The burden of road traffic crashes, injuries and deaths in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the burden of road traffic injuries and deaths for all road users and among different road user groups in Africa. METHODS:We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar, websites of African road safety agencies and organizations for registry- and population-based studies and reports on road traffic injury and death estimates in Africa, published between 1980 and 2015. Available data for all road users and by road user group were extracted and analysed. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis and estimated pooled rates of road traffic injuries and deaths. FINDINGS:We identified 39 studies from 15 African countries. The estimated pooled rate for road traffic injury was 65.2 per 100 000 population (95% confidence interval, CI: 60.8-69.5) and the death rate was 16.6 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 15.2-18.0). Road traffic injury rates increased from 40.7 per 100 000 population in the 1990s to 92.9 per 100 000 population between 2010 and 2015, while death rates decreased from 19.9 per 100 000 population in the 1990s to 9.3 per 100 000 population between 2010 and 2015. The highest road traffic death rate was among motorized four-wheeler occupants at 5.9 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 4.4-7.4), closely followed by pedestrians at 3.4 per 100 000 population (95% CI: 2.5-4.2). CONCLUSION:The burden of road traffic injury and death is high in Africa. Since registry-based reports underestimate the burden, a systematic collation of road traffic injury and death data is needed to determine the true burden. OBJECTIF:Estimer l'incidence des traumatismes et des décès dus à des accidents de la route pour toute la population des usagers et pour les différents groupes d'usagers de la route, en Afrique. MÉTHODES:Nous avons fait des recherches dans MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar et sur des sites Internet d'organisations et d'agences de sécurité routière africaines, pour trouver des rapports et des études réalisées en population ou à partir de registres, concernant l'estimation des traumatismes et des décès dus à des accidents de la route en Afrique, publiés entre 1980 et 2015. Les données obtenues pour l'ensemble des usagers de la route et pour chaque groupe d'usagers ont été extraites et analysées. Nous avons effectué une méta-analyse à effets aléatoires et avons estimé les taux combinés des traumatismes et des décès dus à des accidents de la route. RÉSULTATS:Nous avons identifié 39 études, de 15 pays africains. Le taux combiné de traumatismes dus à des accidents de la route a été estimé à 65,2 pour 100 000 habitants (intervalle de confiance -IC- de 95%: 60,8–69,5) et le taux de décès a été estimé à 16,6 pour 100 000 habitants (IC de 95%: 15,2-18,0). Le taux de traumatismes dus à des accidents de la route a augmenté de 40,7 pour 100 000 habitants dans les années 1990 à 92,2 pour 100 000 habitants pour la période entre 2010 et 2015, tandis que le taux de décès est passé de 19,9 pour 100 000 habitants dans les années 1990 à 9,3 pour 100 000 habitants entre 2010 et 2015. Le taux le plus élevé de tués sur les routes correspond aux occupants de véhicules motorisés à quatre roues, avec 5,9 victimes de la route pour 100 000 habitants (IC de 95 %: 4,4–7,4), suivis de près par les piétons, avec 3,4 décès pour 100 000 habitants (IC de 95%: 2,5-4,2). CONCLUSION:L'incidence des traumatismes et des décès dus à des accidents de la route est élevée en Afrique. Étant donné que les rapports fondés sur des registres sous-estiment les chiffres réels, il est nécessaire de procéder à un enregistrement systématique des données sur les traumatismes et les décès dus à des accidents de la route pour pouvoir déterminer leur véritable incidence. OBJETIVO:Estimar la tasa de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico para todos los usuarios de las carreteras y entre los distintos grupos de usuarios de las carreteras en África. MÉTODOS:Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar y sitios web de agencias y organizaciones de seguridad vial africanas para encontrar estudios e informes basados en la población y en los registros sobre estimaciones de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico en África publicados entre 1980 y 2015. Se extrajeron y analizaron los datos disponibles para todos los usuarios de las carreteras y por grupo de usuarios de las carreteras. Se realizó un metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios y se estimaron tasas agrupadas de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico. RESULTADOS:Se identificaron 39 estudios de 15 países africanos. La tasa agrupada estimada de traumatismos por accidentes de tráfico fue de 65,2 por cada 100 000 habitantes (intervalo de confianza, IC, del 95%: 60,8–69,5) y la tasa de muertes fue de 16,6 por cada 100 000 habitantes (IC del 95%: 15,2–18,0). Las tasas de traumatismos por accidentes de tráfico aumentaron de 40,7 por cada 100 000 habitantes en la década de 1990 a 92,9 por cada 100 000 habitantes entre 2010 y 2015, mientras que las tasas de muertes se redujeron de 19,9 por cada 100 000 habitantes en la década de 1990 a 9,3 por cada 100 000 habitantes entre 2010 y 2015. La mayor tasa de muertes por accidentes de tráfico se encontró entre los ocupantes de vehículos motorizados de cuatro ruedas, con un 5,9 por cada 100 000 habitantes (IC del 95%: 4,4–7,4), seguida muy de