Cash interventions to improve clinical outcomes for pulmonary tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract:

Objective:To assess cash transfer interventions for improving treatment outcomes of active pulmonary tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. Methods:We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published until 4 August 2017 that reported on cash transfer interventions during the treatment of active pulmonary tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. Our primary outcome was a positive clinical outcome, defined as treatment success, treatment completion or microbiologic cure. Using the purchasing power parity conversion factor, we converted the amount of cash received per patient within each study into international dollars (Int$). We calculated odds ratio (OR) for the primary outcome using a random effects meta-analysis. Findings:Eight studies met eligibility criteria for review inclusion. Seven studies assessed a tuberculosis-specific intervention, with average amount of cash ranging from Int$ 193-858. One study assessed a tuberculosis-sensitive intervention, with average amount of Int$ 101. Four studies included non-cash co-interventions. All studies showed better primary outcome for the intervention group than the control group. After excluding three studies with high risk of bias, patients receiving tuberculosis-specific cash transfer were more likely to have a positive clinical outcome than patients in the control groups (OR: 1.77; 95% confidence interval: 1.57-2.01). Conclusion:The evidence available suggests that patients in low- and middle-income countries receiving cash during treatment for active pulmonary tuberculosis are more likely to have a positive clinical outcome. These findings support the incorporation of cash transfer interventions into social protection schemes within tuberculosis treatment programmes. Objectif:Évaluer le rôle des interventions de transfert de fonds pour améliorer les résultats du traitement de la tuberculose pulmonaire active dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire. Méthodes:Nous avons recherché, dans les bases de données de PubMed®, d'Embase®, de ClinicalTrials.gov et de la Cochrane Library, des études publiées jusqu'au 4 août 2017 qui mentionnaient des interventions de transfert de fonds durant le traitement de la tuberculose pulmonaire active dans des pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire. Le critère principal pris en compte était l'obtention d'un résultat clinique positif, défini comme la réussite du traitement, l'achèvement du traitement ou la guérison microbiologique. À l'aide du taux de conversion en parité de pouvoir d'achat, nous avons converti le montant des fonds versés par patient dans chaque étude en dollars internationaux ($ int.). Nous avons calculé le rapport des cotes (RC) pour le critère principal au moyen d'une méta-analyse à effets aléatoires. Résultats:Huit études remplissaient les critères d'admissibilité permettant d'être incluses dans notre revue. Sept études évaluaient une intervention spécifique à la tuberculose, avec un montant moyen versé compris entre 193 et 858 $ int. Une étude évaluait une intervention prenant en compte la tuberculose, avec un montant moyen de 101 $ int. Quatre études comprenaient des co-interventions non financières. Toutes les études montraient un critère principal plus souvent atteint dans le groupe expérimental que dans le groupe témoin. Après avoir exclu trois études qui présentaient un risque de biais important, il est ressorti que les patients qui bénéficiaient de transferts de fonds spécifiques à la tuberculose étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir