Trends in mortality from respiratory disease in Latin America since 1998 and the impact of the 2009 influenza pandemic.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To determine trends in mortality from respiratory disease in several areas of Latin America between 1998 and 2009. METHODS:The numbers of deaths attributed to respiratory disease between 1998 and 2009 were extracted from mortality data from Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico and Paraguay. Robust linear models were then fitted to the rates of mortality from respiratory disease recorded between 2003 and 2009. FINDINGS:Between 1998 and 2008, rates of mortality from respiratory disease gradually decreased in all age groups in most of the study areas. Among children younger than 5 years, for example, the annual rates of such mortality - across all seven study areas - fell from 56.9 deaths per 100,000 in 1998 to 26.6 deaths per 100,000 in 2008. Over this period, rates of mortality from respiratory disease were generally highest among adults older than 65 years and lowest among individuals aged 5 to 49 years. In 2009, mortality from respiratory disease was either similar to that recorded in 2008 or showed an increase - significant increases were seen among children younger than 5 years in Paraguay, among those aged 5 to 49 years in southern Brazil, Mexico and Paraguay and among adults aged 50 to 64 years in Mexico and Paraguay. CONCLUSION:In much of Latin America, mortality from respiratory disease gradually fell between 1998 and 2008. However, this downward trend came to a halt in 2009, probably as a result of the (H1N1) 2009 pandemic. OBJECTIF:Déterminer les tendances de la mortalité par maladies respiratoires dans plusieurs régions d'Amérique latine entre 1998 et 2009. MÉTHODES:Le nombre de décès attribuables aux maladies respiratoires entre 1998 et 2009 a été extrait des données de mortalité d'Argentine, du Sud du Brésil, du Chili, du Costa Rica, d'Équateur, du Mexique et du Paraguay. Des modèles linéaires solides ont ensuite été adaptés aux taux de mortalité par maladies respiratoires enregistrés entre 2003 et 2009. RÉSULTATS:Entre 1998 et 2008, les taux de mortalité par maladies respiratoires ont progressivement diminué dans tous les groupes d'âge, dans la plupart des domaines d'étude. Chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans, par exemple, les taux annuels de mortalité, dans les sept domaines d'étude, ont chuté de 56,9 décès pour 100 000 en 1998, à 26,6 décès pour 100 000 en 2008. Au cours de cette période, les taux de mortalité par maladies respiratoires étaient généralement les plus élevés chez les adultes de plus de 65 ans et les plus faibles chez les individus âgés de 5 à 49 ans. En 2009, la mortalité par maladies respiratoires était similaire à celle enregistrée en 2008 ou en augmentation. Des augmentations importantes ont été observées chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans au Paraguay, chez les personnes âgées de 5 à 49 ans dans le Sud du Brésil, au Mexique et au Paraguay et chez les adultes âgés de 50 à 64 ans au Mexique et au Paraguay. CONCLUSION:Dans une grande partie de l'Amérique latine, la mortalité par maladies respiratoires a progressivement diminué entre 1998 et 2008. Cependant, cette tendance à la baisse s'est interrompue en 2009, probablement en raison de la pandémie de 2009 (H1N1). OBJETIVO:Determinar las tendencias de la mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias en varias zonas de América Latina entre 1998 y 2009. MÉTODOS:El número de muertes atribuidas a enfermedades respiratorias entre los años 1998 y 2009 se obtuvo de los datos sobre la mortalidad en Argentina, sur de Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México y Paraguay y se adaptaron modelos lineales sólidos a las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias registradas entre 2003 y 2009. RESULTADOS:Entre 1998 y 2008, las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias disminuyeron gradualmente en todos los grupos de edad en la mayoría de las áreas de estudio. Entre los niños menores de 5 años, por ejemplo, las tasas anuales de dicha mortalidad (en las siete áreas de estudio) se redujeron de 56,9 muertes por cada 100 000 habitantes en 1998 a 26,6 muertes por cada 100 000 habitantes en 2008. Durante este período, las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias