Abstract:
:A comprehensive field investigation in several parts of India has revealed that the presence of coliforms in drinking water is associated with hydrogen sulfide-producing organisms. This paper describes a simple, rapid, and inexpensive field test for the screening of drinking water for faecal pollution, based on the detection of hydrogen sulfide. The new test showed good agreement with the standard most probable number (MPN) test. It proved highly successful in the field when it was used to detect faecal pollution and to monitor water quality during an outbreak of water-borne hepatitis A infection in the city of Gwalior. The test is reliable and simple to perform, and will be especially useful for screening rural water supplies and for large-scale screening of urban water supplies where resources, time, manpower, and laboratory facilities are limited.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Manja KS,Maurya MS,Rao KMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-01-01 00:00:00pages
797-801issue
5eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract::On the basis of geoclimatic characteristics, the Saharan region of Algeria (area, 2 million km2) is made up of several subregions; analysis of the historical data on malaria in this region seems to show that the epidemiological situation is closely linked to climatic and hydrographic conditions. A longitudinal sero-ep...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To raise awareness about the importance of public pharmaceutical standards, identify if and, if so, where current pharmacopeias are falling short in the development of new and complete monographs and foster collaboration among the various pharmacopeias, to prioritize, develop and make available standards for ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.17.205807
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::DDE and the o,p' and p,p' isomers of DDT were assayed in 94 human biopsy fat samples from hospitals in Delhi by gas chromatography. DDT was present in all except 2 samples at concentrations from 0.17 to 176.5 mg per kg of body fat. The average total DDT content was 21.8+/-2.9 mg/kg, of which 45.9% was DDE. The average...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lack of a simple and reliable test for sulfonamides has created a problem because of the increasing use of these drugs in the chemotherapy of malaria. This paper describes a modification of the Bratton-Marshall technique, for which the reagents are easily obtainable and which can be carried out in simply equipped ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Density gradients with metrizamide, a tri-iodinated benzamido derivative of glucose, have been used to separate erythrocytes infected with three species of murine plasmodia. Uninfected erythrocytes separated well from erythrocytes containing parasites in different developmental stages. With metrizamide solutions, the ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To establish a surveillance network for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in industrial settings and estimate the risk factor burden using standardized tools. METHODS:We conducted a baseline cross-sectional survey (as part of a CVD surveillance programme) of industrial populations from 10 companies ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.05.027037
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent investigations have revealed that monkeypox virus infections occur with a high prevalence in several species of squirrels belonging to the genus Funisciurus, less frequently in squirrels of the genus Heliosciurus, and rarely in forest-dwelling primates. These squirrels commonly inhabit the secondary forests aro...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new straightforward photometric method for the assay of the antimalarial drug chloroquine and its metabolites in urine is described. The method involves an ion-pair extraction procedure with dichloromethane using the acid-base indicator bromthymol blue as counter-ion. The ion pair formed with chloroquine in the orga...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether there are major differences in the distribution of Streptococcus pyogenes serotypes in different countries and to compare the typing results obtained in different laboratories with the same cultures, an international survey of the distribution of such serotypes was carried out in 1964-65 in 12 lab...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chikungunya (CHIK) virus, harvested from infected BHK-21 cell cultures and highly purified by a method combining zinc acetate precipitation, Sephadex-Sepharose column chromatography, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, was subjected to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and treatment with formalin. Inactivation of ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In serological tests for syphilis, leprosy sera often give biologically false positive reactions. These may be due to the presence of non-specific elements-for example, the ubiquitous lipid antibodies-in the leprosy sera; or they may be the result of errors in technique or unfavourable working conditions in the labora...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Lamia Plain, Greece, 12 years after the cessation of DDT spraying, Anopheles sacharovi is still present in very high densities and appears to have the same biting habits and host preferences as previously. Mosquitos of this species are still resistant to DDT and dieldrin. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The isolation of West Nile virus from the brain tissue of three children who died of encephalitis in Mysore and Kolar districts of Karnataka State, India, is reported. This is the first such report from India. The significance of these isolations with reference to the role of West Nile virus in encephalitis in childre...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of antigenic studies of the viruses received at the World Influenza Centre from the 1952-3 influenza epidemic are described. As in 1950-1, two main antigenic groups of influenza A viruses could be distinguished. One group, called Liverpool, contained strains closely related to 1950-1 Liverpool strains. The...