Incidence of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection during three influenza seasons in Bangladesh, 2008-2010.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To determine how much influenza contributes to severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), a leading cause of death in children, among people of all ages in Bangladesh. METHODS:Physicians obtained nasal and throat swabs to test for influenza virus from patients who were hospitalized within 7 days of the onset of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) or who consulted as outpatients for influenza-like illness (ILI). A community health care utilization survey was conducted to determine the proportion of hospital catchment area residents who sought care at study hospitals and calculate the incidence of influenza using this denominator. FINDINGS:The estimated incidence of SARI associated with influenza in children < 5 years old was 6.7 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0-18.3); 4.4 (95% CI: 0-13.4) and 6.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0-8.3/1000) during the 2008, 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons, respectively. The incidence of SARI in people aged ≥ 5 years was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.4-2.0) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.5-2.2) per 10,000 person-years during 2009 and 2010, respectively. The incidence of medically attended, laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza in outpatients with ILI was 10 (95% CI: 8-14), 6.6 (95% CI: 5-9) and 17 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 13-22) during the 2008, 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons, respectively. CONCLUSION:Influenza-like illness is a frequent cause of consultation in the outpatient setting in Bangladesh. Children aged less than  5 years are hospitalized for influenza in greater proportions than children in other age groups. :ملخص الغرض: تحديد مقدار مسؤولية الأنفلونزا في حدوث المرض التنفسي الحاد الوخيم، وهو سبب رئيسي في وفيات الأطفال، في جميع فئات العمر في بنغلاديش. الطريقة: جمع الأطباء مسحات من الأنف والحلق لفحص وجود فيروس الأنفلونزا فيها، وذلك من مرضى أدخلوا المستشفى للعلاج وخلال 7 أيام منذ بدء المرض التنفسي الحاد الوخيم، أو من مرضى خارجيين أجروا مشاورة طبية حول الأمراض الشبيهة بالأنفلونزا. وأجرى الباحثون مسحاً لتحديد نسبة ساكني منطقة الخدمة الطبية الذين التمسوا الرعاية في المستشفى موقع الدراسة، ولحساب معدل وقوع الأنفلونزا مستخدمين هذا القاسم. النتائج: بلغ المعدل التقديري لوقوع المرض التنفسي الحاد الوخيم المرتبط بالأنفلونزا في الأطفال أقل من عمر خمس سنوات 6.7 (فاصلة الثقة 95%: 0-18.3)، و 4.4 (فاصلة الثقة 95%: 0-13.4)، و 6.5 وذلك لكل 1000 شخص سنوياً (فاصلة الثقة 95%: 0-8.3/1000) وذلك خلال مواسم الإصابة بالأنفلونزا في الأعوام 2008، 2009، 2010 بالترتيب. وبلغ معدل وقوع المرض التنفسي الحاد الوخيم في من هم أكبر من أو يساوي عمر خمس سنوات 1.1 (فاصلة الثقة 95%: 0.4-2.0)، و 1.3 (فاصلة الثقة 95%: 0.5-2.2) لكل 10000 شخص سنوياً خلال العامين 2009، 2010 بالترتيب. وبلغ معدل وقوع الأنفلونزا الموسمية في المرضى الخارجيين الذين كشف عليهم طبياً وتم التأكد مختبرياً من إصابتهم ولديهم أمراض شبيهة بالأنفلونزا 10 (فاصلة الثقة 95%: 8-14)، و 6.6 (فاصلة الثقة 95%: 5-9)، و 17 لكل 100 شخص سنوياً (فاصلة الثقة 95%: 13-22) وذلك أثناء مواسم الإصابة بالأنفلونزا