Abstract：
:A technique is described whereby it is possible to make an accurate determination of the physiological age of anopheline females, i.e., the number of gonotrophic cycles through which the female has passed. This technique is based on counts of the dilatations left in the ovarioles subsequent to each maturation of follicles and oviposition. The number of dilatations found on dissection usually corresponds exactly to the number of gonotrophic cycles.By dissection of a large number of female anophelines the age composition of the mosquito population and any changes of it in the course of the transmission season may be determined, and a number of problems of population biology may be elucidated. With a knowledge of the temperature in mosquito shelters, it is possible to establish the number of gonotrophic cycles coinciding with a single sporogonic cycle of the malaria parasite and thus the physiological age at which the salivary glands of females may contain sporozoites. Dissection also makes it possible to determine the proportion of potentially dangerous females at various periods of the season. The data thus obtained are used in drawing up an epidemiological picture of a locality and in evaluating the effectiveness of anti-malaria measures.A simple technique is also described for distinguishing between parous and nulliparous female anophelines by examination of the tracheoles of the ovaries.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
BEKLEMISHEV WN,DETINOVA TS,POLOVODOVA VPsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1959-01-01 00:00:00pages
223-32eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Administration of live influenza vaccine produces an asymptomatic immunizing infection of the respiratory tract with the appearance of antibodies in the secretions of the respiratory passages.Because of natural variation in the antigenic and biological properties of the influenza virus, new vaccines must be developed ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple technique for achieving high yields of Plasmodium falciparum parasites on a continuous basis is described. The technique is applicable in any laboratory. The culture apparatus is also simple and inexpensive and allows multiple cultures to be run simultaneously. A total of approximately 1-2 x 10(9) parasites c...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intrinsic qualities of influenza virus particles may be studied at the biological level from two points of view:(1) The surface structures associated with adsorption to the surface of the susceptible cell and entry into its substance are regarded as essentially somatic in character. Infection is possible only when...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to obtain information, using a written questionnaire, on the knowledge, smoking behaviour, and attitudes of Costa Rican physicians about smoking as a health issue. A random sample of 650 physicians was chosen from a list of active physicians; 287 of them were covered by survey between August ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The deposit or precipitate formed after storage at -20 degrees C of allantoic fluids infected with influenza virus contains a considerable amount of the virus. It has been found that by treatment of this material, after thawing, with sodium chloride and subsequent purification of the treated fluid, all the virus origi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite major obstacles, activities to control sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were initiated in Haiti in 1992 in collaboration with local nongovernmental organizations. The approaches included review of available local data, assessment of STD case management practices and constraints, and development of specific...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comprehensive field investigation in several parts of India has revealed that the presence of coliforms in drinking water is associated with hydrogen sulfide-producing organisms. This paper describes a simple, rapid, and inexpensive field test for the screening of drinking water for faecal pollution, based on the de...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Registration of births, recording deaths by age, sex and cause, and calculating mortality levels and differentials are fundamental to evidence-based health policy, monitoring and evaluation. Yet few of the countries with the greatest need for these data have functioning systems to produce them despite legislation prov...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：/S0042-96862005000800015
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rabbits have commonly been used for testing the blood-level duration limit of penicillin, but have proved not to be entirely suitable. Experiments reported in this paper on the use of sheep suggest that these animals can be successfully used for the testing of procaine benzylpenicillin with aluminium monostearate (PAM...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The United Republic of Tanzania is the first mainland sub-Saharan country to launch a national methadone programme as part of its battle to fight the twin epidemics of heroin addiction and HIV infection. Fumbuka Ng'wanakilala reports. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.030213
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine how much influenza contributes to severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), a leading cause of death in children, among people of all ages in Bangladesh. METHODS:Physicians obtained nasal and throat swabs to test for influenza virus from patients who were hospitalized within 7 days of the onset o...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.11.090209
