Abstract：
:The effects of flea control on the prevalence of (Pasteurella) pestis antibody rates in the California vole, Microtus californicus, were studied in San Mateo County, California, USA. In this area, which had shown antibody prevalence rates of 50% or more during epizootics in previous years, continuous flea control measures reduced the antibody rate to virtually zero and held it at that level for 12 months, although a nearby area showed an incidence of 40-80% seropositive voles for 5 months during the same period. The striking correlation between the reduction of the flea population and the decline of Y. pestis antibody rates suggests that in the area studied there is no evidence that soil, or any factor other than the flea vector, was the agent of transmission of the infective agent in wild rodents.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Kartman L,Hudson BWsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1971-01-01 00:00:00pages
295-301issue
3eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Some of the acute diarrhoeas of man are specific infectious diseases. Another and major proportion have no demonstrated infectious agent. No characteristic clinical pattern regularly distinguishes one specific disease entity from another, nor specific from non-specific infections, nor epidemic from endemic disease. Si...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two regimens of fluid and electrolyte therapy were studied in children with severe cholera and noncholera diarrhoea. In one, lactated Ringer's solution was the sole intravenous fluid, additional water, glucose, and potassium being given by mouth. In the other, three different intravenous solutions were employed to mee...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents estimates of the prevalence of visual impairment and its causes in 2002, based on the best available evidence derived from recent studies. Estimates were determined from data on low vision and blindness as defined in the International statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of d...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：/S0042-96862004001100009
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a developing country. METHODS:The work was carried out in three hospitals for primary cases and in the community for secondary cases in the western region of the Gambia, West Africa. RSV infection was diagnosed by immunofluorescen...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author reviews the published findings on the carriage of Staphylococcus pyogenes var. aureus during the last two decades, dealing mainly with observations made in British Commonwealth countries, Scandinavia and the USA. The importance of the role played by staphylococcal carriers in the spread of infection both in...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While an earlier live measles vaccine induced a high degree of immunity it also caused clinical reactions of variable severity in some vaccinated children. A number of attenuated measles vaccine strains have been developed to avoid these problems, and this paper reports the results of small-scale trials with 3 attenua...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To explore excess paediatric mortality after discharge from Kilifi District Hospital, Kenya, and its duration and risk factors. METHODS:Hospital and demographic data were used to describe post-discharge mortality and survival probability in children aged < 15 years, by age group and clinical syndrome. Cox re...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.11.089235
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Present methods of controlling meningococcal cerebrospinal meningitis have failed to contain the disease. This has led to the search for effective vaccines and to the development of methods for assaying the potency of these vaccines, as well as for measuring the immune response of the individual. The feasibility of us...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study is devoted to a general discussion of the role of bacteriophagy in cholera. The author examines early and late observations, indicating that a new epoch in the history of the subject began in 1927, when large-scale investigations on cholera bacteriophagy were started in India. The main results are set out u...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This report concerns the host's reactions to the presence of the parasite both in the course of the natural disease and during drug treatment. The various stages of Onchocerca volvulus are discussed in terms of the type of tissue reaction seen. The discussion then turns to basic hypotheses concerning the etiology of t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been shown by numerous workers to be antigenically heterogeneous, a series of experiments has been started to identify some of the different antigens likely to be useful in laboratory tests for measuring the antibodies in human blood. The work involves the fracti...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The source (species of origin), type, and subgroup (where applicable) of the immunoglobulin chain are indicated prior to the numbers of the first and last amino acid residues comprising the synthesized sequence (stated in parentheses), e.g., human gamma 1 (289-298) or rat epsilon (143-147). Square brackets indicate th...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the rates, timing and causes of neonatal deaths and the burden of stillbirths in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. We discuss the implications of our findings for neonatal interventions. METHODS:We used verbal autopsy interviews to investigate 1048 neonatal deaths and stillbirths. FINDINGS:There were 43...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.05.026443
