Abstract:
:The sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum strains to chloroquine was tested in one locality in the north-east of the United Republic of Tanzania, where a chloroquine-medicated salt project has been implemented for chemosuppression for many years, and where large amounts of the drug have been available during the last decade for the treatment of malaria infections.Single doses of chloroquine (5 or 10 mg of base/kg of body weight) failed to clear P. falciparum trophozoites in asymptomatic parasite carriers selected from the school population. In comparison, clearance had been obtained easily ten years previously with 5 mg of base/kg of body weight in several localities in the area.A total dose of 25 mg of base/kg of body weight given over a 3-day period succeeded in clearing asexual parasites from the peripheral blood by day 3 in all instances. Asexual parasites were not found again during the nine days following administration of the drug.All the schoolchildren who had received 5 or 10 mg of base/kg of body weight at the beginning of the trial were treated with a further 20 mg of base/kg of body weight at the end of the 7-day observation period. Asexual parasites reappeared in the blood of some of these children 7-10 days after the second administration of the drug.Using the in vitro microtechnique, incomplete schizont inhibition was observed in 3 out of 21 cases at a chloroquine concentration of 1.14 mumol/litre of blood, which is the discriminating dosage for resistance at RI level.No cases of retinopathy related to the prolonged use of chloroquine were detected among the 221 residents who had spent more than 16 consecutive years in the locality.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Onori E,Payne D,Grab D,Grab B,Horst HI,Almeida Franco J,Joia Hsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-01-01 00:00:00pages
77-87issue
1eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To quantify long-term health service use (HSU) following non-fatal injury in adults. METHODS:A retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study identified an inception cohort (1988-91) of injured people who had been hospitalized (ICD-9-CM 800-995) aged 18-64 years (n = 21 032) and a matched non-injured ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.06.030833
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro studies have shown that exogenously supplied amino acids are transferred into the malaria-infected cell, where they are incorporated into proteins. Most amino acids appear to enter the cell by facilitated or simple diffusion; however, the high distribution ratios seen in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected cells are...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumours of the pancreas occur most commonly in dogs and cats and only rarely in other domestic species. The incidence of neoplasms, both exocrine and endocrine, increases with age. Exocrine adenocarcinomas are the most common malignant tumours and have three fairly distinct morphological patterns: small tubular, large...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method of assessing "atherosclerosis", if used according to certain rules, was shown in an earlier study to be capable of discriminating between groups of aortas or coronary arteries according to the quantity of certain defined lesions. It would not measure absolute amounts, but would show whether one group of speci...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the impact of maternity waiting homes on the use of facility-based birthing services for women in two remote districts of Timor-Leste. METHODS:A before-and-after study design was used to compare the number of facility-based births in women who lived at different distances (0-5, 6-25, 26-50 and > 5...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.11.088955
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a result of improved medical services and diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), it has in recent years become clear that this is a common genetic disorder with a worldwide distribution. The average life expectancy of CF patients is very low in the developing world, but in developed countries this fatal childhood disea...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative data are presented on the viability of El Tor vibrios in various foodstuffs under different conditions. El Tor vibrios were found to have a very short life in water at -20 degrees C, but in various nutrient media, such as skim milk, sugar solution or meat extract, they could live for more than a month at ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paucity of information on the ecology of wild animal reservoirs over most of the world is one of the factors that has led to hesitation and failure in controlling these diseases in many areas. Extensive application of ecological studies and methods would not only assist in zoonosis control but might well also lead...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. The National ARI Control Programme was launched in 1989 in order to reduce the mortality attributed to pneumonia, and rationalize the use of drugs in the management of patients with ARI. WHO's standard ARI case man...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a complex community intervention in rural Zambia improved understanding of maternal health and increased use of maternal health-care services. METHODS:The intervention took place in six rural districts selected by the Zambian Ministry of Health. It involved community discussions on safe ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.13.122721
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Aëdes aegypti shows extensive physiological, bionomic and morphological variation in different populations, the genetic basis for this variation has never been determined. Genetic plasticity influences disease transmission, resistance to control measures, and breeding behaviour. Solutions to problems of publi...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to obtain information, using a written questionnaire, on the knowledge, smoking behaviour, and attitudes of Costa Rican physicians about smoking as a health issue. A random sample of 650 physicians was chosen from a list of active physicians; 287 of them were covered by survey between August ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the burden of road traffic injuries and deaths for all road users and among different road user groups in Africa. METHODS:We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar, websites of African road safety agencies and organizations for registry- and population-based studies and reports o...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.15.163121
