élevées. OBJETIVO:Describir la mortalidad de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas en Brasil, 2000–2011. MÉTODOS:Se extrajo información referente a la causa del fallecimiento, edad, sexo, etnia y lugar de residencia del sistema de información de la mortalidad nacional del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Se seleccionaron fallecimientos en los que la causa subyacente de la muerte fue una enfermedad tropical desatendida, según las define la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y en base a los códigos de la Décima Revisión de la Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades y Problemas Relacionados con la Salud (CIE-10). En el caso de enfermedades tropicales desatendidas concretas, se estimaron las tasas de mortalidad brutas y ajustadas por edades y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95%. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad brutas y ajustadas por edades y las razones de tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad, sexo, etnia y zona geográfica. RESULTADOS:Durante el periodo de estudio de 12 años, se registraron 12 491 280 fallecimientos; 76 847 fallecimientos (0,62%) fueron causados por enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. La causa de fallecimiento más común fue la enfermedad de Chagas (58 928 fallecimientos; 76,7%), seguida de la esquistosomiasis (6319 fallecimientos; 8,2%) y la leishmaniasis (3466 fallecimientos; 4,5%). La media de mortalidad anual ajustada por edades de todas las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas combinadas fue de 4,30 fallecimientos por cada 100 000 habitantes (IC del 95%: 4,21–4,40). Las tasas fueron más altas en los hombres: 4,98 fallecimientos por cada 100 000 habitantes; personas mayores de 69 años: 33,12 fallecimientos por cada 100 000 habitantes; afrobrasileños: 5,25 fallecimientos por cada 100 000 habitantes; y residentes en la región centro-oeste: 14,71 fallecimientos por cada 100 000 habitantes. CONCLUSIÓN:Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas son importantes causas de fallecimiento y son un problema de salud pública significativo en Brasil. Existe la necesidad de tomar medidas de control intensivas integradas en zonas de morbilidad y mortalidad altas. الغرض:وصف معدّل الوفيات الناتجة عن الأمراض المدارية التي لا تلقى الاهتمام اللازم (NTD) في البرازيل، في الفترة من عام 2000 إلى عام 2011. الطريقة:قمنا باستخلاص المعلومات المتعلقة بسبب الوفاة والعمر والنوع والعِرق ومحل الإقامة من النظام الوطني للمعلومات عن الوفيات التابع لوزارة الصحة البرازيلية. وقد اخترنا الوفيات التي وقعت نتيجة لأحد الأمراض المدارية التي لا تلقى الاهتمام اللازم (NTD) وفقًا للتعريف الصادر عن منظمة الصحة العالمية، وبناءً على الرموز الواردة في تصنيفها الدولي الإحصائي للأمراض والمشاكل الصحية ذات الصلة، في المراجعة العاشرة (ICD-10) لها. أما بالنسبة لحالات محددة من الأمراض المدارية التي لا تلقى الاهتمام اللازم (NTD)، قمنا بتقدير معدلات الوفيات الخام ومعدلات الوفيات المعدّلة بحسب الأعمار ونسب الأرجحية (CI) بمقدار 95%. وقمنا بحساب معدلات الوفيات الخام ومعدلات الوفيات المعدّلة بحسب الأعمار ونسب معدلات الوفيات بحسب العمر، والنوع، والعِرق، والموقع الجغرافي. النتائج:في خلال فترة الدراسة التي أجريت على مدار 12 عامًا، تم تسجيل 12 491 280 حالة وفاة؛ وقد نتجت 76 847 حالة وفاة (بنسبة 0.62%) عن الأمراض المدارية التي لا