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-radial-diffusion techniques are proposed as possible alternatives to tests based on agglutination of erythrocytes for the assay of the haemagglutinin content of influenza vaccines. Two test procedures (microtest and macrotest) and the use of reference reagents to assay vaccines using these tests are described. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper an analysis of genetic recombinants derived from crosses between two mutant stocks of Vibrio cholerae, strain 162, differing from one another in nutritional requirements and other characters, is presented. It is shown that parent strains possessing a fertility factor (designated as the P factor) function...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop, in a mortuary setting, a pilot programme for improving the accuracy of records of deaths caused by injury. METHODS:The recording of injury-related deaths was upgraded at the mortuary of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, in 1996 through the creation of a prospectively gathered dat...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A strain of Aëdes aegypti was recently found in Puerto Rico which proved to be resistant to both DDT and dieldrin. This paper reports on genetical studies of this strain to determine whether a single entity is involved or two distinct resistances. Tests carried out by repeated back-crossing combined with selection pre...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma is a very common chronic disease that occurs in all age groups and is the focus of various clinical and public health interventions. Both morbidity and mortality from asthma are significant. The number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to asthma worldwide is similar to that for diabetes, liver ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Between April and July 1966 a comparative trial of two live attenuated measles vaccines (Schwarz and Beckenham 31), given intramuscularly or intradermally, was conducted in Hong Kong. Some 910 non-immune children completed the trial. The Beckenham 31 vaccine caused significantly more complications than Schwarz vaccine...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The health consequences of tobacco use are well known, but less recognized are the significant environmental impacts of tobacco production and use. The environmental impacts of tobacco include tobacco growing and curing; product manufacturing and distribution; product consumption; and post-consumption waste. The World...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.15.152744
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) is an enigmatic and growing public health problem which is confined at present to countries of South-East Asia. Since 1956, over 350 000 patients have been hospitalized and nearly 12 000 deaths have been reported. Dengue viruses, a group of four flaviviruses, a...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 1300 compounds have so far been included in the WHO Programme for Evaluating and Testing New Insecticides, which is designed to disclose compounds that may satisfactorily replace those to which insect vectors of disease have become resistant. The authors describe the successful passage of o-isopropoxyphenyl ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malarial antibody levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two West African populations, one exposed to intense malaria transmission and the other protected. The results reflected the transmission of maternal antibody and, in the unprotected population, the subsequent increase of the EL...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Separation and concentration of parasitized erythrocytes from infected blood was achieved by centrifugation of a sample placed in a layer on top of a cushion of a Ficoll solution with a critical density. Pure suspensions of parasitized erythrocytes were obtained from Plasmodium berghei infected rodent blood, whereas r...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contributions made by five groups of investigators to the knowledge of the stability of different iodine compounds in salt, and of the extent of the losses of iodine which may occur when iodized salt is exposed to different conditions of storage and use, are discussed by the author.STABILITY OF THE IODINE COMPONENT IN...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few experiments have been reported on immunity to reinfection in domestic stock. The degree of resistance to reinfection with S. mattheei was studied in cattle and sheep. On the basis of the results, the only evidence of acquired immunity in calves and sheep is a reduction in the length of adult worms. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin for 500 gonococcal strains were studied for product-moment coefficient correlations. The strains were isolated from male patients with acute gonococcal urethritis attending the Venereal Disease ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bladder cancer is the twelfth most common cancer globally, with approximately 170 000 new cases each year; a third of these cases are in the developing countries. There are two major etiological types. The first is more common in the industrialized countries and is associated with exposure to certain occupational and ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The findings in a highly selected group of patients, such as those attending clinics or sanatoria, cannot be used as the basis for assessing the true prevalence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with acquired or primary resistance or of sensitive strains in a community. The present report describes the prevalen...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In March 1990 a study was carried out in the village of Kicheba, United Republic of Tanzania, in which the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was sprayed on all the internal surfaces of houses and other shelters at a coverage of about 25 mg of active ingredient per m2. Every day for 6 days, 12 spraymen and 3 sq...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the impact of user fees on the utilization of health services in a community-based cost-sharing scheme in Kabarole District, western Uganda. METHODS:Of the 38 government health units that had introduced user-fee financing schemes, 11 were included in the study. Outpatient utilization was assesse...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A test for monkeypox-specific antibodies is described. Monkeypox immune sera can be made type-specific by immunoabsorption with heterotypic poxvirus extracts. Monkeypox-specific antibodies were demonstrated in sera from 9 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that had previously been experimentally infected with mo...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