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1954-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of non-specific inhibitors in immune influenza sera may falsify the antibody pattern as shown by the haemagglutination-inhibition test, and it is consequently often necessary to pre-treat sera in order to inactivate these inhibitors. A number of different methods are in use for this purpose. It was theref...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Tlaxcala State, Mexico, we determined that 80% of children who died from diarrhoea or acute respiratory infections (ARI) received medical care before death; in more than 70% of the cases this care was provided by a private physician. Several strategies have been developed to improve physicians' primary health care ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A very large private health sector exists in low-income countries. It consists of a great variety of providers and is used by a wide cross-section of the population. There are substantial concerns about the quality of care given, especially at the more informal end of the range of providers. This is particularly true ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 1990s have seen a remarkable decrease in mortality among infants and children in most developing countries. In some countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, these declines in mortality among children have slowed and are now increasing again. Internationally comparable data derived from survey programmes, suc...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doubts have been raised on theoretical grounds concerning the effect of BCG in tropical countries, where in most places a large proportion of the population have a naturally acquired tuberculin allergy of low strength and unknown (but almost certainly non-specific) origin. Furthermore, vaccinations in the tropics may ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine paediatric blood sample volume limits that are consistent with physiological "minimal risk." METHODS:A literature review was performed to search for evidence concerning the adverse effects of blood sampling in children and for guidelines on sampling volume in paediatric research. The search incl...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.10.080010
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro studies on primaquine have been carried out to examine its ability to stimulate the oxidative pathway of glucose metabolism in human erythrocytes and in vivo studies were carried out after ingestion of the drug to determine plasma levels and to investigate the formation of metabolites and the effects of the d...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up-to-date information is given on the epidemiological situation of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) in nine Mediterranean countries, and on drug regimens adopted in the management of ZVL patients in each country. Results of experimental and clinical trials on the efficacy and tolerability of liposomal amphoteric...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biological effects of tuberculin in an organism infected with tubercle bacilli are due to an unknown number of different substances, which are present in varying concentrations in different tuberculin preparations. Consequently, the response to tuberculin tests with various products is likely to vary with the biol...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the extent to which the community-directed approach used in onchocerciasis control in Africa could effectively and efficiently provide integrated delivery of other health interventions. METHODS:A three-year experimental study was undertaken in 35 health districts from 2005 to 2007 in seven resea...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2471/BLT.09.069203
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequent experience in the tropics of poor results of BCG vaccination is sometimes explained by a hypothetical interaction with "non-specific" tuberculin sensitivity. However, samples of data from five tropical countries, reported in this paper, demonstrate a slight, positive correlation between the individual tub...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uruguay is hosting the WHO Global Conference on Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) this month, from 18-20 October. Tabaré Vázquez, the President of Uruguay, tells the Bulletin of the World Health Organization about his country's efforts to prevent and fight NCDs and why countries should step up the global response. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.2471/BLT.17.031017
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop, in a mortuary setting, a pilot programme for improving the accuracy of records of deaths caused by injury. METHODS:The recording of injury-related deaths was upgraded at the mortuary of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, in 1996 through the creation of a prospectively gathered dat...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potency determinations in mice of venom samples from snakes of the species Bothrops jararaca, which had been caught in an area of less than 10 000 km(2), gave the following principal results:(1) Various methods of drying-i.e., closed and continuous vacuum-drying at 5 degrees and 37 degrees C and freeze-drying (lyophil...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1958-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunization service delivery support (ISDS) model was initiated in Andhra Pradesh, India, in November 2003 with the aim of strengthening immunization services through supportive supervision. The ISDS model involves a well-established supervision system built upon the existing health infrastructure. The objectives...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.06.039495
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of comparative assays have revealed considerable variation in the potencies of tetanus toxoids produced in different laboratories. Some manufacturers are able consistently to produce toxoids high in potency; others are not able to do so. While further work is required in order to correlate the animal assay...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1955-01-01 00:00:00