Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To analyse national data on asbestos use and related diseases in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS:For each of the 53 countries, per capita asbestos use (kg/capita/year) and age-adjusted mortality rates (deaths/million persons/year) due to mesothelioma and asbestosis were calculated using the databases of the United States Geological Survey and WHO, respectively. Countries were further categorized by ban status: early-ban (ban adopted by 2000, n = 17), late-ban (ban adopted 2001-2013, n = 17), and no-ban (n = 19). FINDINGS:Between 1920-2012, the highest per capita asbestos use was found in the no-ban group. After 2000, early-ban and late-ban groups reduced their asbestos use levels to less than or equal to 0.1 kg/capita/year, respectively, while the no-ban group maintained a very high use at 2.2 kg/capita/year. Between 1994 and 2010, the European Region registered 106,180 deaths from mesothelioma and asbestosis, accounting for 60% of such deaths worldwide. In the early-ban and late-ban groups, 16/17 and 15/17 countries, respectively, reported mesothelioma data to WHO, while only 6/19 countries in the no-ban group reported such data. The age-adjusted mortality rates for mesothelioma for the early-ban, late-ban and no-ban groups were 9.4, 3.7 and 3.2 deaths/million persons/year, respectively. Asbestosis rates for the groups were 0.8, 0.9 and 1.5 deaths/million persons/year, respectively. CONCLUSION:Within the European Region, the early-ban countries reported most of the current asbestos-related deaths. However, this might shift to the no-ban countries, since the disease burden will likely increase in these countries due the heavy use of asbestos. OBJECTIF:Analyser les données nationales sur l'utilisation de l'amiante et les maladies qui y sont associées, dans la région européenne de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS). MÉTHODES:Pour chacun des 53 pays, l'utilisation de l'amiante par habitant (kg/habitant/an) et les taux de mortalité selon l'âge (décès/millions de personnes/an) dus au mésothéliome et à l'asbestose ont été calculés en utilisant les bases de données de l'USGS (United States Geological Survey) et de l'OMS, respectivement. Les pays ont ensuite été classés en fonction de leur statut d'interdiction: interdiction précoce (interdiction adoptée avant 2000, n = 17), interdiction tardive (interdiction adoptée entre 2001–2013, n = 17) et aucune interdiction (n = 19). RÉSULTATS:Entre 1920 et 2012, l'utilisation la plus élevée d'amiante par habitant a été trouvée dans le groupe sans aucune interdiction. Après 2000, les groupes à interdiction précoce et à interdiction tardive ont réduit leurs niveaux d'utilisation de l'amiante à un niveau inférieur ou égal à 0,1 kg/habitant/an, respectivement, tandis que le groupe sans aucune interdiction a maintenu une utilisation très élevée de 2,2 kg/habitant/an. Entre 1994 et 2010, la région européenne a déclaré 106 180 décès causés par le mésothéliome et l'asbestose, représentant 60% de ces causes de décès dans le monde. Dans les groupes à interdiction précoce et à interdiction tardive, 16/17 et 15/17 pays, respectivement, ont fourni des données relatives au mésothéliome à l'OMS, alors que seuls 6/19 pays dans le groupe sans aucune interdiction ont fourni de telles données. Les taux de mortalité selon l'âge du mésothéliome pour les groupes à interdiction précoce, à interdiction tardive et sans aucune interdiction étaient de 9,4, 3,7 et 3,2 décès/million de personnes/an, respectivement. Les taux d'asbestose des mêmes groupes étaient de 0,8, 0,9 et 1,5 décès/million de personnes/an, respectivement. CONCLUSION:Au sein de la région européenne, les pays à interdiction précoce ont signalé la plupart des décès actuels liés à l'asbestose. Cependant, cela pourrait se déplacer vers les pays sans aucune interdiction, puisque la charge de morbidité augmentera probablement dans ces pays en raison de leur utilisation importante de l'amiante. OBJETIVO:Analizar los datos nacionales sobre el uso del amianto y las enfermedades relacionadas a este en la región europea de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). MÉTODOS:Para cada uno de los 53 países, se calculó el uso del amianto por cápita (kg/cápita/año) y las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad (muertes/millón de personas/año) causadas por mesotelioma y asbestosis a través de, respectivamente, las bases de datos de la