Abstract：
:This paper examines two innovative educational initiatives for the Ecuadorian public health workforce: a Canadian-funded Masters programme in ecosystem approaches to health that focuses on building capacity to manage environmental health risks sustainably; and the training of Ecuadorians at the Latin American School of Medicine in Cuba (known as Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina in Spanish). We apply a typology for analysing how training programmes address the needs of marginalized populations and build capacity for addressing health determinants. We highlight some ways we can learn from such training programmes with particular regard to lessons, barriers and opportunities for their sustainability at the local, national and international levels and for pursuing similar initiatives in other countries and contexts. We conclude that educational efforts focused on the challenges of marginalization and the determinants of health require explicit attention not only to the knowledge, attitudes and skills of graduates but also on effectively engaging the health settings and systems that will reinforce the establishment and retention of capacity in low- and middle-income settings where this is most needed.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Parkes MW,Spiegel J,Breilh J,Cabarcas F,Huish R,Yassi Adoi
10.2471/blt.07.045393subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
312-9issue
4eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604pii
S0042-96862009000400017journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The duration of immunity conferred by yellow fever vaccine is as yet undetermined. In this study the neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to yellow fever were investigated in 108 persons living in Pouso Alegre, Brazil, where yellow fever has never been reported. These persons had been vaccinated wi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Tbilisi, Georgia. METHODS:We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis from May 2011 to November 2013. History of tobacco smoking was collected using a standardized questionnaire ad...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.14.147439
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the USA, the concept of an occupational health programme has grown steadily, and now embraces the total health of the worker. Elements of basic in-plant health programmes have been identified and patterns developed for successful operation.Today, health services in small plants still fall far short of optimal requi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A batch of highly purified streptomycin sulfate has been examined by nine laboratories in six different countries and has been assayed against the First International Standard for Streptomycin. The material examined has been established as the Second International Standard for Streptomycin, and the International Unit ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Catchy music spots and engaging storylines can help to convey important public health messages, but do they improve our health? Gary Humphreys and Fiona Fleck report. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.15.020715
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether home visits for neonatal care by community health workers can reduce infant and neonatal deaths and stillbirths in resource-limited settings. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review up to 2008 of controlled trials comparing various intervention packages, one of them being home visits fo...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.09.069369
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To estimate the use of hospitals for four essential primary care services offered in health centres in low- and middle-income countries and to explore differences in quality between hospitals and health centres. Methods:We extracted data from all demographic and health surveys conducted since 2010 on the typ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.245563
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An outbreak of spastic paraparesis which mostly affected women and children occurred in a northern province of Mozambique in 1981. The epidemic was related to chronic cyanide intoxication associated with a diet consisting almost exclusively of cassava. A prolonged drought in the area had exhausted all food resources e...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the direct medical costs of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) to the National Brazilian Health-Care System (NBHCS) and quantify the contribution of each individual component to the total cost. METHODS:A retrospective, cross-sectional, nationwide multicentre study was conducted between 2008 and 201...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.2471/BLT.12.110387
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple grading system for trachoma, based on the presence or absence of five selected "key" signs, has been developed. The method was tested in the field and showed good observer agreement, the most critical point being the identification of severe cases of the disease. It is expected that the system will facilitate...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the adaptation and scaling-up of an intervention to improve the visual health of children in the Apurimac region, Peru. METHODS:In a pilot screening programme in 2009-2010, 26 schoolteachers were trained to detect and refer visual acuity problems in schoolchildren in one district in Apurimac. To ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.15.163634
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the demographic and health impact of deploying health service nurses and volunteers to village locations with a view to scaling up results. METHODS:A four-celled plausibility trial was used for testing the impact of aligning community health services with the traditional social institutions that...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.06.030064