تلقى الاهتمام اللازم. وكان مرض شاغاس هو سبب الوفاة الأكثر شيوعًا (بمعدل 58 928 حالة وفاة؛ وبنسبة 76.7%)، يليه داء البلهارسيا (بمعدل 6319 حالة وفاة؛ ونسبة 8.2%)، وداء الليشمانيات (بمعدل 3466 حالة وفاة؛ ونسبة 4.5%). وكان متوسط معدل الوفيات المعدّلة بحسب الأعمار والناتجة عن جميع الأمراض المدارية التي لا تلقى الاهتمام اللازم مجتمعة هو 4.30 حالة وفاة من بين 100 000 شخص من السكان (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95%: 4.21–4.40). كانت المعدلات أكبر بين الذكور: 4.98 حالة وفاة من بين 100 000 شخص؛ الأشخاص الأكبر من 69 عامًا: 33.12 حالة وفاة من بين 100 000 شخص؛ البرازيليون من أصول أفريقية: 5.25 حالة وفاة من بين 100 000 شخص؛ والمقيمون في المنطقة المركزية الغربية: 14.71 حالة وفاة من بين 100 000 شخص. الاستنتاج:تعد الأمراض المدارية التي لا تلقى الاهتمام اللازم من ضمن الأسباب المهمة لحدوث الوفيات وتمثل مشكلة صحية عامة كبيرة في البرازيل. وهناك حاجة لاتخاذ تدابير المكافحة المتكاملة المكثفة في المناطق التي تعاني من معدلات عالية من الإصابة بالأمراض والوفيات. 目的:旨在描述 2000 年至 2011 年巴西被忽视热带疾病 (NTDs) 死亡率。. 方法:我们从巴西卫生部全国死亡率系统提取死亡、年龄、性别、种族和居住地信息。并根据世界卫生组织的相关界定和《国际疾病伤害及死因分类标准》第 10 版 (ICD-10) 中内容,选取死亡原因为被忽视热带疾病 (NTDs) 的死亡案例。对于特定的被忽视热带疾病 (NTDs),我们估计其年龄标准化粗死亡率,和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。并计算了年龄标准化粗死亡率和按年龄、性别、种族和地理区域划分的死亡率。. 结果:通过 12 年的研究,共记录了 12 491 280 例死亡;其中 76 847 例是由被忽视热带疾病 (NTDs) 引起的。恰加斯病是最常见的死亡原因(58 928 例;76.7%);其次是血吸虫病(6319 例;8.2%)和利什曼病(3466 例;4.5%)。所有涉及被忽视热带疾病 (NTDs) 的年龄标准化平均年死亡率是每 100000 例占 4.3 例 95% 置信区间 (CI):4.21–4.40). 男性死亡率更高:每 100000 例占 4.98 例;69 岁以上人群:每 100000 例占 33.12 例;非裔巴西人:每 100000 例占 5.25 例;中西部地区:每 100000 例占 14.71 例。. 结论:被忽视热带疾病 (NTDs) 是巴西重要的死亡原因,而且是非常严重的公众健康问题。需加强对高发病率和高死亡率地区的综合措施管控。. Цель:Определить смертность от остающихся без внимания тропических болезней (ОВТБ) в Бразилии за период 2000–2011 гг. Методы:Из национальной информационной системы по смертности Министерства здравоохранения Бразилии была получена информация о причине смерти, возрасте, поле, национальности и месте проживания умершего. Были выбраны смерти, исходной причиной которых были остающиеся без внимания тропические болезни (ОВТБ) в соответствии с определением Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) и на основании ее Международной статистической классификации болезней и проблем, связанных со здоровьем, 10-е  переработанное и исправленное издание (МКБ-10). Для отдельных ОВТБ были подсчитаны общий и стандартизированный по возрасту уровни смертности и 95%-е доверительные интервалы (ДИ). Были подсчитаны общий и стандартизированный по возрасту уровни смертности и коэффициенты смертности по возрасту, полу, национальности и географическому району. Результаты:За 12-летний период исследования было зарегистрировано 12 491 280 смертей; причиной 76 847 смертей (0,62%) были ОВТБ. Болезнь Шагаса была наиболее распространенной причиной смерти (58 928 смертей; 76,7%), менее распространенными были шистосомоз (6319 смертей; 8,2%) и лейшманиоз (3466 смертей; 4,5%). Средняя годовая стандартизированная по возрасту смертность от всех ОВТБ в совокупности составила 4,3 смерти на 100 000 человек населения (95%-й ДИ: 4,21–4,40). Уровень смертности был выше среди мужчин: 4,98 смерти на 100 000; среди людей в возрасте старше 69 лет: 33,12 смерти на 100 000; среди афробразильцев: 5,25 смерти на 100 000; среди жителей Центрально-Западного региона: 14,71 смерти на 100 000.

