Challenges encountered using standard vector control measures for dengue in Boa Vista, Brazil.

Abstract:

PROBLEM:In 2010, dengue virus (DENV) serotype-4 was detected during a dengue outbreak in the Amazonian city of Boa Vista. At that time Brazil was already endemic for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. This was the first time DENV-4 was observed in the country after it was initially detected and eliminated in 1981. APPROACH:To hinder the spread of DENV-4 throughout Brazil, standard vector control measures were intensified. Vector control professionals visited 56 837 households in 22 out of 31 districts of Boa Vista, to eliminate mosquito-breeding sites. Water storage containers were treated with the larvicide diflubenzuron, and deltamethrin was sprayed for adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Fifteen days later, a second larvae survey and additional deltamethrin applications were performed. LOCAL SETTING:In Brazil, dengue vector control is managed at all three government levels. Regular surveillance of Aedes aegypti is done four to six times a year to strengthen mosquito control activities in areas with high-vector density. Educational dengue control campaigns in communities are scarce, especially between outbreaks. RELEVANT CHANGES:In spite of extensive implementation of all standard control actions recommended by the Brazilian dengue control programme, only a slight decrease in mosquito density was detected. LESSONS LEARNT:There is a need to redesign all levels of dengue control. Public consultation and engagement, behaviour change and actions that go beyond technical impositions are required. Vector control programme managers need to reflect on what constitutes good practices and whether intermittent information campaigns are effective measures for dengue prevention and control. PROBLÈME:En 2010, le sérotype-4 du virus de la dengue (DENV) a été détecté pendant une épidémie de dengue dans la ville amazonienne de Boa Vista. À l'époque, le Brésil était déjà endémique pour les sérotypes DENV-1, DENV-2 et DENV-3. C'était la première fois que le sérotype DENV-4 était observé dans le pays après avoir été initialement détecté et éliminé en 1981. APPROCHE:Pour empêcher la propagation de DENV-4 dans tout le Brésil, les mesures standard de lutte antivectorielle ont été intensifiées. Des professionnels de la lutte antivectorielle ont rendu visite à 56 837 ménages dans 22 des 31 districts de Boa Vista pour éliminer les sites de reproduction des moustiques. Les réservoirs d'eau ont été traités avec le larvicide diflubenzuron, et de la deltaméthrine a été pulvérisée pour éliminer les moustiques adultes Aedes aegypti. Quinze jours plus tard, une deuxième évaluation des larves et des applications supplémentaires de deltaméthrine ont été effectuées. ENVIRONNEMENT LOCAL:Au Brésil, la lutte antivectorielle de la dengue est gérée aux trois niveaux gouvernementaux. La surveillance régulière des moustiques Aedes aegypti est effectuée 4 à 6 fois par an pour renforcer les activités de lutte contre les moustiques dans les zones à densité élevée de vecteurs. Les campagnes d'information pour lutter contre la dengue dans les communautés sont rares, en particulier entre les épidémies. CHANGEMENTS SIGNIFICATIFS:Malgré la mise en œuvre étendue de toutes les actions standard de lutte recommandées par le programme brésilien de lutte contre la dengue, seule une légère diminution de la densité des moustiques a été détectée. LEÇONS TIRÉES:Il est nécessaire de redessiner tous les niveaux de la lutte contre la dengue. La consultation et l'engagement du public, le changement de comportement et des actions qui vont au-delà des impositions techniques sont requis. Les directeurs des programmes de lutte antivectorielle doivent réfléchir sur ce qui constitue de bonnes pratiques et évaluer si les campagnes intermittentes d'information sont des mesures efficaces pour la prévention et la lutte contre la dengue. SITUACIÓN:En el año 2010 se detectó el serotipo 4 del virus del dengue (DENV) durante un brote de dengue en la ciudad amazónica de Boa Vista. En aquel momento, en Brasil ya eran endémicos los serotipos DENV-1, DENV-2 y DENV-3. Tras su detección inicial y eliminación en 1981, esta fue la primera vez que se volvía a observar el DENV-4 en el país. ENFOQUE:Con objeto de impedir la propagación del DENV-4 por todo Brasil, se intensificaron las medidas de control vectorial estándar. Profesionales del control vectorial visitaron 56 837 hogares en 22 de los 31 distritos de Boa Vista para eliminar los criaderos de mosquitos. Los recipientes de almacenamiento de agua se trataron con el larvicida diflubenzuron, y se roció deltametrina contra los mosquitos adultos Aedes aegypti. Quince días más tarde se llevó a cabo una segunda encuesta de larvas y se realizaron aplicaciones adicionales de deltametrina. MARCO REGIONAL:En Brasil, el control vectorial del dengue se gestiona en los tres niveles gubernamentales. El control regular de Aedes aegypti se realiza de cuatro a seis veces al año para