fueron en general más altas entre los adultos mayores de 65 años y más bajas entre las personas de 5 a 49 años. En 2009, la mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias fue similar a la registrada en el 2008 o mostró un incremento, pues se observó un aumento significativo entre los niños menores de 5 años en Paraguay, entre individuos de entre 5-49 años de edad en el sur de Brasil, México y Paraguay, así como entre los adultos con edades comprendidas entre 50 y 64 años en México y Paraguay. CONCLUSIÓN:En gran parte de América Latina, la mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias se redujo gradualmente entre 1998 y 2008. Sin embargo, esta tendencia a la baja se detuvo en 2009, probablemente como resultado de la pandemia (H1N1) de 2009. الغرض:تحديد الاتجاهات في معدل الوفيات الناجمة عن الأمراض التنفسية في عدة مناطق في أمريكا اللاتينية في الفترة من 1998 إلى 2009. الطريقة:تم استخلاص أعداد الوفيات التي تُعزى إلى الأمراض التنفسية في الفترة من 1998 إلى 2009 من بيانات الوفيات من الأرجنتين وجنوب البرازيل وشيلي وكوستاريكا والإكوادور والمكسيك وباراغواي. وتم ملاءمة النماذج الخطية القوية بمعدلات الوفيات الناجمة عن الأمراض التنفسية المسجلة في الفترة من 2003 إلى 2009. النتائج:في الفترة من 1998 إلى 2008، انخفضت معدلات الوفيات الناجمة عن الأمراض التنفسية تدريجياً في جميع الفئات العمرية في معظم مناطق الدراسة. على سبيل المثال، انخفضت المعدلات السنوية لهذه الوفيات بين الأطفال الأقل من 5 سنوات – عبر جميع مناطق الدراسة السبعة – من 56.9 حالة وفاة لكل 100000 في عام 1998 إلى 26.6 حالة وفاة لكل 100000 في عام 2008. وعلى مدار هذه الفترة، كانت معدلات الوفيات الناجمة عن الأمراض التنفسية عموماً هي الأعلى بين البالغين الأكبر من 65 سنة والأقل بين الأفراد الذين تراوحت أعمارهم من 5 إلى 49 سنة. وفي عام 2009، كان معدل الوفيات الناجمة عن الأمراض التنفسية إما مشابهاً لذلك الذي تم تسجيله في عام 2008 أو أظهر ارتفاعاً – لوحظت ارتفاعات كبيرة بين الأطفال الأقل من 5 سنوات في باراغواي، وبين من تراوحت أعمارهم من 5 إلى 49 سنة في جنوب البرازيل والمكسيك وباراغواي وبين البالغين الذين تراوحت أعمارهم من 50 إلى 64 سنة في المكسيك وباراغواي. الاستنتاج:في معظم مناطق أمريكا اللاتينية، انخفض معدل الوفيات الناجمة عن الأمراض التنفسية تدريجياً في الفترة من 1998 إلى 2008. ومع ذلك، توقف هذا الاتجاه النزولي في عام 2009، على نحو محتمل نتيجة لجائحة (H1N1) لعام 2009. 目的:确定1998 年至2009 年之间拉丁美洲数个地区呼吸系统疾病的死亡率趋势。 方法:从阿根廷、巴西南部、智利、哥斯达黎加、厄瓜多尔、墨西哥和巴拉圭的死亡数据中提取1998 年至2009 年之间归因于呼吸系统疾病的死亡数。运用稳健线性模型对2003 年至2009 年记录的呼吸系统疾病死亡率进行拟合。。 结果:在1998 年至2008 年之间,在大多数研究地区,所有年龄组的呼吸系统疾病死亡率逐步降低。例如,未满5 岁的儿童中,在所有七个研究区域中这种疾病年死亡率从1998 年的每10 万人56.9 例死亡降低为2008 年的每10 万人26.6 例死亡。在此期间,呼吸系统疾病死亡率在65岁以上老年人中普遍最高,在5 至49 岁人群中最低。在2009 年,呼吸系统疾病死亡率或者类似于2008 年的记录,或者出现增加——巴拉圭未满5 岁儿童中和巴西南部、墨西哥及巴拉圭5 至49 岁人群中,以及墨西哥和巴拉圭50 至64 岁人群中出现显著增加。 结论:在大多数拉丁美洲,1998 年至2008 年之间呼吸系统疾病死亡率逐渐降低。但是在2009 年,这种趋势停止,这可能是受(H1N1)2009 年大流行的影响。 Цель:Определить тенденции смертности от респираторных заболеваний в нескольких регионах Латинской Америки в период 1998-2009 гг. Методы:Данные по количеству смертей, связанных с респираторными заболеваниями в период 1998-2009 гг., были получены из данных по смертности Аргентины, южной части Бразилии, Чили, Коста-Рики, Эквадора, Мексики и Парагвая. Устойчивые линейные модели затем были приложены к уровням смертности от респираторных заболеваний, зарегистрированных в период 2003-2009 гг. Результаты:В период 1998-2008 гг. показатели смертности от респираторных заболеваний постепенно снижались во всех возрастных группах в большинстве исследуемых регионов. Среди детей в возрасте до пяти лет, к примеру, годовые показатели подобной смертности (во всех семи исследуемых регионах) снизились с 56,9 смертей на 100 000 в 1998 году до 26,6 смертей на 100 000 в 2008 году. За этот период показатели смертности от респираторных заболеваний были в большинстве случаев высокими у людей старше 65 лет и ниже у людей в возрасте от 5 до 49 лет. В 2009 году смертность от респираторных заболеваний была либо аналогична зарегистрированной в 2008 г., либо выше – значительные повышения наблюдались у детей в возрасте до 5 лет в Парагвае, у людей в возрасте от 5 до 49 лет в южной части Бразилии, Мексике и Парагвае и у пожилых людей в возрасте от 50 до 64 лет в Мексике и Парагвае. Вывод:В основном в Латинской Америке смертность от респираторных заболеваний постепенно снижалась в 1998-2008 гг. Однако подобная тенденция к снижению была прервана в 2009 году, вероятно, из-за пандемии H1N1-2009.