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The respective vectors of the two forms of bilharziasis in Egypt do not have the same ecological distribution. Bulinus truncatus is most abundant in large canals, and decreases in density as the water approaches and flows into drains. Biomphalaria alexandrina is most abundant in drains, and decreases in density upstre...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To estimate the average treatment effect of working past the current retirement age on the health of Japanese men. Methods:We used publicly available data from the National Survey of Japanese Elderly, extracting a sample of 1288 men who were 60 years or older. Survey respondents were followed-up for at most ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.18.215764
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the performance of serological tests using dried blood on filter-papers (micro-card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (micro-CATT)) performed under field and laboratory conditions and using whole blood ((CATT/T.b. gambiense) (wb-CATT) and latex agglutination (LATEX/T.b. gambiense) (wb-LATEX))...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on studies carried out by the author and his associates in areas of Japan and South Asia where malayan and bancroftian filariasis is endemic, this paper recommends methods for use in microfilaria surveys and in the analysis of data obtained in such surveys. The author recommends the use of measured blood samples...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metrifonate, an organophosphorus compound, caused a decline in the number of microfilariae in domestic cats experimentally infected with Brugia pahangi. It was found that the drug was active against both microfilariae and macrofilariae, but probably its greatest effect was on the macrofilarial stages. It is suggested ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some recent physiological observations made in Afghanistan, Ceylon and Burma on adults of Anopheles culicifacies and A. aconitus are described. The specimens from Ceylon and Burma, in particular, showed a peculiar physiological process in which, at the beginning of the dry season, the coagulated, dark red, and almost ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1958-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the fraction of individuals with high total serum cholesterol who get diagnosed and effectively treated in eight high- and middle-income countries. METHODS:Using data from nationally representative health examination surveys conducted in 1998-2007, we studied a probability sample of 79 039 adult...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.10.079947
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to evaluate results obtained in Addis Ababa with lipoidal antigen tests for syphilis on 269 human sera, and, if possible, to determine how many positive seroreactors were in fact infected with Treponema pallidum, these sera were sent by air to Copenhagen for re-examination by the VDRL, Kahn, CWRM and TPI test...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a need for additional data on the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in developing countries. We report the use of a coagglutination (COA) and a latex agglutination (LA) test for serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae which were evaluated using 114 clinical isolates in Vellore, India. In tests to serotype 30...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We sought to assess the current status of global data on death registration and to examine several indicators of data completeness and quality. METHODS:We summarized the availability of death registration data by year and country. Indicators of data quality were assessed for each country and included the tim...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:/S0042-96862005000300009
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the potential effects of betel quid chewing on mortality. (A quid consists of betel nut, wrapped in betel leaves; tobacco is added to the quid by some users). METHODS:Prospective data were available on 20 033 individuals aged 18-75 years, living in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Demographic and exposure ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.149484
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore what individuals at risk of injury from using paraffin (also known as kerosene) know about paraffin safety, what they do to protect themselves and their families from paraffin-related injury, and how they perceive their risk for such injury. Also, to explore interrelations between these factors and...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.08.057505
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether there are major differences in the distribution of Streptococcus pyogenes serotypes in different countries and to compare the typing results obtained in different laboratories with the same cultures, an international survey of the distribution of such serotypes was carried out in 1964-65 in 12 lab...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intestinal parasitic infections are distributed virtually throughout the world, with high prevalence rates in many regions. Amoebiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infection and trichuriasis are among the ten most common infections in the world. Other parasitic infections such as abdominal angiostrongyliasis, intestinal capi...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the course of an investigation in 1962-64 into the natural occurrence of brucellosis among grey foxes in Argentina, agglutination tests were performed on 728 sera of the foxes Dusicyon gymnocercus antiquus and D. griseus griseus, captured in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Rio Negro. Agglutination titres of from ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last decade, a massive increase in data collection and analysis has occurred in many fields. In the health sector, however, there has been relatively little progress in data analysis and application despite a rapid rise in data production. Given adequate governance, improvements in the quality, quantity, stor...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.139022
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1979, in view of the widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in the island of Hainan, China, it use as an antimalarial was suspended throughout the island. A longitudinal survey of the chloroquine-sensitivity of P. falciparum was carried out over the period 1981-91 to investigate whether its r...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00