cerca por los peatones, con un 3,4 por cada 100 000 habitantes (IC del 95%: 2,5–4,2). CONCLUSIÓN:En África, la tasa de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico es alta. Puesto que los informes basados en registros infravaloran dicha tasa, es necesario un cotejo sistemático de datos de traumatismos y muertes por accidentes de tráfico para determinar la tasa real. الغرض:تقدير عبء الإصابات وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث المرور فيما يتعلق بمستخدمي الطرق في مجملهم وضمن المجموعات المختلفة لمستخدمي الطرق في أفريقيا. الطريقة:بحثنا في قواعد معطيات MEDLINE، وEMBASE، وGlobal Health، وGoogle Scholar، والمواقع الإلكترونية للهيئات المعنية بالحفاظ على السلامة على الطرق عن الدراسات القائمة على السجلات وقطاع السكان وكذلك التقارير التي تناولت تقديرات للإصابات وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث المرور في أفريقيا والتي تم نشرها في الفترة بين عامي 1980 و2015. وتم استخلاص وتحليل البيانات المتاحة فيما يتعلق بمستخدمي الطرق في مجملهم والمصنفة حسب مجموعة مستخدمي الطرق. استخدمنا نموذج الآثار العشوائية للتحليل التلوي وقدّرنا المعدلات المجمعة للإصابات وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث المرور. النتائج:حددنا 39 دراسة مستمدة من 15 دولة أفريقية. وبلغ المعدل المجمع للإصابات الناجمة عن حوادث المرور حسب التقديرات 65.2 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 10,000 نسمة (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95%: 60.8 – 69.5) وبلغ معدل الوفيات 16.6 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها ‏95%: 15.2–18.0). وارتفعت معدلات الإصابة الناجمة عن حوادث الطرق من 40.7 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة في التسعينيات من القرن العشرين لتصل إلى 92.9 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة في الفترة بين 2010 و2015، بينما انخفضت معدلات الوفاة من 19.9 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة في التسعينيات من القرن العشرين لتبلغ 9.3 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة في الفترة بين عامي 2010 و2015. وكان أعلى معدل للوفيات الناجمة عن حوادث المرور لمستخدمي المركبات ذات الأربع عجلات المزودة بمحرك، حيث بلغ 5.9 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95‏%: 4.4 – 7.4)، ويليهم بفارق صغير المشاة بمعدل يبلغ 3.4 لكل شريحة سكانية يبلغ عدد أفرادها 100,000 نسمة (بنسبة أرجحية مقدارها 95‏%: 2.5–4.2). الاستنتاج:إن عبء الإصابة وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث الطرق مرتفع في أفريقيا. ونظرًا للدور الذي تلعبه التقارير القائمة على السجلات في خفض تقديرات العبء عن معدلاتها الحقيقية، فإن الأمر يقتضي تجميع البيانات المتعلقة بالإصابة وحالات الوفاة الناجمة عن حوادث المرور ومقارنتها بطريقة منهجية لتحديد العبء الحقيقي. 目的:旨在为非洲所有的道路用户以及不同道路用户人群评估道路交通伤害和死亡的负担。. 方法:我们检索了联机医学文献分析和检索系统 (MEDLINE)、荷兰医学文摘数据库 (EMBASE)、全球健康 (Global Health)、谷歌学术 (Google Scholar) 和非洲道路安全机构和组织的网站,收集了 1980 年至 2015 年期间发布的关于非洲道路交通伤害和死亡估计的基于登记信息和人群的研究和报告。同时,摘取了针对所有道路用户以及道路用户人群提供的现有数据,并对其进行了分析。我们开展了随机效应元分析,并且评估了道路交通伤害和死亡的总发生率。. 结果:我们从 15 个非洲国家确定了 39 项研究。 道路交通伤害的总发生率预计为每 10 万人中 65.2 例(95% 置信区间,CI: 60.8–69.5)死亡率为每 10 万人中 16.6 例(95% CI:15.2–18.0)。与 20 世纪 90 年代相比,在 2010 年至 2015 年期间,道路交通伤害率从每 10 万人中 40.7 例上升到每 10 万人中 92.9 例,同期,死亡率从每 10 万人中 19.9 例减少到每 10 万人中 9.3 例。道路交通死亡发生率最高的人群是四轮机动车车主,为每 10 万人中 5.9 例 (95% CI: 4.4–7.4),紧随其后的是行人,为每 10 万人中 3.4 例 (95% CI: 2.5–4.2)。. 结论:非洲道路交通事故和伤亡负担很重。由于基于登记信息的报告会低估负担程度,因此需要对道路交通伤害和死亡数据进行系统整理,以确定真实的负担程度。. Цель:Оценить бремя травматизма и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий для всех участников дорожного движения и для различных групп участников дорожного движения в Африке. Методы:Был выполнен поиск в базах данных MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, системе Google Scholar, на веб-сайтах африканских учреждений по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения и организаций на предмет реестровых и популяционных исследований травматизма и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий в Африке и отчетов по ним, опубликованных в период между 1980 и 2015 годами. Доступные данные по всем участникам дорожного движения и по их отдельным группам были извлечены и проанализированы. С помощью метаанализа с использованием модели случайных эффектов были рассчитаны объединенные показатели травматизма и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий. Результаты:Было выявлено 39 исследований из 15 стран Африки. Объединенный расчетный показатель дорожно-транспортного травматизма составил 65,2 случая на 100 000 жителей (95%-й доверительный интервал, ДИ: 60,8–69,5), а показатель смертности составил 16,6 случая на 100 000 жителей (95%-й ДИ: 15,2–18,0). Показатели травматизма в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий увеличились с 40,7 случая на 100 000 жителей в 1990-х годах до 92,9 случая на 100 000 жителей в период с 2010 по 2015 год, а показатели смертности снизились с 19,9 случая на 100 000 жителей в 1990-х годах до 9,3 случая на 100 000 жителей в период с 2010 по 2015 год. Наибольший показатель смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий наблюдался среди пассажиров моторных четырехколесных транспортных средств и составлял 5,9 случая на 100 000 жителей (95%-й ДИ: 4,4–7,4); ненамного меньший показатель наблюдался среди пешеходов и составлял 3,4 случая на 100 000 жителей (95%-й ДИ: 2,5–4,2). Вывод:В Африке существует высокое бремя травматизма и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий. Поскольку показатели бремени, полученные в результате реестровых исследований, занижены, для определения истинного бремени требуется систематизация данных по травматизму и смертности в результате дорожно-транспортных происшествий.

