Healing invisible wounds of the Syrian conflict.

abstract：:The intrinsic qualities of influenza virus particles may be studied at the biological level from two points of view:(1) The surface structures associated with adsorption to the surface of the susceptible cell and entry into its substance are regarded as essentially somatic in character. Infection is possible only when...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： BURNET M

更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This is a classification of tumours of fibrous tissue, fat, muscle, blood and lymph vessels, and mast cells, irrespective of the region of the body in which they arise. Tumours of fibrous tissue are divided into fibroma, fibrosarcoma (including "canine haemangiopericytoma"), other sarcomas, equine sarcoid, and various...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Weiss E

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simultaneously with the development of vaccines against diphtheria, the authors and their colleagues have studied the biological properties of the causative agent, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and its role in the development of epidemics. This study has been made possible by the development of a lysotyping scheme for ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Saragea A,Maximescu P

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:WHILE THE TWENTIETH CENTURY HAS PRODUCED GREAT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER AND IN TECHNIQUES FOR ITS CONTROL IN URBAN AREAS, THE ESSENTIAL METHOD OF CONTROL HAS NOT CHANGED: it is still the elimination of the urban vector, Aëdes aegypti. The aim of those responsible for yellow fever control in Afr...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： MAHAFFY AF

更新日期：1954-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews recent experimental evidence in support of inoculation with antirabies serum, the value of which, as a prophylactic measure, is compared with that of vaccine treatment alone. The author concludes that the chief advantages of combined antiserum-vaccine prophylaxis lie in the rapid treatment of cases ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： HABEL K

更新日期：1954-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the rising burden of noncommunicable diseases, access to quality decentralized noncommunicable disease services remain limited in many low- and middle-income countries. Here we describe the strategies we employed to drive the process from adaptation to national endorsement and implementation of the 2016 Botswa...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Tapela NM,Tshisimogo G,Shatera BP,Letsatsi V,Gaborone M,Madidimalo T,Ovberedjo M,Jibril HB,Tsima B,Nkomazana O,Dryden-Peterson S,Lockman S,Masupe T,Hirschhorn LR,El Halabi S

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four points are made about globalization and health. First, economic integration is a powerful force for raising the incomes of poor countries. In the past 20 years several large developing countries have opened up to trade and investment, and they are growing well--faster than the rich countries. Second, there is no ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dollar D

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since an excellent candidate strain (M) for live virus vaccination of swine against Japanese encephalitis was developed, a number of large vaccination programmes have been implemented in Japan with the aim of controlling Japanese encephalitis epidemics in man by reducing the population size of nonimmune swine. Encoura...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hsu ST,Chang LC,Lin SY,Chuang TY,Ma CH,Inoue YK,Okuno T

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent asays (ELISAs) are described for determining levels of dapsone and pyrimethamine in urine. Both assays have a sensitivity of about 20 mug/l and are reproducible, but each produces some false positives. The problem of false positive reactions was partially obviated by requiring positive resu...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Greenwood BM,Greenwood AM,Bradley AK,Shenton FC,Smith AW,Snow RW,Williams K,Eggelte TA,Huikeshoven H,de Wit M

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An outbreak of spastic paraparesis which mostly affected women and children occurred in a northern province of Mozambique in 1981. The epidemic was related to chronic cyanide intoxication associated with a diet consisting almost exclusively of cassava. A prolonged drought in the area had exhausted all food resources e...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The direct costs were determined by conducting a retrospective study on the files of 100 diabetics (selected at random) who had attended the clinic at least once in 1991. Another study was conducted simultaneously under the same conditions on 100 non-diabetic patients. Diabetic patients attend on average 8 times a yea...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Rekik M,Abid M,Hachicha J,Abbes R,Moujahed M,Jarraya A

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four decades after the declaration of Alma Ata, Kazakhstan still struggles to provide basic health care to its citizens. This may now be changing. Andrey Shukshin reports. ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To summarize the existing evidence on the efficacy of artemether and arteether, two artemisinin derivatives, versus quinine for treating cerebral malaria in children. METHODS:We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the http://clinicaltrials.gov web site. We also ch...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kyu HH,Fernández E

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:Indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are key tools for malaria vector control. Malawi has struggled to scale up indoor residual spraying and to improve LLIN coverage and usage. APPROACH:In 2002, the Malawian National Malaria Control Programme developed guidelines for insecticide ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Chanda E,Mzilahowa T,Chipwanya J,Ali D,Troell P,Dodoli W,Mnzava AP,Ameneshewa B,Gimnig J