في الأعوام 2008، و 2009، و 2010، بالترتيب. الاستنتاج: تعد الأمراض الشبيهة بالأنفلونزا سبباً متكرراً لطلب المشورة الطبية في العيادات الخارجية في بنغلاديش. والأطفال في عمر أقل من خمس سنوات الذي يجري علاجهم في المستشفيات يشكلون النسبة الأكبر من الأطفال في الفئات العمرية الأخرى. :Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar en qué medida contribuye la gripe a la enfermedad respiratoria aguda grave (ERAG), una de las principales causas de muerte infantil, en personas de todas las edades en Bangladesh. MÉTODOS: Los médicos tomaron muestras de exudado nasal y faríngeo para realizar la prueba del virus de la gripe en pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados en los 7 días posteriores al inicio de la infección respiratoria agua grave (IRAG) o que acudieron a consulta como pacientes ambulatorios por síndrome gripal (SG). Se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre el uso de la asistencia sanitaria comunitaria para determinar la proporción de residentes del área de cobertura del hospital que solicitaron asistencia médica en hospitales pertenecientes al estudio y se calculó la incidencia de la gripe con este denominador. RESULTADOS: La incidencia estimada de la IRAG asociada con la gripe en niños menores de 5 años fue del 6,7 (95% de intervalo de confianza, IC: 0-18,3); 4,4 (95% IC: 0-13,4) y 6,5 por 1000 años-persona (95% IC: 0-8,3/1000) durante las temporadas de gripe de 2008, 2009 y 2010, respectivamente. La incidencia de la IRAG en las personas con una edad igual o superior a 5 años fue del 1,1 (95% IC: 0,4- 2,0) y 1,3 (95% IC: 0,5-2,2) por 10 000 años-persona durante 2009 y 2010, respectivamente. La incidencia de la gripe de temporada tratada médicamente y confirmada en laboratorio en pacientes ambulatorios con SG fue de 10 (95% IC: 8-14); 6,6 (95% IC: 5-9) y 17 por 100 años-persona (95% IC: 13-22/1000) durante las temporadas de gripe de 2008, 2009 y 2010, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: El síndrome gripal es una causa frecuente de consulta en los centros ambulatorios en Bangladesh. La proporción de niños menores de 5 años hospitalizados por gripe es mayor que la de niños en otros grupos de edad. :Résumé OBJECTIF: Déterminer l'impact de la grippe sur le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS), une cause majeure de la mortalité chez les enfants, chez les personnes de tous les âges au Bangladesh. MÉTHODES: Les médecins ont obtenu des écouvillons de prélèvement de nez et de gorge afin de tester le virus de la grippe chez des patients qui avaient été hospitalisés dans les 7 jours suivants l'apparition de l'infection respiratoire aiguë sévère (SRAS) ou qui avaient eu une consultation déambulatoire pour un syndrome de type grippal (STG). Une enquête sur l'utilisation des soins de santé communautaires a été effectuée afin de définir la proportion des riverains de la circonscription hospitalière, qui avaient reçu des soins dans les hôpitaux universitaires, et afin de calculer l'incidence de la grippe à l'aide de ce dénominateur. RÉSULTATS: L'estimation de l'incidence du SRAS associé à la grippe chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans était de 6,7 (intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC: 0-18.3); de 4,4 (IC de 95%: 0-13.4) et de 6,5 pour 1 000 