Encuesta Geológica de los Estados Unidos y la OMS. Además, los países se clasificaron según el estado de prohibición: prohibición temprana (prohibición adoptada en el año 2000, n = 17), prohibición tardía (prohibición adoptada entre 2001–2013, n = 17) y sin prohibición (n = 19). RESULTADOS:El grupo sin prohibición presentó el mayor uso de amianto por cápita entre 1920–2012. A partir del año 2000, los grupos con prohibiciones tempranas y tardías redujeron sus niveles de uso de amianto a menos de o igual a 0,1 kg/cápita/año, respectivamente, mientras que el grupo sin prohibición mantuvo un uso muy elevado de 2,2 kg/cápita/año. Entre 1994 y 2010, la Región de Europa registró 106 180 muertes por mesotelioma y asbestosis, lo que representa el 60 % de este tipo de muertes en todo el mundo. Los grupos con prohibiciones tempranas y tardías, 16/17 y 15/17 países respectivamente, comunicaron los datos de mesotelioma a la OMS, mientras que solo 6/19 países del grupo sin prohibición facilitaron dicha información. Las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad para el mesotelioma en los países con prohibiciones tempranas y tardías y sin prohibición fueron de 9,4, 3,7 y 3,2 muertes/millón de personas/año, respectivamente, y las tasas de asbestosis, de 0,8, 0,9 y 1,5 muertes/millón de personas/año, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN:En la Región de Europa, los países con la prohibición temprana notificaron el mayor número de las muertes actuales relacionadas con el amianto. Sin embargo, esto podría cambiar a los países sin prohibición, ya que es probable que la carga de la enfermedad aumente en dichos países debido al gran uso de amianto. الغرض:تحليل البيانات الوطنية بشأن استخدام الحرير الصخري (الأسبستوس) والأمراض ذات الصلة في الإقليم الأوروبي لمنظمة الصحة العالمية. الطريقة:في كل بلد من البلدان الثلاثة والخمسين، تم حساب نصيب الفرد من استخدام الحرير الصخري (الأسبستوس) (كلغ/فرد/سنة) ومعدلات الوفيات المصححة باحتساب العمر (وفاة/مليون نسمة/سنة) الناجمة عن ورم المتوسطة وداء الأسبستوس، باستخدام قواعد بيانات المسح الجيولوجي للولايات المتحدة ومنظمة الصحة العالمية، على التوالي. وتم تصنيف البلدان بعد ذلك حسب حالة الحظر: الحظر المبكر (الحظر الذي تم اعتماده بحلول عام 2000، العدد = 17)، الحظر المتأخر (الحظر الذي تم اعتماده في الفترة من 2001 إلى 2013، العدد = 17)، وعدم الحظر (العدد = 19). النتائج:بين عامي 1920 و2012، تبين وجود أعلى نصيب للفرد من استخدام الحرير الصخري (الأسبستوس) في مجموعة عدم الحظر. وبعد عام 2000، قللت مجموعتا الحظر المبكر والحظر المتأخر مستويات استخدامهما للحرير الصخري (الأسبستوس) إلى أقل من أو يساوي 0.1 كلغ/فرد/سنة، على التوالي، بينما حافظت مجموعة عدم الحظر على استخدام عال جداً بمعدل 2.2 كلغ/فرد/سنة. وبين عامي 1994 و2010، سجل الإقليم الأوروبي 106180 حالة وفاة ناجمة عن ورم المتوسطة وداء الأسبستوس، وهو يمثل 60 % من حالات الوفاة على الصعيد العالمي. وقام 16 من بين 17 بلداً و15 من بين 17 بلداً على التوالي في مجموعتي الحظر المبكر والحظر المتأخر بالإبلاغ عن بيانات ورم المتوسطة إلى منظمة الصحة العالمية في حين لم يقم بالإبلاغ عن هذه البيانات إلا 6 من بين 19 بلداً في مجموعة عدم الحظر. وكانت معدلات الوفيات المصححة بحسب العمر في ورم المتوسطة بالنسبة لمجموعات الحظر المبكر والحظر المتأخر وعدم الحظر 9.4 و3.7 و3.2 وفاة/مليون نسمة/سنة، على التوالي. وكانت معدلات داء الأسبستوس لدى المجموعات 0.8 و0.9 و1.5 وفاة/مليون نسمة/سنة، على التوالي. الاستنتاج:أبلغت بلدان الحظر المبكر داخل الإقليم الأوروبي عن معظم حالات الوفاة الراهنة ذات الصلة بالحرير الصخري (الأسبستوس). إلا أنه من المحتمل أن يتحول هذا الأمر إلى بلدان عدم الحظر، حيث يرجح ازدياد عبء المرض في هذه البلدان بسبب استخدام الحرير الصخري (الأسبستوس) على نحو كثيف. 目的:分析世界卫生组织(WHO)欧洲地区有关石棉使用国家数据和相关疾病。 方法:对于53个国家中的每个国家,分别使用美国地质调查局和WHO的数据库计算人均石棉使用(公斤/人/年)以及间皮瘤和石棉肺年龄调整死亡率(例死亡/百万人/年)。按禁令状态将国家进一步分类:较早禁用(2000年之前禁止,n = 17),较晚禁用(2001–2013年禁止,n = 17),和未禁用(n = 19)。 结果:在1920–2012年之间,在未禁用组中发现人均石棉使用量最高。2000年之后,较早禁用和较晚禁用组石棉用量水平有所减少,分别降至小于或等于0.1公斤/人/年,而未禁用组保持着非常高的使用量,为2.2公斤/人/年。从1994年到2010年,欧洲区域登记106 180人死于间皮瘤和石棉肺,占全球同类死亡人数的60%。在较早禁用和较晚禁用组中,16/17和15/17个国家分别向WHO报告间皮瘤数据,而未禁用组中只有6/19的国家公布这些数据。较早禁用、较晚禁用和未禁用组间皮瘤年龄调整死亡率分别为9.4、3.7和3.2例死亡/百万人/年。各个组的石棉肺死亡率分别为0.8、0.9和1.5例死亡/百万人/年。 结论:在欧洲地区,较早禁用国家是当前石棉相关的死亡大多数案例的报告来源。