authors

Martins-Melo FR,Ramos AN Jr,Alencar CH,Heukelbach J

doi

10.2471/BLT.15.152363

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-02-01 00:00:00

pages

103-10

issue

2

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.15.152363

journal_volume

94

pub_type

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    更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00

  • CERTAIN characteristics of BCG-induced tuberculin sensitivity.

    abstract::Post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity is being used to evaluate the immediate effects of the extensive WHO/UNICEF mass BCG vaccination programmes currently in progress. During the past five years the Tuberculosis Research Office has been studying the tuberculin sensitivity produced by BCG vaccination, and the presen...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors:

    更新日期:1955-01-01 00:00:00

  • Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by agglutination assays: a cost-effective technique for developing countries.

    abstract::There is a need for additional data on the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in developing countries. We report the use of a coagglutination (COA) and a latex agglutination (LA) test for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae which were evaluated using 114 clinical isolates in Vellore, India. In tests to serotype 30...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Lalitha MK,Pai R,John TJ,Thomas K,Jesudason MV,Brahmadathan KN,Sridharan G,Steinhoff MC

    更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00

  • Host-feeding patterns and behaviour of 4 Culex species in an endemic area of Japanese encephalitis.

    abstract::Studies were made on the host-feeding patterns and behaviour of 4 Culex species in China (Province of Taiwan) to further assess their importance as vectors of Japanese encephalitis. A relatively unbiased, non-attractant technique (vacuum sweep-net) was used for collecting mosquitos resting outdoors on rural premises; ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Mitchell CJ,Chen PS,Boreham PF

    更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00

  • Physical growth of children and adolescents in China over the past 35 years.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine if economic development in China correlates with physical growth among Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS:The height, body weight and physical activity level of children and adolescents aged 18 years and under, as well as dietary data, were obtained from seven large surveys conducted in Chi...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.13.126243

    authors: Zong XN,Li H

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • A programme to improve quality of care for patients with chronic diseases, Kazakhstan.

    abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effect of a disease management programme in Kazakhstan on quality indicators for patients with hypertension, diabetes and chronic heart failure. Methods:A supportive, interdisciplinary, quality improvement programme was implemented between November 2014 and November 2015 at seven polyclinics ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.18.227447

    authors: Chan BT,Rauscher C,Issina AM,Kozhageldiyeva LH,Kuzembaeva DD,Davis CL,Kravchenko H,Hindmarsh M,McGowan J,Kulkaeva G

    更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00

  • Mortality from neonatal tetanus in Indonesia: results of two surveys.

    abstract::Two, 30-cluster, retrospective surveys of deaths from neonatal tetanus in Indonesia were conducted during 1982. The first survey, in the city of Jakarta, identified 16 deaths from neonatal tetanus among 2310 live births, giving a mortality rate of 6.9 per 1000 live births. The second survey covered 19 of Indonesia's 2...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Arnold RB,Soewarso TI,Karyadi A

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • The simulium control scheme at Abuja, Northern Nigeria, and its effect on the prevalence of onchocerciasis in the area.

    abstract::This account of the conduct of the Similium Control Scheme at Abuja, Northern Nigeria, over the period 1956-66 shows that, by larvicide treatment of some 160 km of rivers with DDT in the early wet season, the Simulium damnosum density has been reduced by about 90% of its precontrol level each year over an area of more...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Davies JB

    更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00

  • Control of tuberculosis in an urban setting in Nepal: public-private partnership.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To implement and evaluate a public-private partnership to deliver the internationally recommended strategy DOTS for the control of tuberculosis (TB) in Lalitpur municipality, Nepal, where it is estimated that 50% of patients with TB are managed in the private sector. METHODS:A local working group developed ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Newell JN,Pande SB,Baral SC,Bam DS,Malla P

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • Mapping Africa's advanced public health education capacity: the AfriHealth project.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Literature on human resources for health in Africa has focused on personal health services. Little is known about graduate public health education. This paper maps "advanced" public health education in Africa. Public health includes all professionals needed to manage and optimize health systems and the public...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/blt.07.045526

    authors: Ijsselmuiden CB,Nchinda TC,Duale S,Tumwesigye NM,Serwadda D

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00