personnes-années (IC de 95%: 0-8.3/1000) lors des saisons de la grippe de 2008, 2009 et 2010, respectivement. L'incidence du SRAS chez les personnes âgées de plus de 5 ans était de 1,1 (IC de 95%: 0.4-2.0) et 1,3 (IC de 95%: 0.5-2.2) pour 10 000 personnes-années en 2009 et 2010, respectivement. L'incidence de la grippe saisonnière traitée médicalement et confirmée en laboratoire chez les patients en consultation ambulatoire souffrant du STG était de 10 (IC de 95%: 8-14), 6,6 (IC de 95%: 5-9) et de 17 pour 100 personnes-années (IC de 95%: 13-22) lors des saisons de la grippe de 2008, 2009 et 2010, respectivement. CONCLUSION: Le syndrome de type grippal est une cause fréquente de consultation dans la configuration de la consultation ambulatoire au Bangladesh. Les enfants de moins de 5 ans sont hospitalisés pour la grippe dans des proportions supérieures aux enfants des autres groupes d'âge. :Резюме Цель: Определить, в какой степени грипп способствует заражению лиц всех возрастов в Бангладеш тяжелой острой респираторной инфекцией (ТОРИ), которая является основной причиной детской смертности. Методы: Врачами были взяты мазки из носа и зева для анализа на вирус гриппа у пациентов, которые были госпитализированы в течение семи дней от начала заболевания тяжелой острой респираторной инфекцией (ТОРИ) или консультировались у врача в амбулаторном режиме по поводу гриппоподобной болезни (ГПБ). Было проведено исследование пользования медико-санитарной помощью на уровне общин для определения доли жителей участка, обслуживаемого больницей, которые обращались за помощью в обследуемые медицинские учреждения, и расчета заболеваемости гриппом с использованием указанного показателя в качестве знаменателя. Результаты: Оценочные показатели заболеваемости ТОРИ, коррелируемой с гриппом, у детей в возрасте до 5 лет, составили 6,7 (95% доверительный интервал, ДИ: 0-18,3); 4,4 (95% ДИ: 0-13,4) и 6,5 (95% ДИ: 0-8,3/1000) на 1000 человеко-лет за эпидемиологические сезоны гриппа 2008, 2009 и 2010 годов, соответственно. Заболеваемость ТОРИ у лиц в возрасте от 5 лет и старше составила 1,1 (95% ДИ: 0,4-2,0) и 1,3 (95% ДИ: 0,5-2,2) на 10 тыс. человеко-лет за 2009 и 2010 годы, соответственно. Заболеваемость лабораторно подтвержденным гриппом, потребовавшим обращения к врачу, у амбулаторных больных с ГПБ составила 10 (95% ДИ: 8-14), 6,6 (95% ДИ: 5-9) и 17 (95% ДИ: 13-22) на 100 человеко-лет за эпидемиологические сезоны гриппа 2008, 2009 и 2010 годов, соответственно. Вывод: Гриппоподобная болезнь - распространенная причина обращения к врачу в амбулаторном режиме в Бангладеш. Доля детей в возрасте до 5 лет, госпитализируемых по поводу гриппа, выше, чем доля госпитализируемых детей других возрастных групп. :摘要 目的: 确定流感在多大程度上导致孟加拉国所有年龄段人群中的严重急性呼吸系统疾病(SARI),SARI是导致儿童死亡的主要原因。 方法: 医师从发生严重急性呼吸道感染7天内住院的病人或因流行性感冒样疾病就医的门诊病人获得咽喉抹片,进行流感病毒检测。对社区医疗保健利用情况进行了调查,从而确定处于医院服务区内的居民到医院寻求医疗服务的比例,并以此为标准计算流感发病率。 结果: 2008、2009和2010年流感季节,估计5岁以下儿童中与流感相关的严重急性呼吸系统疾病的发病率分别为每年每千人中6.7例 (95%可信区间,0-18.3)、4.4例(95%可信区间,0-13.4)和6.5例 (95%可信区间,0-8.3/1000)。2009和2010流感季节5岁及以上人群严重急性呼吸系统疾病的发病率分别为每年每万人中1.1例(95%可信区间,0.4-2.0)和1.3例(95%可信区间,0.5-2.2)。此外,2008、2009和2010年流感季节患有流行性感冒样疾病的门诊病人中,就医且经实验室确认的季节性流感的发病率分别为每年每百人中10例(95%可信区间,8-14),6.6例(95%可信区间,5-9)和17例(95%可信区间,13-22)。 结论: 流行性感冒样疾病是孟加拉国门诊就医的常见病。与其他年龄段的儿童相比,5岁以下儿童因流感住院的比例更大。

