Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a prospective cohort study in Georgia.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of tobacco smoking on the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Tbilisi, Georgia. METHODS:We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis from May 2011 to November 2013. History of tobacco smoking was collected using a standardized questionnaire adapted from the global adult tobacco survey. We considered tuberculosis therapy to have a poor outcome if participants defaulted, failed treatment or died. We used multivariable regressions to estimate the risk of a poor treatment outcome. FINDINGS:Of the 591 tuberculosis patients enrolled, 188 (31.8%) were past smokers and 271 (45.9%) were current smokers. Ninety (33.2%) of the current smokers and 24 (18.2%) of the participants who had never smoked had previously been treated for tuberculosis (P < 0.01). Treatment outcome data were available for 524 of the participants, of whom 128 (24.4%) - including 80 (32.9%) of the 243 current smokers and 21 (17.2%) of the 122 individuals who had never smoked - had a poor treatment outcome. Compared with those who had never smoked, current smokers had an increased risk of poor treatment outcome (adjusted relative risk, aRR: 1.70; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00-2.90). Those who had ceased smoking more than two months before enrolment did not have such an increased risk (aRR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.51-1.99). CONCLUSION:There is a high prevalence of smoking among patients with tuberculosis in Georgia and smoking increases the risk of a poor treatment outcome. OBJECTIF:Évaluer l'effet du tabagisme sur les résultats des traitements antituberculeux à Tbilissi, en Géorgie. MÉTHODES:Nous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte prospective chez des adultes atteints de tuberculose confirmée en laboratoire, de mai 2011 à novembre 2013. Les antécédents de tabagisme ont été recueillis à l'aide d'un questionnaire standardisé, adapté de l'enquête mondiale sur le tabagisme des adultes. Nous avons considéré que les résultats du traitement antituberculeux étaient mauvais si les participants ne l'avaient pas respecté, n'avaient pas répondu au traitement ou étaient décédés. Nous avons utilisé des régressions multivariées pour estimer le risque de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques. RÉSULTATS:Sur les 591 patients atteints de tuberculose, 188 (31,8%) étaient d'anciens fumeurs et 271 (45,9%) fumaient encore. Quatre-vingt-dix (33,2%) fumeurs actuels et 24 (18,2%) participants n'ayant jamais fumé avaient précédemment pris un traitement contre la tuberculose (P < 0,01). Les données sur les résultats des traitements étaient disponibles pour 524 des participants, sur lesquels 128 (24,4%) – dont 80 (32,9%) des 243 fumeurs actuels et 21 (17,2%) des 122 personnes n'ayant jamais fumé – montraient de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques. Comparés aux personnes n'ayant jamais fumé, les fumeurs actuels présentaient un risque accru de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques (risque relatif ajusté, RRa : 1,70 ; intervalle de confiance de 95%, IC : 1,00-2,90). Les personnes qui avaient arrêté de fumer plus de deux mois avant leur inclusion à l'étude ne présentaient pas une telle augmentation du risque (RRa : 1,01 ; IC de 95% : 0,51-1,99). CONCLUSION:Il existe une forte prévalence de tabagisme chez les patients atteints de tuberculose en Géorgie et le tabagisme augmente le risque de mauvais résultats thérapeutiques. OBJETIVO:Evaluar los efectos del consumo de tabaco en los resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis en Tbilisi, Georgia. MÉTODOS:Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohortes prospectivo en adultos con tuberculosis confirmada mediante pruebas de laboratorio de mayo de 2011 a noviembre de 2013. Se recopiló información sobre el consumo de tabaco mediante un cuestionario normalizado adaptado a partir de la Encuesta Mundial sobre el Tabaco y los Adultos. Se consideró que los resultados de la terapia antituberculosa eran deficientes si los participantes incumplían el tratamiento, no lo realizaban o morían. Se utilizaron regresiones multivariables para estimar el riesgo de obtener unos resultados deficientes del tratamiento. RESULTADOS:De los 591 pacientes con tuberculosis inscritos, 188 (31,8%) eran antiguos fumadores y 271 (45,9%) eran fumadores actuales. Noventa (33,2%) de los fumadores actuales y 24 (18,2%) de los participantes que no habían fumado nunca habían recibido tratamiento para la tuberculosis anteriormente (P < 0,01). Los datos sobre los resultados del tratamiento estuvieron disponibles para 524 de los