然而,这种情况可能转移到未禁用国家,因为这些国家的疾病负担可能会由于大量使用石棉而增加 Цель:Проанализировать национальные данные Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) об использовании асбеста и связанных с ним заболеваний в Европейском регионе. Методы:Для каждой из 53 стран были рассчитаны уровни использования асбеста на душу населения (кг/на душу населения/год) и смертности, скорректированной по возрасту (смертей/млн человек/год), от мезотелиомы и асбестоза, используя базы данных Геологической службы США и ВОЗ соответственно. Далее страны были дополнительно классифицированы по статусу принятия запрета на использование асбеста: ранний запрет (принятый к 2000 г., n = 17), поздний запрет (принятый между 2001—2013 гг., n = 17) и отсутствие запрета (n = 19). Результаты:За период 1920—2012 гг. самый высокий уровень использования асбеста на душу населения был зафиксирован в группе стран, где запрет отсутствует. После 2000 года страны с ранним и поздним принятием запрета сократили свои уровни использования асбеста до 0,1 кг/чел/год, в то время как в группе стран, не имеющих запрета, сохранялся очень высокий уровень использования, равный 2,2 кг/чел/год. В период с 1994 по 2010 гг. в Европейском регионе было зарегистрировано 106 180 смертей от мезотелиомы и асбестоза, что составляет 60% от таких смертей в мире. В группе стран с ранним и поздним запретом 16 из 17 и 15 из 17 стран, соответственно, сообщили в ВОЗ данные о заболеваемости мезотелиомой, в то время как в группе, не имеющей запрета, только 6 из 19 стран сообщили такие данные. Показатели смертности от мезотелиомы, скорректированные по возрасту, среди стран с ранним запретом, поздним запретом и отсутствием такового составили 9,4, 3,7 и 3,2 смертей/млн. человек/год соответственно. Уровни асбестоза для этих групп составили 0,8, 0,9 и 1,5 смертей/млн. человек/год соответственно. Вывод:В Европейском регионе страны с ранним запретом сообщили о большинстве смертей, связанных с асбестом. Подобные показатели, тем не менее, могут распространиться на группу стран с отсутствием запрета, так как, вероятно, что в связи с интенсивным использованием асбеста бремя болезней в этих странах увеличится.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Kameda T,Takahashi K,Kim R,Jiang Y,Movahed M,Park EK,Rantanen Jdoi
10.2471/BLT.13.132118subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-01 00:00:00pages
790-7issue
11eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604pii
BLT.13.132118journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In the USA, the concept of an occupational health programme has grown steadily, and now embraces the total health of the worker. Elements of basic in-plant health programmes have been identified and patterns developed for successful operation.Today, health services in small plants still fall far short of optimal requi...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the study reported was to investigate the hypothesis that a diet low in protein would affect ability to detoxify pesticides. If this were so, the results would have application to use of pesticides in areas of the world where the diet is normally low in protein. To test the hypothesis, weanling albino...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modified ovitrap from which larvae could not escape was employed for one year for the control of Aedes aegypti at Blossom Heights, Houston, Texas. At the end of this period, the Breteau index in the ovitrap area had declined by 36%, in contrast to a sharp increase of nearly 500% in the non-ovitrap area. The premises...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several laboratories have reported a large number of plasmodial antigens that may be implicated in the immune-mediated protection against the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to establish relationships between the antigens reported by different laboratories, a comparative testing of 37 antibody r...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PROBLEM:Streptococcus suis is a common cause of adult bacterial meningitis in Viet Nam, and possibly other parts of Asia, yet this disabling infection has been largely neglected. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment are relatively straightforward and affordable but, in early 2007, no national diagnostic, case management...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.2471/BLT.09.067959
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine how much influenza contributes to severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), a leading cause of death in children, among people of all ages in Bangladesh. METHODS:Physicians obtained nasal and throat swabs to test for influenza virus from patients who were hospitalized within 7 days of the onset o...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.11.090209