un résultat clinique positif que les patients des groupes témoins (RC: 1,77; intervalle de confiance de 95%: 1,57-2,01). Conclusion:Les données disponibles suggèrent que les patients des pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire qui reçoivent des sommes d'argent durant leur traitement contre la tuberculose pulmonaire active sont plus susceptibles d'avoir un résultat clinique positif. Ces conclusions vont dans le sens de l'intégration d'interventions de transfert de fonds dans les plans de protection sociale des programmes de traitement de la tuberculose. Objetivo:Evaluar las intervenciones de transferencias de efectivo para mejorar los resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar activa en los países con ingresos entre bajos y medios. Métodos:Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed®, Embase®, Cochrane Library y ClinicalTrials.gov en busca de estudios publicados hasta el 4 de agosto de 2017 que informaran sobre intervenciones de transferencias de efectivo durante el tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar activa en países con ingresos entre bajos y medios. El resultado principal fue un resultado clínico positivo, definido como éxito del tratamiento, finalización del tratamiento o curación microbiológica. Con el factor de conversión de paridad del poder adquisitivo, se convirtió la cantidad de dinero en efectivo recibido por paciente dentro de cada estudio en dólares internacionales. Se calculó el cociente de posibilidades (CP) para el resultado principal mediante un metanálisis de efectos aleatorios. Resultados:Ocho estudios cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad para ser incluidos en la revisión. Siete estudios evaluaron una intervención específica para la tuberculosis, con una cantidad promedio de efectivo que osciló entre 193 e 858 dólares internacionales. Un estudio evaluó una intervención sensible a la tuberculosis, con una cantidad promedio de 101 dólares internacionales. Cuatro estudios incluían cointervenciones no monetarias. Todos los estudios mostraron mejores resultados principales para el grupo de intervención que para el grupo control. Después de excluir tres estudios con alto riesgo de sesgo, los pacientes que recibieron una transferencia de efectivo específica para la tuberculosis tuvieron mayores probabilidades de obtener un resultado clínico positivo que los pacientes de los grupos control (CP: 1,77; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%: 1,57 a 2,01). Conclusión:Las pruebas disponibles indican que los pacientes de países con ingresos entre bajos y medios que reciben dinero en efectivo durante el tratamiento de la tuberculosis pulmonar activa tienen más probabilidades de obtener un resultado clínico positivo. Estas conclusiones apoyan la incorporación de las intervenciones de transferencias de efectivo en los planes de protección social dentro de los programas para el tratamiento de la tuberculosis. الغرض:تقييم تدخلات التحويلات النقدية الساعية إلى تحسين نتائج علاج السل الرئوي النشط في البلدان ذات الدخل المنخفض والمتوسط. الطريقة:لقد قمنا بالبحث في كل من PubMed®، وEmbase®، ومكتبة Cochrane Library، وClinicalTrials.gov، عن الدراسات المنشورة حتى 4 أغسطس/آب 2017، والتي تناولت تدخلات التحويلات النقدية أثناء علاج السل الرئوي النشط في البلدان ذات الدخل المنخفض والمتوسط. وكانت نتائجنا الأولية نتيجة سريرية إيجابية، تم تعريفها بأنها نجاح العلاج، أو إكمال العلاج، أو التعافي الميكروبيولوجي. وباستخدام معامل تحويل تعادل القوة الشرائية، قمنا بتحويل المبلغ النقدي المستلم لكل مريض في كل دراسة إلى دولار دولي. حسبنا نسبة الاحتمال (OR) للنتائج الأولية باستخدام التحليل التلوي العشوائي. النتائج:توافقت ثماني دراسات مع معايير