Abstract：
:Hepatic damage caused by chronic exposure to arsenic has been frequently described. Here we report on 13 patients from West Bengal, India, who consumed large amounts of arsenic in drinking water. An epidemiological investigation of the study area showed evidence of chronic arsenical dermatosis and hepatomegaly in 62 (92.5%) of 67 members of families who drank contaminated water (arsenic level, 0.2-2 mg/l). In contrast, only six (6.25%) of 96 persons from the same area who drank safe water (arsenic level, <0.05 mg/l) had non-specific hepatomegaly, while none had skin lesions. Hepatomegaly occurred in all the 13 patients who were studied in detail, although five had splenomegaly. Biopsy of samples of liver from these patients revealed various degrees of fibrosis and expansion of the portal zone that resembled non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF).
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Guha Mazumder DN,Chakraborty AK,Ghose A,Gupta JD,Chakraborty DP,Dey SB,Chattopadhyay Nsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-01-01 00:00:00pages
499-506issue
4eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
66pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A total of 28 000 persons with fibrotic pulmonary lesions compatible with tuberculosis were followed for five years after receiving 12, 24, or 52 weeks of preventive treatment with isoniazid or placebo.Compared with placebo, 12 weeks of isoniazid eliminated less than one-third, and 24 weeks eliminated two-thirds of th...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biological and molecular properties of both virulent and vaccine types of influenza virus strains are reviewed, including their analysis in laboratory animals and in organ tissue cultures, as well as studies of their genome peculiarities. Methods are discussed for obtaining attenuated donor strains of influenza vi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper is a report on an attempt to study seasonal variations in endemic cholera in West Bengal by statistical analysis of monthly mortality records over a 21-year period. The annual death-rates have been calculated for each month in each district and the average of the seven lowest rates in each district is plott...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rabbits have commonly been used for testing the blood-level duration limit of penicillin, but have proved not to be entirely suitable. Experiments reported in this paper on the use of sheep suggest that these animals can be successfully used for the testing of procaine benzylpenicillin with aluminium monostearate (PAM...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enzyme immunoassays represent in many cases the preferred procedure for the detection of antigens or corresponding antibodies. However, many of the current procedures are performed suboptimally. This article reviews the available designs, auxiliary recognition systems, production and purification of antibodies, conjug...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With an increasing number of malaria eradication programmes approaching or entering the consolidation phase, the epidemiological features of disappearing malaria are getting better known and defined. At the same time, the old classical methods of measuring malaria prevalence have become inadequate and new methods for ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Handicap is the result of a process of disablement whose origin is a pathological condition (disease). According to some definitions of health (e.g., a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being), the classical biomedical concept is too restrictive to cover all the consequences of disease. New models hav...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The idea that malaria in South-East Asia is synonymous with adult malaria is questioned in this paper. In the Lao People's Democratic Republic, community-based malariometric data were collected in Savannakhet Province, which shares borders with Viet Nam in the east and Thailand in the west. The data indicate that ende...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To estimate population-wide hepatitis B and C seroprevalence using dried blood spot samples acquired for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance as part of the 2010-2011 Demographic and Health Survey in Burkina Faso. Methods:We used the database acquired during the multistage, clustered, population-b...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.208603
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate physical activity during leisure time and commuting among persons aged 15-69 years in the urban population of Tianjin, China, and to assess its associations with demographic and health-related characteristics. METHODS:In 1996 a cross-sectional survey of 2002 males and 1974 females provided inf...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water velocity is an important physical factor in the conditioning of streams and canals as habitats for the intermediate snail host of bilharziasis. Ecologists in most of the bilharziasis endemic areas have studied the resistance of these molluscs to the disturbing action of water motion. However, the complex nature ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the international agreement governing responses to public health emergencies, with some experts calling for its revision. Lynn Eaton and Gary Humphreys report. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.20.020620
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efficacy of standard potency Edmonston-Zagreb (E-Z) measles vaccine was tested in a randomized trial of Black infants in a rural area of South Africa where a measles epidemic was occurring. The following immunization schedules were used: 48 infants aged 4-8.5 months who received 3.9 log 50 infectious units of E-Z ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early identification of children at high risk of diarrhoea-associated dehydration would be of great value to health care workers in developing countries. To identify prognostic factors for life-threatening dehydration, we carried out a case-control study among under-2-year-olds in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Cases were 192 ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess government actions to improve the healthiness of food environments in New Zealand, based on the healthy food environment policy index. METHODS:A panel of 52 public health experts rated the extent of government implementation against international best practice for 42 indicators of food environment ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.14.145540
