Physical growth of children and adolescents in China over the past 35 years.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To examine if economic development in China correlates with physical growth among Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS:The height, body weight and physical activity level of children and adolescents aged 18 years and under, as well as dietary data, were obtained from seven large surveys conducted in China between 1975 and 2010. Chinese economic development indicators were obtained from the World Bank. Trends in body weight, height, economic data and diet were examined. Tests were conducted to check for correlations between height at 17 years of age and three indicators of economic development: gross domestic product, urbanization and infant mortality rate. Regional differences in physical growth were assessed. FINDINGS:Between 1975 and 2010, the growth of children and adolescents improved in tandem with economic development. The largest increment in height was observed during the period of puberty. Regional inequalities in nutritional status were correlated with disparities in economic development among regions. Over the past two decades, undernutrition declined among children less than 5 years of age, but in 2010 underweight and stunting were still common in poor rural areas. A large increase in obesity was observed in both urban and rural areas, but especially in large cities and, more recently, in small and medium-sized cities and affluent rural areas. CONCLUSION:The average weight of children and adolescents has been increasing progressively since the 1970s. Current strategies to combat both child undernutrition and obesity need to be improved, especially in poor rural areas. OBJECTIF:Examiner si le développement économique en Chine est corrélé avec la croissance physique chez les enfants et adolescents chinois. MÉTHODES:La taille, le poids et le niveau d'activité physique des enfants et adolescents âgés de 18 ans et moins, ainsi que les données relatives à leur alimentation, ont été obtenus à partir de 7 grandes études menées en Chine entre 1975 et 2010. Les indicateurs du développement économique chinois ont été obtenus auprès de la Banque mondiale. Les tendances en matière de taille, de poids, des données économiques et de l'alimentation ont été examinées. Des tests ont été effectués pour vérifier les corrélations entre la taille à l'âge à 17 ans et 3 indicateurs du développement économique: le produit national brut, le taux d'urbanisation et le taux de mortalité infantile. Les différences régionales en matière de croissance physique ont été analysées. RÉSULTATS:Entre 1975 et 2010, la croissance des enfants s'est améliorée en tandem avec le développement économique. La plus grande augmentation de taille a été observée pendant la puberté. Les inégalités régionales en matière d'alimentation ont été corrélées avec les disparités du développement économique existant entre les régions. Au cours des 2 dernières décennies, la dénutrition a diminué chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans, mais en 2010, les insuffisances pondérales et les retards de croissance étaient toujours courants dans les zones rurales pauvres. Une forte augmentation de l'obésité a été observée à la fois dans les zones urbaines et rurales, mais particulièrement dans les grandes villes et, plus récemment, dans les villes de petite et moyenne taille et dans les zones rurales riches. CONCLUSION:Le poids moyen des enfants et adolescents a augmenté progressivement depuis les années 1970. Les stratégies actuelles de lutte contre la dénutrition et l'obésité chez les enfants doivent être améliorées, en particulier dans les zones rurales pauvres. OBJETIVO:Examinar si el desarrollo económico de China está relacionado con el crecimiento físico entre los niños y adolescentes chinos. MÉTODOS:Se obtuvieron datos sobre la altura, el peso y el nivel de actividad física de niños y adolescentes hasta 18 años, así como datos sobre la dieta, a partir de siete grandes encuestas llevadas a cabo en China entre 1975 y 2010. Los indicadores del desarrollo económico chino se obtuvieron del Banco Mundial. Se examinaron las tendencias en el peso corporal, la altura, los datos económicos y la dieta. Se realizaron pruebas para comprobar la correlación entre la altura a los 17 años de edad y tres indicadores del desarrollo económico: el producto interior bruto, la urbanización y la tasa de mortalidad infantil, y se evaluaron las diferencias regionales en el