Monographs for medicines on WHO's Model List of Essential Medicines.

Abstract:

Objective:To raise awareness about the importance of public pharmaceutical standards, identify if and, if so, where current pharmacopeias are falling short in the development of new and complete monographs and foster collaboration among the various pharmacopeias, to prioritize, develop and make available standards for those key medicines for which no complete monographs exist. Methods:In August 2017, we mined eight pharmacopeias to identify which of the 669 medicines in the 20th edition of the World Health Organization's Model List of Essential Medicines were covered by complete or incomplete monographs. The pharmacopeias we included were the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia, the British Pharmacopoeia, the Indian Pharmacopeia Commission, the International Pharmacopoeia, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, the Mexican Pharmacopoeia, the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China and the United States Pharmacopeia. Findings:For 99 (15%) of the medicines on the Model List, no monographs were available in any of the eight pharmacopeias investigated. Only 3% (1/30) of the cardiovascular medicines listed, but 28% (9/32) of the antiretroviral medicines and 23% (6/26) of the antimalarial medicines lacked monographs. Conclusion:There appear to be no public standards for many so-called essential medicines. To address this shortfall, a greater collaboration in the global health community is needed. Objectif:Sensibiliser à l'importance des normes pharmaceutiques publiques, déterminer si certaines pharmacopées actuelles présentent des lacunes concernant l'élaboration de nouvelles monographies complètes et, si tel est le cas, lesquelles, et encourager la collaboration entre les différentes pharmacopées pour hiérarchiser, élaborer et publier des normes à l'égard des médicaments essentiels pour lesquels il n'existe aucune monographie complète. Méthodes:En août 2017, nous avons analysé huit pharmacopées pour déterminer quels médicaments parmi les 669 inclus dans la 20e édition de la Liste modèle de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé des médicaments essentiels étaient couverts par des monographies complètes ou incomplètes. Les pharmacopées analysées étaient la Pharmacopée brésilienne, la Pharmacopée britannique, la Commission de la Pharmacopée indienne, la Pharmacopée internationale, la Pharmacopée japonaise, la Pharmacopée mexicaine, la Pharmacopée de la République populaire de Chine et la Pharmacopée des États-Unis. Résultats:Dans le cas de 99 (15%) médicaments inclus dans la Liste modèle, aucune monographie n'était disponible dans aucune des huit pharmacopées analysées. Seuls 3% (1/30) des médicaments cardiovasculaires inclus, mais 28% (9/32) des médicaments antirétroviraux et 23% (6/26) des médicaments antipaludiques n'étaient associés à aucune monographie. Conclusion:Il semblerait qu'il n'existe aucune norme publique pour de nombreux médicaments jugés essentiels. Afin de combler cette lacune, il est indispensable de renforcer la collaboration au sein de la communauté sanitaire mondiale. Objetivo:Concienciar sobre la importancia de los estándares farmacéuticos públicos, identificar si, y, si es así, las farmacopeas actuales no son suficientes para el desarrollo de monografías nuevas y completas y fomentar la colaboración entre las distintas farmacopeas, para priorizar, desarrollar y poner a disposición estándares para los medicamentos clave para los cuales no existen monografías completas. Métodos:En agosto de 2017, se extrajeron ocho farmacopeas para identificar cuáles de los 669 medicamentos de la 20ª edición de la Lista Modelo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estaban cubiertos por monografías completas o incompletas. Las farmacopeas que incluimos fueron la Farmacopea Brasileña, la Farmacopea Británica, la Comisión de Farmacopea India, la Farmacopea Internacional, la Farmacopea Japonesa, la Farmacopea Mexicana, la Farmacopea de la República Popular de China y la Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos. Resultados:Para 99 (15 %) de los medicamentos en la Lista Modelo, no se encontraron monografías disponibles en ninguna de las ocho farmacopeas investigadas. Solo el 3 % (1/30) de los medicamentos cardiovasculares enumerados, mientras que el 28 % (9/32) de los medicamentos antirretrovirales y el 23 % (6/26) de los medicamentos antipalúdicos carecían de monografías. Conclusión:Parece que no existen estándares públicos para muchos de los considerados medicamentos esenciales. Para abordar este déficit, se necesita una mayor colaboración en la comunidad de la salud global. الغرض:رفع الوعي بأهمية المعايير الدوائية العامة، والوقوف على أي قصور – حال وجوده – في دساتير الأدوية الحالية من حيث تطوير دراسات متخصصة جديدة وكاملة، وتعزيز التعاون بين دساتير الأدوية المختلفة، وإعطاء الأولوية للمعايير وتطويرها وطرحها للأدوية الرئيسية التي تفتقر إلى دراسات متخصصة وكاملة. الطريقة:قمنا في شهر أغسطس/آب 2017 بفرز ثمانية دساتير للأدوية لمراجعة الأدوية البالغ عددها 669 دواءً في النسخة العشرين من قائمة الأدوية الأساسية النموذجية لمنظمة الصحة العالمية، وتحديد أي من تلك الأدوية قد تمت تغطيتها من خلال دراسات متخصصة كاملة أو غير كاملة. وكانت دساتير الأدوية التي قمنا بتضيمنها هي دستور الأدوية البرازيلي، ودستور الأدوية البريطاني، ولجنة دستور الأدوية الهندي، ودستور الأدوية الدولي، ودستور الأدوية الياباني، ودستور الأدوية المكسيكي، ودستور الأدوية المتبع في جمهورية الصين الشعبية، ودستور الأدوية الأمريكي. النتائج:بالنسبة إلى 99 دواءً واردًا في القائمة النموذجية (أي بواقع 15‏% منها)، لم تتوفر دراسات متخصصة في أي من دساتير الأدوية الثمانية التي شملها البحث. واقتصر العجز في الدراسات المتخصصة المتعلقة بأدوية القلب والأوعية الدموية على نسبة 3% (بواقع دواء واحد من بين 30 دواءً)، في حين ارتفعت النسبة إلى ‏28% (بواقع 9 من بين 32 دواءً) من الأدوية المضادة لفيروسات النسخ العكسي، و23‏% (بواقع 6 أدوية من بين 26 دواءً) من الأدوية المضادة للملاريا. الاستنتاج:لا يبدو أن هناك معايير عمومية لما يسمى بالأدوية النموذجية. ولكي يتم التعامل مع هذا العجز، فهناك حاجة لدرجة أكبر من التعاون في مجتمع الصحة العالمية. 目的:旨在提高人们对公共药物标准重要性的意识,明确现有药典是否落后于最新完整专著的发展。如落后,明确具体落后在哪些方面,并促进不同药典之间的合作,从而优先考虑发展没有完整专著的关键药物,并为其制定标准。. 方法:2017 年 8 月,我们采纳了八部药典以明确第 20 版世界卫生组织《基本药物示范目录》 669 种药品中的哪些药物涵盖在完整或不完整专著中。我们纳入的药典包括《巴西药典》、《英国药典》、印度药典委员会出版的《印度药典》、《国际药典》、《日本药典》、《墨西哥药典》、《中华人民共和国药典》和《美国药典》。. 结果:在研究的八部药典中,共有 99 (15%) 种列于《基本药物示范目录》中的药物尚无专著。目录中的心血管药物只列出了 3% (1/30),而 28% (9/32) 的抗逆转录病毒药物和 23% (6/26) 的抗疟药物缺少专著。. 结论:很多所谓的基本药物似乎并无公用的标准。全球卫生界需要加强合作以解决此方面的不足。. Цель:Повысить осведомленность о важности государственных фармацевтических стандартов, определить, где текущие фармакопеи не справляются с разработкой новых и полных монографий, и способствовать сотрудничеству между различными фармакопеями, чтобы определить приоритеты, разработать и предоставить доступные стандарты для ключевых лекарственных средств, не представленных полными монографиями. Методы:В августе 2017 года авторы сделали выборку из восьми фармакопей, чтобы определить, какие из 669 лекарственных средств в 20-м издании Примерного перечня основных лекарственных средств Всемирной организации здравоохранения были охвачены полными или неполными монографиями. В выборку вошли фармакопеи Бразилии, Индии, Китайской Народной Республики, Мексики, Соединенных Штатов Америки и Японии, а также Британская и Международная. Результаты:Для 99 лекарственных средств (15%), входящих в Типовой перечень, не было доступно никаких монографий ни в одной из восьми исследованных фармакопей. Только 3% перечисленных сердечно-сосудистых препаратов (1/30), но при этом 28% антиретровирусных препаратов (9/32) и 23% противомалярийных препаратов (6/26) не имели монографий. Вывод:По-видимому, для многих так называемых основных лекарств нет общедоступных стандартов. Для устранения этого недостатка в мировом сообществе специалистов здравоохранения необходимо более активное сотрудничество по данному вопросу.