authors

de Souza Mde F,Widdowson MA,Alencar AP,Gawryszewski VP,Aziz-Baumgartner E,Palekar R,Breese J,Cheng PY,Barbosa J,Cabrera AM,Olea A,Flores AB,Shay DK,Mounts A,Oliva OP

doi

10.2471/BLT.12.116871

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-07-01 00:00:00

pages

525-32

issue

7

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.12.116871

journal_volume

91

pub_type

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    abstract:Objective:To estimate population-wide hepatitis B and C seroprevalence using dried blood spot samples acquired for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance as part of the 2010-2011 Demographic and Health Survey in Burkina Faso. Methods:We used the database acquired during the multistage, clustered, population-b...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.18.208603

    authors: Meda N,Tuaillon E,Kania D,Tiendrebeogo A,Pisoni A,Zida S,Bollore K,Medah I,Laureillard D,Moles JP,Nagot N,Nebie KY,Van de Perre P,Dujols P

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Testing of Plasmodium vivax CS proteins in Saimiri monkeys.

    abstract::Recombinant proteins directed against the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium vivax were tested for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. The monkeys were immunized 3 times with either alum or muramyl tripeptide as adjuvant, and were challenged with 10,000 sporozoites (P...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Collins WE

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Influenza A virus recycling revisited.

    abstract::Current textbooks link influenza pandemics to influenza A virus subtypes H2 (1889-91), H3 (1990), H1 (1918-20), H2 (1957-58) and H3 (1968), a pattern suggesting subtype recycling in humans. Since H1 reappeared in 1977, whatever its origin, some workers feel that H2 is the next pandemic candidate. This report reviews t...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Dowdle WR

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • A quantitative long-term cryobiological study of malarial parasites.

    abstract::A study spanning 10 years indicates that the erythrocytic stages of malarial parasites can be stored indefinitely in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen without significant loss of infectivity. The results also suggest that loss due to the recovery procedures exceeds any loss that may have occurred during freezing and...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Strome CP,Tubergen TA,Leef JL,Beaudoin RL

    更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00