authors

Adeloye D,Thompson JY,Akanbi MA,Azuh D,Samuel V,Omoregbe N,Ayo CK

doi

10.2471/BLT.15.163121

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-07-01 00:00:00

pages

510-521A

issue

7

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.15.163121

journal_volume

94

pub_type

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    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • National influenza experience in the USA, 1968-69.

    abstract::An extensive outbreak of Hong Kong influenza occurred in the USA during the autumn and early winter of 1968-69. Introduction and seeding of the virus occurred in September and early October as individuals returned from the Far East. Civilian outbreaks did not develop until late October and November. By 28 December, al...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Sharrar RG

    更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00

  • Inflammatory reactions in onchocerciasis: a report on current knowledge and recommendations for further study.

    abstract::This report concerns the host's reactions to the presence of the parasite both in the course of the natural disease and during drug treatment. The various stages of Onchocerca volvulus are discussed in terms of the type of tissue reaction seen. The discussion then turns to basic hypotheses concerning the etiology of t...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Henson PM,Mackenzie CD,Spector WG

    更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Experimental infection of human volunteers with a swine influenzavirus antigenically related to the human A-Hong Kong-68 virus.

    abstract::An influenzavirus of swine origin (swine/Taiwan/7310/70) antigenically closely related to the human A/Hong Kong/68 virus readily infected human volunteers. Those infected developed antihaemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibodies to the human A/Hong Kong/68 virus as well as to the swine/Taiwan virus. The clinical r...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Beare AS,Schild GC,Hall TS

    更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00

  • Natural Brucella infection in Argentine wild foxes.