crecimiento físico. RESULTADOS:Entre 1975 y 2010, el crecimiento de los niños mejoró a la par que el desarrollo económico. El mayor incremento en la altura se observó durante la pubertad. Las desigualdades regionales en el estado nutricional se correlacionaron con las diferencias de desarrollo económico entre las regiones. En las últimas dos décadas, la desnutrición disminuyó entre los niños menores de cinco años, pero, en 2010, una talla y peso bajos seguían siendo frecuentes en zonas rurales pobres. Se observó un gran aumento de la obesidad tanto en zonas urbanas como rurales, pero especialmente en las grandes ciudades y, más recientemente, en ciudades pequeñas y medianas y en zonas rurales prósperas. CONCLUSIÓN:El peso medio de los niños y adolescentes ha ido aumentando progresivamente desde la década de 1970. Es necesario mejorar las estrategias actuales para combatir tanto la desnutrición como la obesidad infantil, particularmente, en las zonas rurales pobres. الغرض:دراسة ما إذا كانت التنمية الاقتصادية في الصين ترتبط بالنمو البدني بين الأطفال والمراهقين في الصين. الطريقة:تم الحصول على طول الأطفال والمراهقين في سن 18 سنة فأقل وأوزان أجسامهم ومستوى نشاطهم البدني، بالإضافة إلى بيانات النظام الغذائي، من سبع دراسات استقصائية كبرى تم إجراؤها في الصين في الفترة بين عامي 1975 و2010. وتم الحصول على مؤشرات التنمية الاقتصادية في الصين من البنك الدولي. وتم دراسة الاتجاهات في وزن الجسم والطول والبيانات الاقتصادية والنظام الغذائي. وأجريت الاختبارات للكشف عن الارتباطات بين الطول في سن 17 عاماً ومؤشرات التنمية الاقتصادية الثلاثة: الناتج المحلي الإجمالي والتوسع العمراني ومعدل وفيات الرضع. وتم تقييم الاختلافات في النمو البدني بين الأقاليم. النتائج:تحسن نمو الأطفال بين عامي 1975 و2010 بالترادف مع التنمية الاقتصادية. ولوحظت أقصى زيادة في الطول خلال فترة البلوغ. وارتبطت التباينات في الحالة التغذوية بين الأقاليم بالفوارق في التنمية الاقتصادية بين الأقاليم. وعلى مدار العقدين المنصرمين، انخفض نقص التغذية بين الأطفال الأقل من خمسة سنوات ولكن في عام 2010 ظل نقص الوزن والتقزم شائعين في المناطق الريفية الفقيرة. ولوحظت زيادة كبيرة في السمنة في المناطق الحضرية والريفية على حد سواء، وبالأخص في المدن الكبيرة، وفي الآونة الأخيرة لوحظت في المدن الصغيرة ومتوسطة الحجم والمناطق الريفية الغنية. الاستنتاج:يزداد متوسط وزن الأطفال والمراهقين تدريجياً منذ سبعينيات القرن العشرين. ويجب تحسين الاستراتيجيات الراهنة لمكافحة نقص التغذية والسمنة لدى الأطفال، لا سيما في المناطق الريفية الفقيرة. 目的:调查中国的经济发展是否与中国儿童和青少年体格发育有关联。 方法:从1975到2010年在中国开展的七个大型调查中获取18岁及以下儿童和青少年的身高、体重和身体活动水平以及饮食数据。从世界银行获取中国经济发展指标。调查体重、身高、经济数据和饮食的趋势。执行检验以检查17岁青少年身高和三项经济发展指标(国内生产总值、城市化和婴儿死亡率)之间的相关性。评估体格发育的地区差异。 结果:1975至2010年间,儿童发育随经济发展同步改善。据观察,青春期身高增长最大。地区营养状态不均衡与各个地区经济发展差异有关。在过去二十年中,五岁以下孩子营养不良状况减少,但是在2010年,贫穷农村地区依然普遍存在体重不足和生长迟缓的现象。城市和农村地区都出现大幅增加的肥胖儿童,但在大城市尤其如此,这种情况最近在中小城市和富裕的农村地区也凸显出来。 结论:自二十世纪七十年代以来,儿童和青少年的平均体重逐步增加。必须改进当前应对儿童营养不良和肥胖症的策略,在贫穷乡村地区尤其如此。 Цель:Определить, коррелирует ли экономическое развитие в Китае с физическим ростом китайских детей и подростков. Методы:Рост, вес тела и уровень физической активности детей и подростков в возрасте до 18 лет, а также данные по питанию были получены из семи крупных исследований, проведенных в Китае в период с 1975 по 2010 гг. Показатели экономического развития Китая были получены от Всемирного банка. В ходе исследования были рассмотрены изменения показателей массы тела, роста, экономических данных, а также режим питания. Были проведены исследования корреляции роста детей в возрасте 17 лет с тремя показателями экономического развития: валовым внутренним продуктом, уровнем урбанизации и младенческой смертностью. Проведена оценка региональных различий в физическом развитии. Результаты:В период с 1975 по 2010 гг. рост детей улучшался в соответствии с экономическим развитием. Самый интенсивный рост наблюдался в период полового созревания. Региональные неравенства в уровне питания коррелировали с различиями в экономическом развитии регионов. За последние два десятилетия уровень недостаточного питания снизился среди детей в возрасте до пяти лет, но в 2010 году дефицит массы тела и задержка в росте все еще были широко распространены в бедных сельских районах. Значительное увеличение числа людей, имеющих ожирение, наблюдалось как в городских, так и в сельских районах, но особенно в крупных городах, а в последнее время в малых и средних городах и богатых сельских районах. Вывод:Начиная с 1970-х годов постепенно увеличивается средний вес детей и подростков. Необходимо совершенствование используемых стратегий по борьбе как с детским недоеданием, так и ожирением, особенно в бедных сельских районах.