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To derive regional weight-for-age growth references to help optimize age-based dosing of antimalarials in Africa, the Americas, South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. METHODS:A weight-for-age database was constructed from pre-existing population-based anthropometric data obtained from household surveys and...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.139113
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As stocks of the first International Standard for Chorionic Gonadotrophin were running low, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization authorized the National Institute for Medical Research, London, in 1960 to proceed with arrangements to replace it. This paper describes the nature and handling of the prop...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess government actions to improve the healthiness of food environments in New Zealand, based on the healthy food environment policy index. METHODS:A panel of 52 public health experts rated the extent of government implementation against international best practice for 42 indicators of food environment ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.145540
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation of nutritional status using anthropometry has been widely employed in field studies and nutritional surveillance programmes. Two of the primary indicators used, weight-for-age and height-for-age, require accurate age information for proper assessments to be made. Three data sets on nutritional status we...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subjects with sickle cell trait have been known to offer resistance to induced Plasmodium falciparum infection. The resistance to malarial infection in other haemoglobinopathic disorders is not clearly known. Investigations were undertaken to test for resistance to malaria in Hb E thalassaemia disease. Compared to con...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1964-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to determine the effectiveness of anti-typhoid vaccines in man a controlled field trial, the first of its kind, was organized in 1954-60 in the town and district of Osijek, Yugoslavia. Heat-killed, phenol-preserved and alcohol-killed, alcohol-preserved anti-typhoid monovaccines were used, with phenolized dyse...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides an overview of the current Chinese health care system with particular emphasis on rural-urban differences. China's post-1978 economic reforms, although they improved general living standards, created some unintended consequences, as evidenced by the disintegration of the rural cooperative medical...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Most data on self-poisoning in rural Asia have come from secondary hospitals. We aimed to: assess how transfers from primary to secondary hospitals affected estimates of case-fatality ratio (CFR); determine whether there was referral bias according to gender or poison; and estimate the annual incidence of al...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.05.025379
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health care reform in Europe is discussed in the light of the Ljubljana Charter, with particular reference to progress made in Estonia and Lithuania. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the extent to which families follow referral and follow-up recommendations given in accordance with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) strategy and the factors that influence families' responses to such recommendations. METHODS:Children aged 2 months-5 years who presented t...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study the efficacy of oral rehydration solution (ORS) was compared with that of intravenous fluid (IVF) in the treatment of moderate and some severe cases of dehydration due to diarrhea in a treatment center in Bangladesh during 1980-81. 10,379 patients with moderate and severe dehydration in 1980 and 9897 in...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ParaSight(R)-F test is a qualitative diagnostic test of Plasmodium falciparum, which is based on the detection by a monoclonal antibody of a species-specific soluble antigen (histidine-rich protein (HRP-II)) in whole blood and which can be performed without special equipment. A visual reading is given by a polyclo...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To perform a comprehensive assessment of maternal mortality in Argentina, the ultimate purpose being to strengthen the surveillance system and reorient reproductive health policies to prevent maternal deaths. METHODS:Our multicentre population-based study combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2471/blt.06.032334
