Tobacco smoking and oral clefts: a meta-analysis.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To examine the association between maternal smoking and non-syndromic orofacial clefts in infants. METHODS:A meta-analysis of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy was carried out using data from 24 case-control and cohort studies. FINDINGS:Consistent, moderate and statistically significant associations were found between maternal smoking and cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (relative risk 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.25-1.44) and between maternal smoking and cleft palate (relative risk 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.35). There was evidence of a modest dose-response effect for cleft lip with or without cleft palate. CONCLUSION:The evidence of an association between maternal tobacco smoking and orofacial clefts is strong enough to justify its use in anti-smoking campaigns.

authors

Little J,Cardy A,Munger RG

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-03-01 00:00:00

pages

213-8

issue

3

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

S0042-96862004000300011

journal_volume

82

pub_type

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