Abstract:
:The respective vectors of the two forms of bilharziasis in Egypt do not have the same ecological distribution. Bulinus truncatus is most abundant in large canals, and decreases in density as the water approaches and flows into drains. Biomphalaria alexandrina is most abundant in drains, and decreases in density upstream from these habitats. Both species are most abundant in the presence of aquatic vegetation, but they differ in their respective associations with the water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes. Biomph. alexandrina reaches maximum abundance in the presence of this plant, but Bul. truncatus is as uncommon in the absence of plants as in the presence of E. crassipes.Calculation of life-table parameters from field data shows that, under optimum field conditions, both species can double their populations in 14-16 days. The reproductive rates of both species are greatest in March and the death rates in midsummer. The observed peak densities in May and June give a false impression of optima because of undercollection of young snails, which are most abundant in March and April.Control operations should take advantage of the findings on population parameters. A single area-wide treatment with molluscicide in April is recommended. During the remainder of the year, search for isolated foci of snail breeding and individual treatment of these will effect large savings of chemical and will be effective in controlling the transmission of the parasites.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Dazo BC,Hairston NG,Dawood IKsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1966-01-01 00:00:00pages
339-56issue
3eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The author reviews the published findings on the carriage of Staphylococcus pyogenes var. aureus during the last two decades, dealing mainly with observations made in British Commonwealth countries, Scandinavia and the USA. The importance of the role played by staphylococcal carriers in the spread of infection both in...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Handicap is the result of a process of disablement whose origin is a pathological condition (disease). According to some definitions of health (e.g., a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being), the classical biomedical concept is too restrictive to cover all the consequences of disease. New models hav...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As in an earlier study, the authors have endeavoured to review the world incidence of poliomyelitis on the basis of the available statistical information (official notifications of cases and deaths) and to compare these data with data received from various sources regarding the prevailing viruses.It is certainly not y...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1956-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 39 randomly selected villages and towns in Tumkur District, South India, approximately 2000 persons, tuberculosis cases and matched controls, were interviewed in order to determine how many had symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis. Approximately 70% of the bacteriologically confirmed cases and over half the radiolog...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1963-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria parasites in mice present a simplified rodent model for the immunological study of malaria. Experiments have been performed to determine the pattern and persistence of malaria antibody as detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test utilizing specific antimouse IgM and IgG conjugates. The antibody ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Pakistan. The National ARI Control Programme was launched in 1989 in order to reduce the mortality attributed to pneumonia, and rationalize the use of drugs in the management of patients with ARI. WHO's standard ARI case man...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate out-of-pocket costs and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in people admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndromes in Asia. METHODS:Participants were enrolled between June 2011 and May 2012 into this observational study in China, India, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Singapore, T...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.15.158303
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is considerable exigency to take all necessary steps to cure tuberculosis cases and prevent further emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The most important of these steps is to ensure that the treatment, particularly of sputum smear-positive cases, is adequate and that patients adhere to their treatment by ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Few experiments have been reported on immunity to reinfection in domestic stock. The degree of resistance to reinfection with S. mattheei was studied in cattle and sheep. On the basis of the results, the only evidence of acquired immunity in calves and sheep is a reduction in the length of adult worms. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments were carried out in field cages to test the principle of "transport" of a desirable gene or chromosome into a wild Culex fatigans population as a result of the sterility in cross-matings associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility. Cycling populations of Delhi origin were established in the cages and...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research carried out on kwashiorkor in Kampala, Uganda, is discussed. The first essential in both the treatment and the prevention of this disease being a diet rich in protein (preferably animal protein, to ensure an adequate intake of vitamin B(12) and a satisfactory mixture of amino-acids), methods of incorpo...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of lectures on the tubercle bacillus by eminent authorities from various countries was organized at the Institut d'Hygiène et de Bactériologie of the University of Lausanne by Professor Paul Hauduroy, from 22 to 25 April 1949. Through the kindness of Professor Hauduroy it has been possible for the World Healt...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1949-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of child growth have become the most accepted means of assessing the protein-calorie nutritional status of economically developing populations. International reference standards have been suggested for a number of body measurements, but there has been little evaluation of their applicability in South-East...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability globally. In 2018, an international working group called on the World Health Organization to increase attention on the burden of low back pain and the need to avoid excessively medical solutions. Indeed, major international clinical guidelines now recog...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.18.226050
