Abstract：
:Options for health financing reform are often portrayed as a choice between general taxation (known as the Beveridge model) and social health insurance (known as the Bismarck model). Ten years of health financing reform in Kyrgyzstan, since the introduction of its compulsory health insurance fund in 1997, provide an excellent example of why it is wrong to reduce health financing policy to a choice between the Beveridge and Bismarck models. Rather than fragment the system according to the insurance status of the population, as many other low- and middle-income countries have done, the Kyrgyz reforms were guided by the objective of having a single system for the entire population. Key features include the role and gradual development of the compulsory health insurance fund as the single purchaser of health-care services for the entire population using output-based payment methods, the complete restructuring of pooling arrangements from the former decentralized budgetary structure to a single national pool, and the establishment of an explicit benefit package. Central to the process was the transformation of the role of general budget revenues - the main source of public funding for health - from directly subsidizing the supply of services to subsidizing the purchase of services on behalf of the entire population by redirecting them into the health insurance fund. Through their approach to health financing policy, and pooling in particular, the Kyrgyz health reformers demonstrated that different sources of funds can be used in an explicitly complementary manner to enable the creation of a unified, universal system.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Kutzin J,Ibraimova A,Jakab M,O'Dougherty Sdoi
10.2471/blt.07.049544subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-01 00:00:00pages
549-54issue
7eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604pii
S0042-96862009000700017journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Administration of live influenza vaccine produces an asymptomatic immunizing infection of the respiratory tract with the appearance of antibodies in the secretions of the respiratory passages.Because of natural variation in the antigenic and biological properties of the influenza virus, new vaccines must be developed ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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doi：
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
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