Abstract：
:Inherited resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides was discovered in populations of Rattus norvegicus about 14 years ago. Similar resistance has now been reported from several countries in north-western Europe and from the USA. In order to detect resistance and to control it effectively, basic data on the susceptibility of rat populations are required for each country, and trapping surveys should be made in any area where resistance is suspected. Acute poisons are needed to control resistant rats although the shift from anticoagulants to acute poisons is a retrograde step as far as efficiency is concerned, and increases the hazard of control operations to man and other animals. Resistance to anticoagulants in Mus musculus has been reported from England, and resistant mice are probably to be found in other countries also in view of the great individual variation in susceptibility of this species to these rodenticides.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Lund Msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1972-01-01 00:00:00pages
611-8issue
5eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Health technology assessment (HTA) is the multidisciplinary study of the implications of the development, diffusion and use of health technologies. It supports health-policy decisions by providing a joint knowledge base for decision-makers. To increase its policy relevance, HTA tries to extend beyond effectiveness and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.08.051078
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the Lamia Plain, Greece, 12 years after the cessation of DDT spraying, Anopheles sacharovi is still present in very high densities and appears to have the same biting habits and host preferences as previously. Mosquitos of this species are still resistant to DDT and dieldrin. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Technological advances in big data (large amounts of highly varied data from many different sources that may be processed rapidly), data sciences and artificial intelligence can improve health-system functions and promote personalized care and public good. However, these technologies will not replace the fundamental c...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.234732
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was undertaken in Bangalore City, India, to find out whether people with chest symptoms, including tuberculosis patients, attend general health institutions or report directly to tuberculosis clinics. The attendance for one day at 19 general dispensaries was investigated. Of the total of 2506 eligible persons ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method of assessing "atherosclerosis", if used according to certain rules, was shown in an earlier study to be capable of discriminating between groups of aortas or coronary arteries according to the quantity of certain defined lesions. It would not measure absolute amounts, but would show whether one group of speci...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To appraise the process of development and clinical content of national human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical practice guidelines of countries in the eastern Mediterranean and to formulate recommendations for future guideline development and adaptation. METHODS:Twenty-three countries in the World Healt...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.10.083790
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The plaque-neutralization method developed by Dulbecco and co-workers for the study of the virus of western equine encephalomyelitis in cultures of chick fibroblasts, though probably unequalled for accuracy, has not been adopted for general use in laboratories engaged in research on the arthropod-borne viruses, for tw...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter presents the findings arrived at by applying the resource allocation model to tuberculosis control in the Republic of Korea. Optimum subprogrammes are obtained for the four objectives of the programme: reduction of disability, impairment, excess mortality, and economic loss. These subprogrammes are discus...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Each of 87 strains of brucellae examined for its utilization of amino acid and carbohydrate substrates displayed a metabolic pattern that characterized it as to its species identity, irrespective of its serological and biochemical characters. Strains that displayed the metabolic pattern of Br. abortus were lysed by Br...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of oral ivermectin (IV) and two different modalities of topical benzyl benzoate (BB) for treating scabies in a community setting. METHODS:The trial included patients aged 5-65 years with scabies who attended the dermatology department at the Institut d'Hygiène Sociale in Dakar, S...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2471/blt.08.052308
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have attempted to prepare lysed BCG vaccines retaining the protective antigens of the BCG cell wall and yet eliciting in experimental animals limited sensitivity to the tuberculin substances, the advantage sought being to retain the usefulness of the tuberculin following vaccination as an indicator of supe...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The availability of affordable medicines is a major barrier to providing high-quality health care in many countries. Fatima Suleman talks to Fiona Fleck. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 传,历史文章,新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.17.031217