    abstract::In the course of an investigation in 1962-64 into the natural occurrence of brucellosis among grey foxes in Argentina, agglutination tests were performed on 728 sera of the foxes Dusicyon gymnocercus antiquus and D. griseus griseus, captured in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Rio Negro. Agglutination titres of from ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Szyfres B,González Tomé J

    更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00

  • Asbestos: use, bans and disease burden in Europe.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse national data on asbestos use and related diseases in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS:For each of the 53 countries, per capita asbestos use (kg/capita/year) and age-adjusted mortality rates (deaths/million persons/year) due to mesothelioma and asbestosis were ca...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.13.132118

    authors: Kameda T,Takahashi K,Kim R,Jiang Y,Movahed M,Park EK,Rantanen J

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Bismarck meets Beveridge on the Silk Road: coordinating funding sources to create a universal health financing system in Kyrgyzstan.

    abstract::Options for health financing reform are often portrayed as a choice between general taxation (known as the Beveridge model) and social health insurance (known as the Bismarck model). Ten years of health financing reform in Kyrgyzstan, since the introduction of its compulsory health insurance fund in 1997, provide an e...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/blt.07.049544

    authors: Kutzin J,Ibraimova A,Jakab M,O'Dougherty S

    更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00

  • Dengue type 1 epidemic with haemorrhagic manifestations in Fiji, 1989-90.

    abstract::A dengue type 1 epidemic occurred in Fiji between July 1989 and July 1990. Virus isolation in C6/36 cell cultures and Toxorhynchites mosquitos yielded 36 strains. Of the 3686 cases recorded by the Ministry of Health, 60% involved indigenous Fijians and 37%, Indians. A house-to-house survey revealed that a large majori...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Fagbami AH,Mataika JU,Shrestha M,Gubler DJ

    更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00

  • SEGREGATION OF GENETIC FACTORS DURING RECOMBINATION IN VIBRIO CHOLERAE, STRAIN 162.

    abstract::In this paper an analysis of genetic recombinants derived from crosses between two mutant stocks of Vibrio cholerae, strain 162, differing from one another in nutritional requirements and other characters, is presented. It is shown that parent strains possessing a fertility factor (designated as the P factor) function...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: BHASKARAN K

    更新日期:1964-01-01 00:00:00

  • Challenges in developing national HIV guidelines: experience from the eastern Mediterranean.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To appraise the process of development and clinical content of national human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical practice guidelines of countries in the eastern Mediterranean and to formulate recommendations for future guideline development and adaptation. METHODS:Twenty-three countries in the World Healt...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2471/BLT.10.083790

    authors: De Weggheleire A,Bortolotti V,Zolfo M,Crowley S,Colebunders R,Riedner G,Lynen L

    更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00

  • Studies on reproduction of the International Opacity Reference Preparation.

    abstract::The International Opacity Reference Preparation is a polydisperse suspension of glass particles, the size distribution of which it is hardly possible to reproduce. However, by mixing glass particles of different size distributions it seems practicable to prepare a suspension which is turbidimetrically almost identical...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: SPAUN J

    更新日期:1962-01-01 00:00:00

  • THE AREA DISTRIBUTION OF AN INSECTICIDE (FENTHION) SPRAYED INSIDE THE HUTS OF AN AFRICAN VILLAGE.

    abstract::In the course of a village-scale trial of fenthion, carried out in a village near Lagos, Nigeria, 40% fenthion water-dispersible powder was used at a 3.75% concentration. This was applied by Galeazzi "OM" sprayers with constant-pressure assemblies. The target concentration was 1.5 g/m(2). Filter-papers were placed on ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: GRATZ NG,DAWSON JA

    更新日期:1963-01-01 00:00:00

  • Concentration and separation of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum by gradient centrifugation.

    abstract::Concentration of infected erythrocytes was achieved in cell suspensions derived from long-term culture of Plasmodium falciparum growing asynchronously in human erythrocytes. This new procedure involves the slow centrifugation (at 33 g) of erythrocyte suspensions through 5% Ficoll solutions. Mature asexual erythrocytic...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Mrema JE,Campbell GH,Miranda R,Jaramillo AL,Rieckmann KH

    更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00

  • Exercise interventions: defusing the world's osteoporosis time bomb.

    abstract::Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The associated health care costs are growing in parallel with increases in elderly populations, and it is expected that the number of osteoporotic fractures will double over the next 50 years. The best way to address osteoporosis is...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Kai MC,Anderson M,Lau EM

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00