authors

Roth L,Adler M,Jain T,Bempong D

doi

10.2471/BLT.17.205807

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-06-01 00:00:00

pages

378-385

issue

6

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.17.205807

journal_volume

96

pub_type

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    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of flea control on Yersinia (Pasteurella) pestis antibody rates in the California vole, Microtus californicus, and its epizootiological implications.

    abstract::The effects of flea control on the prevalence of (Pasteurella) pestis antibody rates in the California vole, Microtus californicus, were studied in San Mateo County, California, USA. In this area, which had shown antibody prevalence rates of 50% or more during epizootics in previous years, continuous flea control meas...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Kartman L,Hudson BW

    更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00

  • The hosts and trypanosome infection rates of Glossina pallidipes in the Lambwe and Roo valleys.

    abstract::Several thousand Glossina pallidipes flies were dissected to determine trypanosome infection rates in the Lambwe Valley and to collect information on the hosts of this tsetse. A total of 1 450 (19.3%) flies had mature trypanosome infections but the rate varied between 9.6% and 30.9% in the Lambwe Valley. In the Roo Va...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: England EC,Baldry DA

    更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00

  • Illness associated with "package tours": a combined Spanish-Scottish study.

    abstract::The occurrence of three deaths and substantial morbidity among members of a "package tour" who stayed at the same hotel in Benidorm, Spain, during the summer of 1973 provided an opportunity to study the experiences of persons undertaking this type of holiday and some of the factors that might affect their health. Of 2...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Reid D,Grist NR,Nájera R

    更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and their risk factors among Bangladeshi adults: a nationwide survey.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Bangladesh using national survey data and to identify risk factors. METHODS:Sociodemographic and anthropometric data and data on blood pressure and blood glucose levels were obtained for 7541 adults aged 35 years or more from the biomarker sample of t...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.13.128371

    authors: Akter S,Rahman MM,Abe SK,Sultana P

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00