participantes, de los cuales 128 (24,4%) (incluyendo los 80 (32,9%) de los 243 fumadores y 21 (17,2%) de las 122 personas que nunca habían fumado) obtuvieron unos resultados deficientes del tratamiento. En comparación con las personas que no habían fumado nunca, los fumadores actuales tenían un riesgo superior de obtener unos resultados deficientes del tratamiento (riesgo relativo ajustado, RRa: 1,70; intervalo de confianza, IC, del 95%: 1,00–2,90). Aquellas personas que habían dejado de fumar más de dos meses antes de la inscripción no experimentaban un aumento del riesgo tan elevado (RRa: 1,01 (IC del 95%: 0,51–1,99). CONCLUSIÓN:Existe una elevada prevalencia de consumo de tabaco entre los pacientes con tuberculosis en Georgia y el consumo de tabaco aumenta el riesgo de obtener unos resultados deficientes del tratamiento. الغرض:لتقييم التأثير الناتج عن تدخين التبغ على حصيلة علاج مرض السل في تبلّيسي، جورجيا. الطريقة:لقد أجرينا دراسة أترابية استباقية على البالغين الذين يعانون من مرض السل المؤكد مختبريًا في الفترة ما بين أيار/مايو 2011 إلى تشرين الثاني/نوفمبر 2013. وقد تم تجميع تاريخ تدخين التبغ باستخدام استبيان معياري معتمد من المسح العالمي لاستهلاك التبغ لدى البالغين. لقد وجدنا أن علاج السل ينتج عنه حصيلة سيئة إذا تخلف المشاركون عن المعالجة، أو فشل علاجهم، أو توفوا. لقد استخدمنا تحوفات متعددة المتغيرات لتقدير الاختطار الناتج عن حصيلة العلاج السيئة. النتائج:من بين 591 من مرضى السل المسجلين، كان 188 (31.8٪) من المرضى مدخنين سابقين وكان 271 (45.9٪) من المرضى مدخنين حاليين. لقد سبق لتسعين (33.2٪) من المدخنين الحاليين، و 24 (18.2٪) من المشاركين الذين لم يدخنوا أبدًا، العلاج من مرض السل (الاحتمال < 0.01). وتوفرت بيانات حصيلة العلاج لعدد 524 من المشاركين، من بينهم 128 (24.4٪) كانت حصيلة العلاج الخاصة بهم سيئة، بما في ذلك 80 (32.9٪) من 243 من المدخنين الحاليين و21 (17.2٪) من 122 من الأفراد الذين لم يدخنوا أبدًا. مقارنة مع أولئك الذين لم يدخنوا أبدًا، كان هناك اختطار زائد على المدخنين الحاليين لحدوث حصيلة علاج سيئة (الاختطار النسبي المصحح، aRR: 1.70؛ بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95%: 1.00 إلى 2.90).أولئك الذين قد أقلعوا عن التدخين لمدة أكثر من شهرين قبل التسجيل، لم يكن لديهم مثل ذلك الاختطار الزائد (:aRR 1.01؛ بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95%: 0.50 إلى 1.99). الاستنتاج:هناك انتشار مرتفع للتدخين بين المرضى الذين يعانون من مرض السل في جورجيا، ويزيد التدخين من اختطار حصيلة العلاج السيئة. 目的:旨在评价格鲁吉亚第比利斯境内吸烟对结核病治疗效果的影响。. 方法:从 2011 年 5 月至 2013 年 11 月,我们在经实验室确诊患有结核病的成人中开展了一项前瞻性群组研究,并且通过改编自全球成人烟草调查的标准化问卷收集了吸烟史资料。我们认为如果参与者违约、不进行治疗或死亡,那么结核病治疗会有不良的效果。我们采用多变量回归分析的方法评估了不良治疗效果的风险。. 结果:在参与调查的 591 名结核病患者中,其中 188 名 (31.8%) 是既往吸烟者,271 名 (45.9%) 是目前吸烟者。目前吸烟者中有 90 名 (33.2%)、从未吸烟者中有 24 名 (18.2%) 曾在之前因结核病接受过治疗 (P < 0.01)。治疗效果数据对 524 名参与者均为有效可用,其中 128 名 (24.4%) 参与者的治疗效果不良,包括 243 名目前吸烟者中的 80 名 (32.9%) 和 122 名从未吸烟者中的 21 名 (17.2%)。与从未吸烟者相比,目前吸烟者产生不良治疗效果的风险较高(调整过的相对风险,aRR:1.70;95% 置信区间,CI:1.00–2.90)。那些在参与调查之前已戒烟两个月以上的人并未增加该风险 (aRR:1.01;95% CI: 0.51–1.99)。. 结论:格鲁吉亚境内结核病患者吸烟流行率很高,并且吸烟增加了产生不良治疗效果的风险。. Цель:Оценка воздействия табакокурения на исход лечения туберкулеза в Тбилиси, Грузия. Методы:В период с мая 2011 г. по ноябрь 2013 г. было проведено проспективное когортное исследование взрослого населения с диагнозом туберкулеза, подтвержденным данными лабораторных анализов. С помощью стандартизированной анкеты, разработанной на основе Глобального опроса взрослого населения о потреблении табака (GATS), была собрана история табакокурения участников. Исход лечения туберкулеза рассматривался нами как плохой, если участник исследования не доводил лечение до конца, лечение не было эффективным или участник исследования умирал. Для оценки риска плохого исхода лечения использовались многопараметрические регрессии. Результаты:В исследовании принял участие 591 пациент с туберкулезом, из которых 188 человек (31,8 %) ранее были курильщиками, а 271 человек (45,9 %) курил на момент начала исследования. Девяносто человек (33,2 %) из числа активных курильщиков и 24 человека (18,2 %) из числа тех участников, которые никогда не курили, ранее получали лечение от туберкулеза (P < 0,01). Данные по исходу лечения были доступны для 524 участников, из которых исход лечения был плохим у 128 человек (24,4 %). В это число входили 80 человек (32,9 %) из числа 243 активных курильщиков и 21 (17,2 %) из тех 122, кто никогда не курил. По сравнению с теми, кто никогда не курил, у активных курильщиков был выявлен повышенный риск плохого исхода лечения (скорректированный относительный риск, ОР: 1,70; 95 % доверительный интервал, ДИ: 1,00–2,90). У тех, кто бросил курить более чем за два месяца до вступления в исследование, риск был не таким высоким (скорректированный ОР: 1,01; 95 % ДИ: 0,51–1,99). Вывод:У пациентов с туберкулезом в Грузии широко распространено курение, и курение увеличивает риск плохого исхода лечения.

