Abstract：
:Between July 1966 and May 1972 the Vesicular Disease Laboratory, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., USA, tested specimens from 849 suspected smallpox cases by at least 2 methods, electron microscopy and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) cultures. A smaller number of specimens was tested by each of 4 methods: electron microscopy, CAM culture, agar gel precipitation, and tissue culture. For specimens handled in the field the CAM culture method was less sensitive than electron microscopy because the adverse conditions often inactivated the virus. CAM cultures were valuable for identifying members of the poxvirus subgroups, however, particularly when supplemented by tissue culture. The agar gel precipitation test was the least sensitive but was of value in confirming the results of electron microscopy. The latter was highly effective for the diagnosis of varicella, but dependably identified only about half of the vaccinia infections; for vaccinia, the CAM technique was essential. The occurrence of human monkeypox cases in West Africa emphasized that the usual smallpox diagnostic methods were inadequate. More sophisticated tests, such as the rabbit dermal sensitivity test, are necessary for accurate diagnosis of these cases as monkeypox.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Nakano JHsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1973-05-01 00:00:00pages
529-34issue
5eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Bringing together various disease-specific guidelines for sick children, WHO and UNICEF have developed an Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) algorithm, one component of which (assess and classify) was tested in the outpatient department of a rural district hospital in western Uganda. Children aged 2-59 ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:WHILE THE TWENTIETH CENTURY HAS PRODUCED GREAT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER AND IN TECHNIQUES FOR ITS CONTROL IN URBAN AREAS, THE ESSENTIAL METHOD OF CONTROL HAS NOT CHANGED: it is still the elimination of the urban vector, Aëdes aegypti. The aim of those responsible for yellow fever control in Afr...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1954-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a need for additional data on the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in developing countries. We report the use of a coagglutination (COA) and a latex agglutination (LA) test for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae which were evaluated using 114 clinical isolates in Vellore, India. In tests to serotype 30...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine if educating caregivers in providing zinc supplements to infants < 6 months old with acute diarrhoea is effective in treating diarrhoea and preventing acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), and whether it leads to a decrease in the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS). METHODS:In this retros...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.2471/BLT.10.075986
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To estimate the use of hospitals for four essential primary care services offered in health centres in low- and middle-income countries and to explore differences in quality between hospitals and health centres. Methods:We extracted data from all demographic and health surveys conducted since 2010 on the typ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.245563
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine trends in mortality from respiratory disease in several areas of Latin America between 1998 and 2009. METHODS:The numbers of deaths attributed to respiratory disease between 1998 and 2009 were extracted from mortality data from Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and P...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.12.116871
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculin is known to be adsorbed to containers and syringes. In the present paper, the adsorption which takes place in the ampoules has been studied in relation to the diluent for the tuberculin.Adsorption was most evident in dilutions prepared with saline or with phosphate buffer containing dextran. The inclusion i...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1958-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From the standpoint of nutritional needs, physiological maturation, and immunological safety the provision of foods other than breast milk before about four months of age is unnecessary and may also be harmful. On the other hand, many infants require some complementary feeding by about six months of age. There are a n...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum infection and associated morbidity, and to estimate the infected human and buffalo populations in the Dongting Lake region, Hunan province, China. METHODS:We used data from the third national schistosomiasis periodic epidemiological survey (P...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.06.034033
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a continuing search for more effective molluscicides, tests were carried out in the Egypt-49 area on Molucid and WL 8008. Molucid, a 35% w/v solution of isobutyltriphenyl-methylamine (ICI 24223), was applied at 2 ppm for 6 hours; after the treatment, no live Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina or Lymnaea ca...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of seven pyrethroid insecticides for impregnation of mosquito nets, six currently recommended by WHO and one candidate (bifenthrin), under laboratory conditions. METHODS:Tests were conducted using pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Anopheles gambiae and Culex q...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The migration of health workers within and between countries is a growing concern worldwide because of its impact on health systems in developing and developed countries alike. Policy decisions need to be made at the national, regional and international levels to manage more effectively this phenomenon, but those deci...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：/S0042-96862004000800010
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The availability of affordable medicines is a major barrier to providing high-quality health care in many countries. Fatima Suleman talks to Fiona Fleck. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 传,历史文章,新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.17.031217