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro studies have shown that exogenously supplied amino acids are transferred into the malaria-infected cell, where they are incorporated into proteins. Most amino acids appear to enter the cell by facilitated or simple diffusion; however, the high distribution ratios seen in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected cells are...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the validity (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values) of a clinical algorithm as used by community health workers (CHWs) to detect and classify neonatal illness during routine household visits in rural Bangladesh. METHODS:CHWs evaluated breastfeeding and symptoms an...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.07.050666
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present there is no reliable test for use under field conditions for assessing cure in schistosomal infections. It had previously been found that in such infections the excretion of beta-glucuronidase in the urine is increased, but a test based on this fact would be impracticable in the field because of the need to...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of drugs and drug combinations were tested both in vitro and in vivo against pathogens causing actinomycetoma and maduromycetoma. Of 144 patients with actinomycetoma treated, 63.2% were cured, 21.5% showed great improvement in their condition, and 11.1% showed some improvement. Treatment was successful even w...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Simultaneously with the development of vaccines against diphtheria, the authors and their colleagues have studied the biological properties of the causative agent, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and its role in the development of epidemics. This study has been made possible by the development of a lysotyping scheme for ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurements of child growth have become the most accepted means of assessing the protein-calorie nutritional status of economically developing populations. International reference standards have been suggested for a number of body measurements, but there has been little evaluation of their applicability in South-East...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perinatal, fetal and early neonatal mortality rates were determined in a population of 7392 babies born in hospitals in Pelotas (total population, 260 000) during 1982. These babies represented over 99% of all births in the city in that year. The perinatal mortality rate for singletons was 31.9 per 1000 total births, ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many developing countries the haemoglobinopathies (thalassaemias and sickle-cell disorder) are so common that they provide a convenient model for working out a genetic approach to control of chronic childhood diseases. At present, about 250 million people (4.5% of the world population) carry a potentially pathologi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From the standpoint of nutritional needs, physiological maturation, and immunological safety the provision of foods other than breast milk before about four months of age is unnecessary and may also be harmful. On the other hand, many infants require some complementary feeding by about six months of age. There are a n...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the first attempt at vaccination more than 200 years ago, debate has been ongoing about the relative benefits and risks. However, debate was overshadowed by the threat of crippling illness and death. Over the years, vaccination programs succeeded in its goals: eradication of smallpox, near eradication of polio,...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potency determinations in mice of venom samples from snakes of the species Bothrops jararaca, which had been caught in an area of less than 10 000 km(2), gave the following principal results:(1) Various methods of drying-i.e., closed and continuous vacuum-drying at 5 degrees and 37 degrees C and freeze-drying (lyophil...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1958-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a result of extensive travel and temporary residence by people in areas where malaria is endemic, the disease is being reimported into countries from which it has been eradicated. Owing to the lack of experience of malaria on the part of present-day physicians and the atypical presentation of some forms of the dise...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A retrospective survey, based on a standardized questionnaire sent to qualified public health experts in tuberculosis in 50 European countries, was carried out to evaluate the following: concordance between national vaccination programmes and WHO recommendations on BCG vaccination for prevention of tuberculosis; relat...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malathion shows promise as a substitute for chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides in the control of malaria whenever the latter are unsuitable because of Anopheles resistance or other reasons. A field trial of malathion was carried out in 1963-64, covering an area of about 500 km(2) with a population of about 26 000, i...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1954-55, a controlled field trial of two types of typhoid vaccine-alcoholized ("vaccine A") and phenolized ("vaccine F")-prepared in Yugoslavia was carried out in the town and district of Osijek. In an attempt to correlate the protection conferred on man by these vaccines with their potency in laboratory animals, a...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00