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::With an increasing number of malaria eradication programmes approaching or entering the consolidation phase, the epidemiological features of disappearing malaria are getting better known and defined. At the same time, the old classical methods of measuring malaria prevalence have become inadequate and new methods for ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of the sandfly population of Iran was conducted in the interests of providing further knowledge of the biology of these vectors of leishmaniasis, sandfly fever and kalaazar. The search for specimens was carried out in the Tabriz, Sarab, Caspian Sea, Teheran and Kazerun areas, both inside buildings and in natu...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The basic problem in the study of tick-borne virus diseases is to establish where the virus is maintained in nature. In general, this focus will be found where there are large and relatively stable populations of ticks, small rodents and insectivores. In the Tribec region the principal vector of tick-borne encephaliti...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agglutinating antibodies produced in an adult rabbit in response to intravenous injections of live Leptospira sp. (serotype biflexa, strain Waz), consisted of a 19S component (present at day 6 after inoculation) and a 7S component (present at day 6 after inoculation). Both 19S and 7S antibodies persisted in the serum ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studying the susceptibility of 189 Neisseria meningitidis strains to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol and rifampicin by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by agar dilution (reference method), E-test and disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar at 37 degrees C...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until very recently, rabies research had made few notable advances since the time of Pasteur, but during the past few years the use of modern virological techniques has led to rapid progress in research on the rabies virus. This article summarizes the present state of knowledge of pathogenesis, immunology, cultivation...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contributions made by five groups of investigators to the knowledge of the stability of different iodine compounds in salt, and of the extent of the losses of iodine which may occur when iodized salt is exposed to different conditions of storage and use, are discussed by the author.STABILITY OF THE IODINE COMPONENT IN...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::James Chau talks to Ana Lesher Treviño about the challenges faced in communicating about public health. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.2471/BLT.19.030819
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Now that the global eradication of wild poliovirus is almost within sight, planning for the post-certification era is becoming a priority issue. It is agreed that a stockpile of appropriate polio vaccines will need to be established, and a surveillance and response capacity will need to be maintained, in order to prot...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The history of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) research is reviewed from the point of view of whether the main discoveries concerning LCM pathogenesis have stemmed from animal or in vitro research methods. Most of the results initially stemmed from animal experiments, but in recent years recourse has increasingly b...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-six patients suffering from methylmercury poisoning were treated by different therapeutic regimes. Seven received penicillamine or N-acetyl-d-L-penicillamine, 10 were treated with dimercaprol sulfonate and 9, who could not be treated, were given a placebo and were used as controls. Penicillamine, N-acetyl-d-L-p...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reported is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that has been optimized and validated for the determination of chloroquine in urine or dried blood spots. The assay employs antisera raised in sheep to a chloroquine derivative conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin and chloroquine conjugated to porcine thyrog...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the global cost of establishing and operating the educational and refractive care facilities required to provide care to all individuals who currently have vision impairment resulting from uncorrected refractive error (URE). METHODS:The global cost of correcting URE was estimated using data on th...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.12.104034
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A trial of the CHAT, type 1, attenuated poliovirus strain of Koprowski was begun in August 1958 in Léopoldville, a city of 350 000 people, and possessing modern medical facilities, including an institute of public health.Paralytic poliomyelitis is endemic in the city; since 1951 there has been an average annual incide...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of a WHO-assisted survey of the distribution of Q fever in 32 countries and an analysis of reports published to date indicate that Q fever exists in 51 countries on five continents. Q-fever infection was most often reported in man and the domestic ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, and goats.The disease was...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Problem:If universal health coverage (UHC) is to be achieved globally, it needs sustained promotion and political awareness and support. Approach:During its presidency of the Group of Seven (G7) industrialized nations in 2016, Japan aimed to raise the issue of UHC to the top of the global health agenda. Local setting...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.17.200402
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00