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccines constitute the single most important cost factor in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Mozambique and in view of future new disease-control initiatives, the proportional expenditure on vaccines will only increase. Airfreight may contribute up to at least 25% of the total cost of delivered vaccine...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eradication of smallpox required a unique, fully collaborative international effort on the part of WHO and Member States. In the course of the programme, many lessons were learned in its organization, execution and evaluation which have implications for other international activities. Most important among these wa...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in both urban and periurban areas of endemic countries have been changing as development progresses. The following different scenarios involving Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis are discussed: (1) infected persons entering n...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eradication of poliomyelitis in Cuba, for which effective vaccines had to be acquired, is reviewed in this article. The strategy for eradication was based on mass immunization campaigns for the annual delivery of two doses of trivalent Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Except during the first campaign in 1962, ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While an earlier live measles vaccine induced a high degree of immunity it also caused clinical reactions of variable severity in some vaccinated children. A number of attenuated measles vaccine strains have been developed to avoid these problems, and this paper reports the results of small-scale trials with 3 attenua...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of ringworm of the scalp in many countries, and the fact that many of the current measures to control it are inconvenient for mass use, lend particular interest to the account given in this paper of mass treatment of tinea capitis in an Arab village in Israel. A total of 446 cases were treated, on an am...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Haematological surveys of adult population samples were conducted simultaneously in 12 countries, all but one of which are in Europe. Haematological estimations on samples from nine of the countries were made in one central laboratory. Differences between countries in the mean levels of haemoglobin (and haematocrit an...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of a WHO-assisted survey of the distribution of Q fever in 32 countries and an analysis of reports published to date indicate that Q fever exists in 51 countries on five continents. Q-fever infection was most often reported in man and the domestic ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, and goats.The disease was...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Now that the global eradication of wild poliovirus is almost within sight, planning for the post-certification era is becoming a priority issue. It is agreed that a stockpile of appropriate polio vaccines will need to be established, and a surveillance and response capacity will need to be maintained, in order to prot...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Overall mortality rates are higher among cigarette smokers than non-smokers. However, very little is known about the health effects of other forms of tobacco use widely prevalent in India, such as bidi smoking and various forms of smokeless tobacco (e.g. chewing betel-quid). We therefore carried out a coho...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many health facilities in east Africa, haemoglobin estimation is performed using visual colour comparison methods. Efforts to establish colorimetric methods face numerous constraints, including the unavailability of standards for quality control. In contrast, the alkaline haematin D-575 method for haemoglobin estim...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serological identification of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood is the most widely used method to diagnose HIV infection. Recently, however, the use of oral fluid samples for the detection of antibodies to HIV has been suggested as an alternative. This review describes some basic informatio...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PROBLEM:In 2010, dengue virus (DENV) serotype-4 was detected during a dengue outbreak in the Amazonian city of Boa Vista. At that time Brazil was already endemic for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. This was the first time DENV-4 was observed in the country after it was initially detected and eliminated in 1981. APPROACH:To...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.119081
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two regimens of fluid and electrolyte therapy were studied in children with severe cholera and noncholera diarrhoea. In one, lactated Ringer's solution was the sole intravenous fluid, additional water, glucose, and potassium being given by mouth. In the other, three different intravenous solutions were employed to mee...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DEC (diethylcarbamazine)-medicated salt, at a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mg per 100 mg, was given to the entire population of Karaikal (119 978) in South India for a 4-year period from 1982. The per capita consumption of DEC in medicated salt was 13.3 grams for the entire period. The prevalence of microfilaraemia dec...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine trends in the causes of death in a West African town. Mortality caused by infectious diseases is reported to be declining while degenerative and man-made mortality factors are increasingly significant. Most mortality analyses for sub-Saharan Africa have involved extrapolation and have not been de...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The history of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) research is reviewed from the point of view of whether the main discoveries concerning LCM pathogenesis have stemmed from animal or in vitro research methods. Most of the results initially stemmed from animal experiments, but in recent years recourse has increasingly b...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A modified ovitrap from which larvae could not escape was employed for one year for the control of Aedes aegypti at Blossom Heights, Houston, Texas. At the end of this period, the Breteau index in the ovitrap area had declined by 36%, in contrast to a sharp increase of nearly 500% in the non-ovitrap area. The premises...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