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibody NYS4 recognizes a single 140 kDa antigen on the surface of Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites, an antigen which is distinct from the extensively characterized circumsporozoite (CS) protein. To more thoroughly characterize this additional surface component, a genomic expression library was screened with ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the extent to which the community-directed approach used in onchocerciasis control in Africa could effectively and efficiently provide integrated delivery of other health interventions. METHODS:A three-year experimental study was undertaken in 35 health districts from 2005 to 2007 in seven resea...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.2471/BLT.09.069203
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccines constitute the single most important cost factor in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Mozambique and in view of future new disease-control initiatives, the proportional expenditure on vaccines will only increase. Airfreight may contribute up to at least 25% of the total cost of delivered vaccine...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the study reported was to investigate the hypothesis that a diet low in protein would affect ability to detoxify pesticides. If this were so, the results would have application to use of pesticides in areas of the world where the diet is normally low in protein. To test the hypothesis, weanling albino...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The large epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom has been in decline since 1992, but has spread to other countries. The extensive control measures that have been put in place across the European Union and also in Switzerland should have brought the transmission of BSE under control in...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study spanning 10 years indicates that the erythrocytic stages of malarial parasites can be stored indefinitely in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen without significant loss of infectivity. The results also suggest that loss due to the recovery procedures exceeds any loss that may have occurred during freezing and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mental health services are becoming more widely available than ever before to the Syrian population in spite of the crisis. Dale Gavlak reports. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.16.020116
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept proposed by WHO of an essential drugs list that should comprise drugs corresponding to the health needs of the majority of the people has been embraced by countries, which have adapted it to their needs. In this study, the essential antibacterial drug lists of 16 countries chosen from the six WHO regions a...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three experiments were carried out in field cages to test the principle of "transport" of a desirable gene or chromosome into a wild Culex fatigans population as a result of the sterility in cross-matings associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility. Cycling populations of Delhi origin were established in the cages and...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early identification of children at high risk of diarrhoea-associated dehydration would be of great value to health care workers in developing countries. To identify prognostic factors for life-threatening dehydration, we carried out a case-control study among under-2-year-olds in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Cases were 192 ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper Lassa virus is used as a model in pinpointing priorities for future research on the arenaviruses. Suggestions for specific investigations and public health measures cover the detection of Lassa virus infection, the pathology and therapy of the disease, and its prevention and control. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modern vector control campaigns cannot be conducted efficiently and economically unless the organization is staffed with personnel having a high standard of training. Both professional and non-professional personnel are employed at different levels in the organization and the type of training they require depends upon...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1963-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To characterize patent and proprietary medicine vendors and shops in Nigeria and to assess their ability to help improve access to high-quality, primary health-care services. METHODS:In 2013 and 2014, a census of patent and proprietary medicine shops in 16 states of Nigeria was carried out to determine: (i) ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.15.154666
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The international unit of colistin methane sulfonate has been defined by collaborative assay as the activity contained in 0.00007874 mg of the international reference preparation. The definition was based on results from 7 laboratories in 5 countries which carried out assays against their existing national standards. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Problem:Slovenia's model of primary health care relied on reactive, episodic care and was ill-equipped to address the country's burden of disease dominated by noncommunicable diseases. Approach:The government has developed a multidisciplinary, community-based, prevention-oriented service delivery model for primary hea...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.239616
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of drugs and drug combinations were tested both in vitro and in vivo against pathogens causing actinomycetoma and maduromycetoma. Of 144 patients with actinomycetoma treated, 63.2% were cured, 21.5% showed great improvement in their condition, and 11.1% showed some improvement. Treatment was successful even w...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors describe some experiments carried out to determine the effect of moisture, temperature, and pressure on the suspensibility of DDT water-dispersible powders.It was found that the removal of moisture brought about a slight increase in suspensibility; that heating for one hour at temperatures below 70 degrees...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies were conducted each month for one year to determine the cercarial-incubation periods of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis in Bulinus truncatus for different months of infection. The snails were kept in outdoor aquaria in order to simulate the natural temperature conditions in the endemic bilharzias...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