الأهلية لتضمينها في المراجعة. قامت سبع دراسات بتقييم التدخل الخاص بمرض السل، مع متوسط مبلغ نقدي يتراوح من 193 إلى 858 دولاراً دولياً. وقيمت إحدى الدراسات التدخل الحساس لمرض السل، بمتوسط مبلغ قدره 101 دولاراً دولياً. شملت أربع دراسات التدخلات غير النقدية المشتركة. أظهرت جميع الدراسات نتائج أولية أفضل لمجموعة التدخل من المجموعة المرجعية. بعد استبعاد ثلاث دراسات ذات خطورة عالية للتحيز، كان المرضى الذين يتلقون تحويلات نقدية خاصة بالسل أكثر عرضة لتحقيق نتائج سريرية إيجابية من المرضى في المجموعات المرجعية (نسبة الأرجحية: 1.77؛ فاصل الثقة 95٪: من 1.57 إلى 2.01). الاستنتاج:تشير الأدلة المتاحة إلى أن المرضى في البلدان ذات الدخل المنخفض والمتوسط ، الذين يتلقون مبالغ نقدية أثناء علاجهم من مرض السل الرئوي النشط، هم أكثر عرضة لتحقيق نتائج سريرية إيجابية. تدعم هذه النتائج الاتجاه لدمج تدخلات التحويلات النقدية في نظم الحماية الاجتماعية ضمن برامج علاج مرض السل. 目的:评估通过现金转移干预措施以改善中低收入国家活动性肺结核的治疗效果。. 方法:在 PubMed®、Embase®、考克兰图书馆和美国临床试验数据库 (ClinicalTrials.gov) 搜索截至 2017 年 8 月 4 日发表的研究时,我们发现了报道的中低收入国家活动性肺结核治疗期间的现金转移干预。我们的主要成果是积极的临床疗效,因此而被定义为治疗成功、治疗完成或微生物学治疗。通过使用购买力平价换算,我们将每项研究中每名患者接收的现金数额换算成国际美元 (Int$)。我们采用随机效应荟萃分析法为主要结果计算了优势比。. 结果:其中,有八项研究符合纳入审查的资格标准。有七项研究评估了结核病专项干预,其平均现金数额从 193 至 858 国际美元不等。有一项研究评估了结核病敏感干预,其平均现金数额为 101 国际美元。有四项研究包含非现金共同干预。所有研究均表明干预组的主要结果优于对照组。通过排除三项具有高度偏见风险的研究,接收结核病专项现金转移的患者比控制组中的患者更可能出现积极的临床疗效(或:1.77;95% 置信区间:1.57–2.01)。. 结论:有效证据显示中低收入国家的患者在治疗活动性肺结核期间接收现金干预更有可能拥有积极的临床疗效。这些发现支持将结核病治疗方案中的现金转移干预纳入社会保障计划中。. Цель:Оценить влияние финансовой помощи на улучшение результатов лечения активного туберкулеза легких в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода. Методы:Авторы провели поиск в базах данных PubMed®, Embase®, Кохрановской библиотеке (Cochrane Library) и в реестре ClinicalTrials.gov на предмет исследований, опубликованных до 4 августа 2017 года, в которых сообщалось об оказании финансовой помощи в ходе лечения активного туберкулеза легких в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода. В качестве основного результата рассматривался положительный клинический исход, определяемый как эффективное лечение, завершение лечения или микробиологическое излечение. Используя коэффициент пересчета паритета покупательной способности, авторы перевели количество денежных средств, полученных каждым пациентом в рамках каждого исследования, в международные доллары. Авторы рассчитали отношение шансов (ОШ) для основного результата, используя метаанализ случайных эффектов. Результаты:Восемь исследований соответствовали критериям приемлемости для включения в обзор. В семи исследованиях оценивалась финансовая помощь, связанная с лечением туберкулеза, со средним количеством денежных средств в диапазоне от 193 до 858 международных долларов. В одном исследовании оценивалась финансовая помощь, связанная с лечением туберкулеза, со средним количеством денежных средств, равным 101 международному доллару. Четыре исследования включали неденежные совместные вмешательства. Во всех исследованиях для группы вмешательства наблюдался лучший основной результат по сравнению с контрольной группой. После исключения трех исследований с высоким риском систематической ошибки было обнаружено, что у пациентов, получающих финансовую помощь, связанную с лечением туберкулеза, чаще наблюдался положительный клинический исход, чем у пациентов в контрольных группах (ОШ: 1,77; 95%-й ДИ: 1,57–2,01). Вывод:Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что у пациентов в странах с низким и средним уровнем дохода, получающих финансовую помощь во время лечения активного туберкулеза легких, чаще наблюдается положительный клинический исход. Эти результаты подтверждают рациональность включения финансовой помощи в схемы социальной защиты в рамках программ лечения туберкулеза.