authors

Zong XN,Li H

doi

10.2471/BLT.13.126243

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-08-01 00:00:00

pages

555-64

issue

8

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.13.126243

journal_volume

92

pub_type

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    pub_type: 评论,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Pless R

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • The trend of tuberculosis in Japan during the period 1953-64. Comparison of the results of tuberculosis prevalence surveys.

    abstract::Nation-wide tuberculosis prevalence surveys were conducted by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1953, 1958 and 1963, using the stratified random sampling method. Follow-up surveys were made on one-third of the areas surveyed in the previous year in 1954, 1959 and 1964. In this paper the results of surveys...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Wakamatsu E,Oka H,Kumabe H,Kobayashi A

    更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00

  • A single-radial-immunodiffusion technique for the assay of influenza haemagglutinin antigen. Proposals for an assay method for the haemagglutinin content of influenza vaccines.

    abstract::Single-radial-diffusion techniques are proposed as possible alternatives to tests based on agglutination of erythrocytes for the assay of the haemagglutinin content of influenza vaccines. Two test procedures (microtest and macrotest) and the use of reference reagents to assay vaccines using these tests are described. ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Schild GC,Wood JM,Newman RW

    更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of flea control on Yersinia (Pasteurella) pestis antibody rates in the California vole, Microtus californicus, and its epizootiological implications.

    abstract::The effects of flea control on the prevalence of (Pasteurella) pestis antibody rates in the California vole, Microtus californicus, were studied in San Mateo County, California, USA. In this area, which had shown antibody prevalence rates of 50% or more during epizootics in previous years, continuous flea control meas...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Kartman L,Hudson BW

    更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00

  • Using a geographical information system to plan a malaria control programme in South Africa.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sustainable control of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is jeopardized by dwindling public health resources resulting from competing health priorities that include an overwhelming acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. In Mpumalanga province, South Africa, rational planning has historically been ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Booman M,Durrheim DN,La Grange K,Martin C,Mabuza AM,Zitha A,Mbokazi FM,Fraser C,Sharp BL

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00