reforzar las actividades de control de los mosquitos en áreas con una densidad vectorial elevada. Las campañas educativas en las comunidades sobre el control del dengue son escasas, especialmente entre los brotes. CAMBIOS IMPORTANTES:A pesar de la amplia aplicación de todas las acciones de control estándar recomendadas por el programa de control del dengue brasileño, únicamente se detectó una disminución leve en la densidad de mosquitos. LECCIONES APRENDIDAS:Hay una necesidad de rediseñar todos los niveles de control del dengue. Son necesarios una consulta y compromiso públicos, un cambio en el comportamiento y acciones que vayan más allá de las imposiciones técnicas. Los directores de los programas de control vectorial deben reflexionar sobre qué constituye las buenas prácticas y si las campañas de información intermitentes son medidas eficaces para controlar y prevenir el dengue. المشكلة:في عام 2010، تم اكتشاف النمط المصلي 4 من فيروس حمى الضنك (DENV) خلال فاشية لحمى الضنك في مدينة بوا فيستا الواقعة على نهر الأمازون. وفي هذا الوقت، كانت الأنماط المصلية 1 و2 و3 من فيروس حمى الضنك متوطنة بالفعل. وكانت هذه أول مرة يلاحظ فيها النمط المصلي 4 من هذا الفيروس في البلد بعدما تم اكتشافه في البداية واستئصاله في عام 1981. الأسلوب:تم تكثيف التدابير الموحدة لمكافحة النواقل لإعاقة انتشار النمط المصلي 4 من فيروس حمى الضنك في جميع أرجاء البرازيل. وقام العاملون في مكافحة النواقل بزيارة 56837أسرة في22 من أصل 31 منطقة في بوا فيستا، لاستئصال مواقع تكاثر البعوض. وتم معالجة حاويات تخزين المياه باستخدام الدايفلوبنزرون المبيد لليرقات وتم رش دلتاميثرين على بعوضة الزاعجة المصرية البالغة، وأجري بعدها بخمسة عشر يوماً مسحاً ثانياً عن اليرقات واستعمالات الدلتاميثرين الإضافية. المواقع المحلية:يتم تنفيذ التدبير العلاجي لمكافحة نواقل حمى الضنك على جميع المستويات الحكومية الثلاثة. ويجرى الترصد المنتظم لجنس البعوضة الزاعجة المصرية من أربع إلى ست مرات سنوياً لتعزيز أنشطة مكافحة البعوض في المناطق ذات الكثافة العالية من النواقل. وتندر الحملات التثقيفية لمكافحة حمى الضنك في المجتمعات المحلية، لا سيما بين الفاشيات. التغيّرات ذات الصلة:على الرغم من التنفيذ الشامل لجميع إجراءات المكافحة الموحدة التي أوصى بها برنامج مكافحة حمى الضنك في البرازيل، كان الانخفاض المكتشف في كثافة البعوض طفيفاً. الدروس المستفادة:ثمة حاجة لإعادة تصميم جميع مستويات مكافحة حمى الضنك. ويتعين وجود مشاورات ومشاركة عامة وتغيير للسلوك والإجراءات تتخطى العوائق التقنية. ويجب على مدراء برنامج مكافحة النواقل التفكير ملياً للتعرف على ما يشكل الممارسات الجيدة وما إذا كانت حملات التثقيف المتقطعة تمثل تدابير فعالة لتوقي حمى الضنك ومكافحتها. 问题:2010年在亚马逊河城市博阿维斯塔爆发登革热期间检测到登革热病毒(DENV)血清分型-4。当时,巴西已经发生了DENV-1、DENV-2和DENV-3地方病。这是继1981年最初检测并消灭DENV-4之后,首次在该国发现DENV-4。 方法:为防止DENV-4在巴西的全面蔓延,加强了标准病媒控制措施。病媒控制专业人员走访了博阿维斯塔31个区中22个区的56 837户家庭,以消除蚊虫孳生地点。使用杀幼虫剂二氟脲处理储水容器,喷洒溴氰菊酯对付成年埃及伊蚊。十五天后,执行第二次幼虫调查,并施用额外的溴氰菊酯。 当地状况:巴西在所有三个政府层面进行登革热病媒控制的管理。每年进行四到六次埃及伊蚊定期监测,以便加强病媒密度高地区的蚊虫活动控制。社区中教育性的登革热防治活动非常少,在疫情爆发之间尤其如此。 相关变化:尽管广泛实施巴西登革热防治计划建议的所有标准控制行动,仅检测到蚊虫密度的轻微降低。 经验教训:需要重新设计登革热控制的各个层面。需要有公共协商和参与、行为改变和超越技术实施的行动。病媒控制项目管理人员需要反思什么才是良好实践的构成要素,间断性的信息宣传活动是否是登革热预防和控制的有效措施。 Проблема:В 2010 году, во время вспышки лихорадки денге в городе Боа-Виста в бассейне реки Амазонки, был обнаружен вирус денге 4-го серотипа (DENV-4). К этому времени Бразилия уже являлась эндемичной по серотипам DENV-1, DENV-2 и DENV-3. Серотип DENV-4 наблюдалсяв страневпервыепосле первоначального выявления ​​и ликвидации в 1981 году. Подход:Для воспрепятствования распространению серотипа DENV-4 по всей Бразилии, были усилены стандартные меры по борьбе с переносчиками инфекций. Для уничтожения мест размножения комаров специалисты службы по борьбе с переносчиками инфекций посетили 56 837 домохозяйств в 22 из 31 района города Боа-Виста. Контейнеры для хранения воды обрабатывались ларвицидом дифлубензурон, а для борьбы со взрослыми особями желтолихорадочных комаровAedesAegypti распылялся дельтаметрин. Спустя 15 дней было проведено второе исследование на предмет наличия личинок и произведена дополнительная обработка дельтаметрином. Местные условия:В Бразилии борьба с переносчиками лихорадки денге контролируется на всех трех правительственных уровнях. Надзор за AedesAegypti проводится регулярно 4-6 раз в год для усиления мероприятий по борьбе с комарами в районах с высокой плотностью переносчиков инфекций. Просветительские мероприятия по контролю залихорадкой денге в сообществах проводятся редко, особенно в периоды между вспышками. Осуществленные перемены:Несмотря на широкомасштабное проведение всех стандартных мероприятий по борьбе с переносчиками инфекций, рекомендованных Бразильской программой по борьбе с лихорадкой денге, удалось достичь лишь незначительного снижения плотности комаров. Выводы:Необходим пересмотр мероприятий по борьбе с лихорадкой денге на всех уровнях. Требуется участие и проведение консультаций с общественностью, изменение модели поведения и действия, выходящие за рамки технических мер. Руководителям программы по борьбе с переносчиками инфекций необходимо проанализировать передовые практики и решить, являются ли периодические информационные кампании эффективной мерой по профилактике и борьбе с лихорадкой денге.