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, several indices have been proposed to evaluate the threat of vectors to the community. Such indices, if accurately determined, could serve to assess the effectiveness of vector control campaigns. In this paper, a "risk of infection" index is introduced for the case of urban filariasis transmitted by Culex...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： de Meillon B,Grab B,Sebastian A

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses of various biological types are known to cause a wide range of acute respiratory infections, ranging from mild colds and catarrh to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Bacteria also cause respiratory diseases including serious conditions such as otitis media and pneumonia. The whole situation is complex and to...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Tyrrell DA

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The associated health care costs are growing in parallel with increases in elderly populations, and it is expected that the number of osteoporotic fractures will double over the next 50 years. The best way to address osteoporosis is...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kai MC,Anderson M,Lau EM

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Handicap is the result of a process of disablement whose origin is a pathological condition (disease). According to some definitions of health (e.g., a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being), the classical biomedical concept is too restrictive to cover all the consequences of disease. New models hav...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Minaire P

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequency of radiological examinations in a country is an important indicator of the general scope of such services in that setting. Frequency data obtained from surveys provide health planners with valuable information that can form an objective basis for resource allocation. Also, from the point of view of radia...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Tole NM

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-six patients suffering from methylmercury poisoning were treated by different therapeutic regimes. Seven received penicillamine or N-acetyl-d-L-penicillamine, 10 were treated with dimercaprol sulfonate and 9, who could not be treated, were given a placebo and were used as controls. Penicillamine, N-acetyl-d-L-p...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bakir F,Al-Khalidi A,Clarkson TW,Greenwood R

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Presented is an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery using cost and services data from the Lumbini Zonal Eye Care Programme in Nepal. The analysis suggests that cataract surgery may be even more cost-effective than previously reported. Under a "best estimate" scenario, cataract surgery had a cost o...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Marseille E

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pretreatment cultures of bacilli from Indian patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to a controlled domiciliary chemotherapy study by the Tuberculosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras, were subjected to a series of in vitro tests designed to identify the bacilli as human or bovine tubercle bacilli, or as anon...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： THOMAS KL,JOSEPH S,SUBBAIAH T,SELKON JB

更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1954-55, a controlled field trial of two types of typhoid vaccine-alcoholized ("vaccine A") and phenolized ("vaccine F")-prepared in Yugoslavia was carried out in the town and district of Osijek. In an attempt to correlate the protection conferred on man by these vaccines with their potency in laboratory animals, a...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： EDSALL G,CARLSON MC,FORMAL SB,BENENSON AS

更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a field study conducted in Burma, 54 semi-immune adults suffering from falciparum malaria (mean parasite count, 15 328/mm(3) before treatment) were given a single dose of a fixed combination of 750 mg mefloquine base, 1500 mg sulfadoxine, and 75 mg pyrimethamine (3 tablets of Fansimef). All these patients were clea...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Tin F,Hlaing N,Tun T,Win S,Lasserre R

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Tlaxcala State, Mexico, we determined that 80% of children who died from diarrhoea or acute respiratory infections (ARI) received medical care before death; in more than 70% of the cases this care was provided by a private physician. Several strategies have been developed to improve physicians' primary health care ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bojalil R,Guiscafré H,Espinosa P,Viniegra L,Martínez H,Palafox M,Gutiérrez G

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in the United States of America in 2000, but no comprehensive postmarketing review of safety has been carried out. We conducted a systematic review of the safety of PCV7 and other pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. A total of 42 studies...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Destefano F,Pfeifer D,Nohynek H

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the leading causes of fatal injury for urban South African children aged 0-14 years, the distribution of those causes and the current potential for safety improvements. METHODS:We obtained injury surveillance data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System 2001-2003 for six major Sou...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Burrows S,van Niekerk A,Laflamme L

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies were conducted each month for one year to determine the cercarial-incubation periods of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis in Bulinus truncatus for different months of infection. The snails were kept in outdoor aquaria in order to simulate the natural temperature conditions in the endemic bilharzias...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Chu KY,Massoud J,Sabbaghian H

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:About 30 million people in Africa are estimated to be living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), yet data about the natural history of infection on the continent are sparse. We reviewed the literature on the natural history of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections among African adult...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Jaffar S,Grant AD,Whitworth J,Smith PG,Whittle H

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histochemical staining methods for acid phosphatase were used to study the differences among microfilariae of various West African strains of Onchocerca volvulus in both forest and Sudan-savanna onchocerciasis zones. The results have shown statistically significant differences in the staining patterns of microfilarial...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Omar MS,Prost A,Marshall TF

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00