authors

Azziz-Baumgartner E,Alamgir AS,Rahman M,Homaira N,Sohel BM,Sharker MA,Zaman RU,Dee J,Gurley ES,Al Mamun A,Mah-E-Muneer S,Fry AM,Widdowson MA,Bresee J,Lindstrom S,Azim T,Brooks A,Podder G,Hossain MJ,Rahman M,Luby S

doi

10.2471/BLT.11.090209

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-01-01 00:00:00

pages

12-9

issue

1

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

S0042-96862012000100008

journal_volume

90

pub_type

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  • The simulium control scheme at Abuja, Northern Nigeria, and its effect on the prevalence of onchocerciasis in the area.

    abstract::This account of the conduct of the Similium Control Scheme at Abuja, Northern Nigeria, over the period 1956-66 shows that, by larvicide treatment of some 160 km of rivers with DDT in the early wet season, the Simulium damnosum density has been reduced by about 90% of its precontrol level each year over an area of more...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Davies JB

    更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00

  • Control of the African trypanosomiases with special reference to land use.

    abstract::There is a need to reassess the role of the trypanosomiases, both human and animal, in African ecology and economy. Withdrawal of control services from the Congo basin was followed by a resurgence of infection from ancient foci, many of them thought to have been extinguished. Successful elimination of Glossina in sava...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Ford J

    更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00

  • Arbovirus infections in Ceylon.

    abstract::The haemagglutination-inhibition test has been used to assess the frequency of arbovirus infections in the population of Ceylon, by age-group, and also in some animals. The antigens used were: chikungunya, JE, dengue 1, 2, 3, 4, and Tahyna.The percentage of positive reactors to the group-B viruses ranged from 16.3% to...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Vesenjak-Hirjan J,Hermon Y,Vitarana T

    更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00

  • Microfilaria survey methods and analysis of survey data in filariasis control programmes.

    abstract::Based on studies carried out by the author and his associates in areas of Japan and South Asia where malayan and bancroftian filariasis is endemic, this paper recommends methods for use in microfilaria surveys and in the analysis of data obtained in such surveys. The author recommends the use of measured blood samples...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Sasa M

    更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00

  • Perinatal mortality in southern Brazil: a population-based study of 7392 births.

    abstract::Perinatal, fetal and early neonatal mortality rates were determined in a population of 7392 babies born in hospitals in Pelotas (total population, 260 000) during 1982. These babies represented over 99% of all births in the city in that year. The perinatal mortality rate for singletons was 31.9 per 1000 total births, ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Barros FC,Victora CG,Vaughan JP,Estanislau HJ

    更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00

  • Using a fingerprint recognition system in a vaccine trial to avoid misclassification.

    abstract:PROBLEM:The potential for misidentification of trial participants, leading to misclassification, is a threat to the integrity of randomized controlled trials. The correct identification of study subjects in large trials over prolonged periods is of vital importance to those conducting clinical trials. Currently used me...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/blt.06.031070

    authors: SonLa Study Group.

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Biomedical and development paradigms in AIDS prevention.

    abstract::In the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic different approaches can be distinguished, reflecting professional backgrounds, world views and political interests. One important distinction is between the biomedical and the development paradigms. The biomedical paradigm is characterized by individualization and the concep...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Wolffers I

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Monographs for medicines on WHO's Model List of Essential Medicines.

    abstract:Objective:To raise awareness about the importance of public pharmaceutical standards, identify if and, if so, where current pharmacopeias are falling short in the development of new and complete monographs and foster collaboration among the various pharmacopeias, to prioritize, develop and make available standards for ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.17.205807

    authors: Roth L,Adler M,Jain T,Bempong D

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of the micro-CATT, CATT/Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, and LATEX/T b gambiense methods for serodiagnosis and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis in West and Central Africa.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the performance of serological tests using dried blood on filter-papers (micro-card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (micro-CATT)) performed under field and laboratory conditions and using whole blood ((CATT/T.b. gambiense) (wb-CATT) and latex agglutination (LATEX/T.b. gambiense) (wb-LATEX))...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Truc P,Lejon V,Magnus E,Jamonneau V,Nangouma A,Verloo D,Penchenier L,Büscher P

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00