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in both urban and periurban areas of endemic countries have been changing as development progresses. The following different scenarios involving Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis are discussed: (1) infected persons entering n...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the consistent availability of basic surgical resources at selected facilities in seven countries. METHODS:In 2010-2014, we used a situational analysis tool to collect data at district and regional hospitals in Bangladesh (n = 14), the Plurinational State of Bolivia (n = 18), Ethiopia (n = 19), Gua...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.16.175885
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current textbooks link influenza pandemics to influenza A virus subtypes H2 (1889-91), H3 (1990), H1 (1918-20), H2 (1957-58) and H3 (1968), a pattern suggesting subtype recycling in humans. Since H1 reappeared in 1977, whatever its origin, some workers feel that H2 is the next pandemic candidate. This report reviews t...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In 2000, a referral hospital in the Gambia accepted a donation of oxygen concentrators to help maintain oxygen supplies. The concentrators broke down and were put into storage. A case study was done to find the reasons for the problem and to draw lessons to help improve both oxygen supplies and the success of...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.07.042994
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Lamia Plain, Greece, 12 years after the cessation of DDT spraying, Anopheles sacharovi is still present in very high densities and appears to have the same biting habits and host preferences as previously. Mosquitos of this species are still resistant to DDT and dieldrin. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several thousand Glossina pallidipes flies were dissected to determine trypanosome infection rates in the Lambwe Valley and to collect information on the hosts of this tsetse. A total of 1 450 (19.3%) flies had mature trypanosome infections but the rate varied between 9.6% and 30.9% in the Lambwe Valley. In the Roo Va...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PROBLEM:Acute diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most common causes of child mortality worldwide. Safe, effective and inexpensive solutions are available for prevention and control, but they do not reach needy communities. APPROACH:Interventions based on research were designed to train...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.09.065649
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern vector control campaigns cannot be conducted efficiently and economically unless the organization is staffed with personnel having a high standard of training. Both professional and non-professional personnel are employed at different levels in the organization and the type of training they require depends upon...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1963-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In March 1990 a study was carried out in the village of Kicheba, United Republic of Tanzania, in which the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was sprayed on all the internal surfaces of houses and other shelters at a coverage of about 25 mg of active ingredient per m2. Every day for 6 days, 12 spraymen and 3 sq...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies of the cardiovascular characteristics of three typically rural communities in the Gambia, Jamaica, and the United Republic of Tanzania were carried out by means of standardized methodology. This paper reports comparisons of arterial blood pressure distribution and electrocardiographic findings ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The associated health care costs are growing in parallel with increases in elderly populations, and it is expected that the number of osteoporotic fractures will double over the next 50 years. The best way to address osteoporosis is...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00