authors

Maciel-de-Freitas R,Valle D

doi

10.2471/BLT.13.119081

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-09-01 00:00:00

pages

685-9

issue

9

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.13.119081

journal_volume

92

pub_type

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  • Experimental infection of animals with influenzavirus types A and B.

    abstract::The knowledge that domestic cats were susceptible to infection with freshly isolated A/Hong Kong/68 influenzavirus led to studies on the susceptibility of some other animal species to this virus, as well as to studies on the ability of egg-passaged Hong Kong virus and an Asian virus to infect cats. The ability of a re...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Paniker CK,Nair CM

    更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00

  • Reforms for financial protection schemes towards universal health coverage, Senegal.

    abstract::Advancing the public health insurance system is one of the key strategies of the Senegalese government for achieving universal health coverage. In 2013, the government launched a universal health financial protection programme, la Couverture Maladie Universelle. One of the programme's aims was to establish a community...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.19.239665

    authors: Daff BM,Diouf S,Diop ESM,Mano Y,Nakamura R,Sy MM,Tobe M,Togawa S,Ngom M

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • The use of cyst antigen in the serodiagnosis of amoebiasis.

    abstract::The choice of a specific and pure antigen is one of the many problems in the serodiagnosis of amoebic infection. Microbial associates in amoebic cultures have often given rise to confusing results in these tests. Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites grown axenically provide a useful source of antigen but the axenic medi...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Yap EH,Zaman V,Aw SE

    更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiological studies on onchocerciasis by means of a new field technique.

    abstract::A new membrane filter concentration technique for the detection and quantification of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in skin snips was compared for sensitivity and efficiency with a widely used "standard" technique. A field study was carried out in five villages in an onchocerciasis focus north-east of the town of ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Scheiber P,Braun-Munzinger RA,Southgate BA,Agbo KN

    更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00

  • Development and decline of antiplasmodial indirect fluorescent antibodies in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65) and treated with drugs.

    abstract::Malaria parasites in mice present a simplified rodent model for the immunological study of malaria. Experiments have been performed to determine the pattern and persistence of malaria antibody as detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test utilizing specific antimouse IgM and IgG conjugates. The antibody ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Waki S,Suzuki M

    更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00

  • Teguest Guerma: making a difference in public health.

    abstract::Teguest Guerma talks to Gary Humphreys about her career in public health, and her commitment to training midwives in Ethiopia. ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 传,历史文章,面试,新闻

    doi:10.2471/BLT.19.030919

    authors:

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery in a public health eye care programme in Nepal.

    abstract::Presented is an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery using cost and services data from the Lumbini Zonal Eye Care Programme in Nepal. The analysis suggests that cataract surgery may be even more cost-effective than previously reported. Under a "best estimate" scenario, cataract surgery had a cost o...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Marseille E

    更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00

  • Early diagnosis and clinical picture of malaria.

    abstract::As a result of extensive travel and temporary residence by people in areas where malaria is endemic, the disease is being reimported into countries from which it has been eradicated. Owing to the lack of experience of malaria on the part of present-day physicians and the atypical presentation of some forms of the dise...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Falisevac J

    更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of a control programme on transmission of Schistosoma mansoni on an irrigated estate in Tanzania.

    abstract::Three methods were used to measure the level of transmission of infections of Schistosoma mansoni on an irrigated sugar estate in northern Tanzania. The studies were carried out over a period of 3 years, during a programme for the control of the host snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi. During the second and third years a ma...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Fenwick A

    更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00