authors

Richterman A,Steer-Massaro J,Jarolimova J,Luong Nguyen LB,Werdenberg J,Ivers LC

doi

10.2471/BLT.18.208959

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-07-01 00:00:00

pages

471-483

issue

7

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.18.208959

journal_volume

96

pub_type

杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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    doi:10.2471/BLT.15.152363

    authors: Martins-Melo FR,Ramos AN Jr,Alencar CH,Heukelbach J

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • Sequential application of ultra-low-volume ground aerosols of fenitrothion for sustained control of Aedes aegypti.

    abstract::A trial was carried out of the efficacy of fenitrothion ultra-low-volume aerosol applied by vehicle-mounted cold aerosol generator for the control of Aedes aegypti. Five applications of fenitrothion at intervals of 11-49 days at dosages of 511-1 095 ml/ha gave sustained control for 4-5 months in an area of some 14 ha ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Pant CP,Nelson MJ,Mathis HL

    更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00

  • Geochemical environments, trace elements, and cardiovascular diseases.

    abstract::Cardiovascular diseases are often found to be associated with certain physicochemical characteristics of the environment-namely, the hardness of the water and the types of rock and soil underlying the area. Areas supplied with soft water usually have higher cardiovascular death rates than do areas supplied with hard w...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Masironi R,Miesch AT,Crawford MD,Hamilton EI

    更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00

  • How important are airfreight rates and vaccine packaging in cost-saving efforts for the Expanded Programme on Immunization?

    abstract::Vaccines constitute the single most important cost factor in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Mozambique and in view of future new disease-control initiatives, the proportional expenditure on vaccines will only increase. Airfreight may contribute up to at least 25% of the total cost of delivered vaccine...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Schreuder B,Arentsen H,Matosse M

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • Research synthesis and dissemination as a bridge to knowledge management: the Cochrane Collaboration.

    abstract::In the current information age, research synthesis is a particularly useful tool for keeping track of scientific research and making sense of the large volumes of frequently conflicting data derived from primary studies. The Cochrane Collaboration is a global initiative "to help people make well-informed decisions abo...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Volmink J,Siegfried N,Robertson K,Gülmezoglu AM

    更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00

  • Outlines of a concept of industrial psychiatry.

    abstract::The author sees the task of industrial psychiatry as one of preventing emotional maladjustment and the more serious mental disorders in the industrial population, and of treating early cases of emotional disorders. He classifies the preventive functions as: giving "emotional" first-aid, holding psychiatric consultatio...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: MINDUS E

    更新日期:1955-01-01 00:00:00

  • Rates, timing and causes of neonatal deaths in rural India: implications for neonatal health programmes.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the rates, timing and causes of neonatal deaths and the burden of stillbirths in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. We discuss the implications of our findings for neonatal interventions. METHODS:We used verbal autopsy interviews to investigate 1048 neonatal deaths and stillbirths. FINDINGS:There were 43...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/blt.05.026443

    authors: Baqui AH,Darmstadt GL,Williams EK,Kumar V,Kiran TU,Panwar D,Srivastava VK,Ahuja R,Black RE,Santosham M

    更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00

  • Bacterial infections in suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions.

    abstract::In Iran, microscopic examination of skin scrapings from 2202 individuals with clinically diagnosed cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions revealed the presence of amastigotes in 1123 cases (51.0%). Bacteriological examinations of the lesions indicated that 788 individuals (35.7%) were also infected with one or more path...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Edrissian GH,Mohammadi M,Kanani A,Afshar A,Hafezi R,Ghorbani M,Gharagozloo AR

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine administered in mass campaigns versus routine immunization programmes.

    abstract::Reported are the results of a study to investigate the immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) when administered in mass campaigns compared with that following routine immunization programmes. For this purpose, paired sera were collected from a cohort of children before and after a mass vaccination with OPV in...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Richardson G,Linkins RW,Eames MA,Wood DJ,Campbell PJ,Ankers E,Deniel M,Kabbaj A,Magrath DI,Minor PD

    更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00

  • A comprehensive assessment of maternal deaths in Argentina: translating multicentre collaborative research into action.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To perform a comprehensive assessment of maternal mortality in Argentina, the ultimate purpose being to strengthen the surveillance system and reorient reproductive health policies to prevent maternal deaths. METHODS:Our multicentre population-based study combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.2471/blt.06.032334

    authors: Ramos S,Karolinski A,Romero M,Mercer R,Maternal Mortality in Argentina Study Group.

    更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00