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A taxonomic approach using cluster analysis and principal component analysis has grouped the countries of the world in eight clusters, in an initial attempt to propose a worldwide spatial classification based on the following health-related indicators: (a) those directly related to the health status of the population;...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency of radiological examinations in a country is an important indicator of the general scope of such services in that setting. Frequency data obtained from surveys provide health planners with valuable information that can form an objective basis for resource allocation. Also, from the point of view of radia...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Egg-yolk lecithin prepared as described in the second edition of of the WHO monograph on cardiolipin antigens was known to be satisfactory, but documentation was incomplete. In this paper, the authors discuss results of comparisons between egg-yolk lecithin and lecithin of beef-heart origin, carried out in four separa...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metrifonate, an organophosphorus compound, caused a decline in the number of microfilariae in domestic cats experimentally infected with Brugia pahangi. It was found that the drug was active against both microfilariae and macrofilariae, but probably its greatest effect was on the macrofilarial stages. It is suggested ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An autogenous species belonging to the Aedes (Stegomyia) scutellaris subgroup was found on the island of Tafahi, Kingdom of Tonga. A subcolony was established at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA, where cross-breeding experiments were conducted with the Samoan strain of A. polynesiensis. The cross between ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-radial-diffusion techniques are proposed as possible alternatives to tests based on agglutination of erythrocytes for the assay of the haemagglutinin content of influenza vaccines. Two test procedures (microtest and macrotest) and the use of reference reagents to assay vaccines using these tests are described. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Poxvirus antisera adsorbed with "homologous" and "heterologous" poxvirus-infected chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) were differentiated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Mixtures of the antiserum dilutions and infected CAM were added directly (without centrifugation) to poxvirus-infected CAM antigens affixed to wel...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple technique for achieving high yields of Plasmodium falciparum parasites on a continuous basis is described. The technique is applicable in any laboratory. The culture apparatus is also simple and inexpensive and allows multiple cultures to be run simultaneously. A total of approximately 1-2 x 10(9) parasites c...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigations of experimental schistosomiasis haematobia have suffered for want of satisfactory mammals in which schistosome infections would establish host-parasite situations more or less comparable with those seen in man. As a consequence, mammals representing different major groups have been exposed to infection ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Options for health financing reform are often portrayed as a choice between general taxation (known as the Beveridge model) and social health insurance (known as the Bismarck model). Ten years of health financing reform in Kyrgyzstan, since the introduction of its compulsory health insurance fund in 1997, provide an e...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.07.049544
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper considers new developments to strengthen sexual and reproductive health and HIV linkages and discusses factors that continue to impede progress. It is based on a previous review undertaken for the United Kingdom Department for International Development in 2006 that examined the constraints and opportunities...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.08.059279
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To estimate the level and trend of development assistance for community health worker-related projects in low- and middle-income countries between 2007 and 2017. Methods:We extracted data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's creditor reporting system on aid funding for projects t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.235499
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies were conducted each month for one year to determine the cercarial-incubation periods of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis in Bulinus truncatus for different months of infection. The snails were kept in outdoor aquaria in order to simulate the natural temperature conditions in the endemic bilharzias...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies were made on the host-feeding patterns and behaviour of 4 Culex species in China (Province of Taiwan) to further assess their importance as vectors of Japanese encephalitis. A relatively unbiased, non-attractant technique (vacuum sweep-net) was used for collecting mosquitos resting outdoors on rural premises; ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is considerable exigency to take all necessary steps to cure tuberculosis cases and prevent further emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The most important of these steps is to ensure that the treatment, particularly of sputum smear-positive cases, is adequate and that patients adhere to their treatment by ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum strains to chloroquine was tested in one locality in the north-east of the United Republic of Tanzania, where a chloroquine-medicated salt project has been implemented for chemosuppression for many years, and where large amounts of the drug have been available during the last d...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monovalent acetone-inactivated typhoid vaccine and heat-killed TAB caused local reactions in 82-88% of volunteers vaccinated by jet injection, whereas they caused local reactions in only 24% of volunteers injected by means of a conventional syringe. Both vaccines induced a high seroconversion rate to typhoid H antigen...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00