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The international unit of colistin methane sulfonate has been defined by collaborative assay as the activity contained in 0.00007874 mg of the international reference preparation. The definition was based on results from 7 laboratories in 5 countries which carried out assays against their existing national standards. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was made on the effect of undernutrition on the immunological responses of mice to TAB and BCG vaccines. The mice were fed a diet comprising chapati and germinated grams; one group was fed ad libitum while another was given half the quantity consumed by the first group. The undernourished mice showed a poor im...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between cardiovascular characteristics and mortality was investigated in an epidemiological study of heart disease in a representative adult rural community in Jamaica. Of 449 men and 469 women followed up for 5 years, 36 men and 28 women died and the data concerning their status as regards arterial p...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the extent to which the community-directed approach used in onchocerciasis control in Africa could effectively and efficiently provide integrated delivery of other health interventions. METHODS:A three-year experimental study was undertaken in 35 health districts from 2005 to 2007 in seven resea...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.2471/BLT.09.069203
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A collaborative study on the laboratory diagnosis of trachoma was carried out in three laboratories. A standardized complement fixation (CF) test with chlamydial (bedsonial) group antigen was found to be highly reproducible. The results obtained by different laboratories using the method and reagents suggested by the ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present, larvicidal attack is the only feasible measure for the control of Culex pipiens fatigans. However, in the cities of the tropics, which are the principal sites of the filariasis problem, this has usually been a losing battle. The proper method of larval control is to eliminate the breeding sites; instead th...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Part 1 of this Memorandum appeared in Vol. 49, pages 81-91. Part 2 covers neoplasia of the bovine urinary bladder; tumours of unknown cause (including melanomas, osteosarcomas, mammary tumours, lymphosarcomas, mastocytomas, transmissible venereal tumours, and histiocytomas); and the applications of animal models in st...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To summarize the existing evidence on the efficacy of artemether and arteether, two artemisinin derivatives, versus quinine for treating cerebral malaria in children. METHODS:We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the http://clinicaltrials.gov web site. We also ch...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.08.060327
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early identification of children at high risk of diarrhoea-associated dehydration would be of great value to health care workers in developing countries. To identify prognostic factors for life-threatening dehydration, we carried out a case-control study among under-2-year-olds in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Cases were 192 ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To assess cash transfer interventions for improving treatment outcomes of active pulmonary tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. Methods:We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published until 4 August 2017 that reported on cash transfer interventions dur...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.208959
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a need for additional data on the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in developing countries. We report the use of a coagglutination (COA) and a latex agglutination (LA) test for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae which were evaluated using 114 clinical isolates in Vellore, India. In tests to serotype 30...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to obtain information, using a written questionnaire, on the knowledge, smoking behaviour, and attitudes of Costa Rican physicians about smoking as a health issue. A random sample of 650 physicians was chosen from a list of active physicians; 287 of them were covered by survey between August ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the socioeconomic, geographical and demographic inequities in the use of postnatal health-care services in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS:We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central databases and grey literature for experimental, quasi-experimental and observational studies that had...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.14.140996
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess its potential applications in plague surveillance and control programmes, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that captures the specific Yersinia pestis F1 antigen was used to determine the amounts of this antigen present in samples of blood and spleens from laboratory rats with acute plague, in the...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter presents the findings arrived at by applying the resource allocation model to tuberculosis control in the Republic of Korea. Optimum subprogrammes are obtained for the four objectives of the programme: reduction of disability, impairment, excess mortality, and economic loss. These subprogrammes are discus...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mental health services are becoming more widely available than ever before to the Syrian population in spite of the crisis. Dale Gavlak reports. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.16.020116
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the course of an investigation in 1962-64 into the natural occurrence of brucellosis among grey foxes in Argentina, agglutination tests were performed on 728 sera of the foxes Dusicyon gymnocercus antiquus and D. griseus griseus, captured in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Rio Negro. Agglutination titres of from ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