authors

Gegia M,Magee MJ,Kempker RR,Kalandadze I,Chakhaia T,Golub JE,Blumberg HM

doi

10.2471/BLT.14.147439

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-06-01 00:00:00

pages

390-9

issue

6

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.14.147439

journal_volume

93

pub_type

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    更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00

  • Challenges encountered using standard vector control measures for dengue in Boa Vista, Brazil.

    abstract:PROBLEM:In 2010, dengue virus (DENV) serotype-4 was detected during a dengue outbreak in the Amazonian city of Boa Vista. At that time Brazil was already endemic for DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. This was the first time DENV-4 was observed in the country after it was initially detected and eliminated in 1981. APPROACH:To...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.13.119081

    authors: Maciel-de-Freitas R,Valle D

    更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • An automatic molluscicide dispenser for use in flowing water.

    abstract::The author describes the design and operation of an automatic molluscicide dispenser for use in flowing water. The equipment, which consists basically of a measuring weir coupled to a float-activated siphon, was designed for simplicity, low cost, construction with commonly available materials, and operation by untrain...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: KLOCK JW

    更新日期:1956-01-01 00:00:00

  • A malaria sporozoite surface antigen distinct from the circumsporozoite protein.

    abstract::Monoclonal antibody NYS4 recognizes a single 140 kDa antigen on the surface of Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites, an antigen which is distinct from the extensively characterized circumsporozoite (CS) protein. To more thoroughly characterize this additional surface component, a genomic expression library was screened with ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Hedstrom RC,Campbell JR,Leef ML,Charoenvit Y,Carter M,Sedegah M,Beaudoin RL,Hoffman SL

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • A bedside test for methemoglobinemia, Sri Lanka.

    abstract:PROBLEM:Propanil is an aniline herbicide that is widely used for rice cultivation, but is also used for self-poisoning. Toxicity from propanil is largely due to methemoglobinemia. In resource-poor settings, the capacity to determine methemoglobin concentration is insufficient and prevents effective case management, whi...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.15.158147

    authors: Shihana F,Dawson AH,Buckley NA

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery in a public health eye care programme in Nepal.

    abstract::Presented is an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery using cost and services data from the Lumbini Zonal Eye Care Programme in Nepal. The analysis suggests that cataract surgery may be even more cost-effective than previously reported. Under a "best estimate" scenario, cataract surgery had a cost o...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Marseille E

    更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of virological laboratory methods for smallpox diagnosis.

    abstract::Between July 1966 and May 1972 the Vesicular Disease Laboratory, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., USA, tested specimens from 849 suspected smallpox cases by at least 2 methods, electron microscopy and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) cultures. A smaller number of specimens was tested by each of 4 m...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Nakano JH

    更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00

  • Natural mortality in two filarial vectors.

    abstract::Little has been written about the survival of filarial mosquitos in nature, although methods are available for determining natural mortality in the field. Every filarial infection in a mosquito provides some information about the number of days it has survived after infection. This can be used to determine the probabi...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Laurence BR

    更新日期:1963-01-01 00:00:00