Abstract:
:Several laboratories have reported a large number of plasmodial antigens that may be implicated in the immune-mediated protection against the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to establish relationships between the antigens reported by different laboratories, a comparative testing of 37 antibody reagents was carried out at the Reference Laboratory for Malaria Antibodies and Antigens. Based on the results of the comparative testing, these antibodies were divided into seven groups according to similarities in the stage-specificity, the subcellular localization and the apparent molecular mass (M(r)) of the antigens they recognized.Twenty-two antibody reagents were grouped together on the basis that all gave a characteristic grape-pattern in indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and precipitated a schizont/merozoite antigen of M(r) 190 000 to 205 000. Another group consisted of one antibody which reacted with a M(r) 90 000 protein expressed only in mature trophozoites and young schizonts. A third group consisted of three antibodies which reacted with all blood stages of the parasite and recognized a M(r) 36 000 protein. The fourth group contained one antibody which recognized a M(r) 14 000 protein and gave an IIF staining of schizonts. The fifth group consisted of an antiserum raised against a fusion protein. This antiserum reacted with schizont and ring-stage parasites and precipitated a M(r) 75 000 antigen. One rabbit antiserum raised against a different fusion protein and one monoclonal antibody (Mab) were put together in the sixth group on the basis that both gave a cytoplasmic IIF staining of schizonts and recognized a strain-specific, M(r) 250 000 antigen from one P. falciparum strain. A seventh group was made up of 8 antibodies on the basis that all gave a similar two-dot IIF staining pattern of segmented schizonts and free merozoites, although these antibodies recognized four different sets of antigens.These results were presented to a subcommittee of the Scientific Working Group on the Immunology of Malaria (SWG-IMMAL) during a workshop held at the reference laboratory. The P. falciparum proteins recognized by the antibody reagents used for this workshop represent only some of the different types of asexual blood-stage antigens that have been described in the literature..
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Dayal R,Decrind C,Lambert PHsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-01-01 00:00:00pages
403-14issue
3eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract::An influenzavirus of swine origin (swine/Taiwan/7310/70) antigenically closely related to the human A/Hong Kong/68 virus readily infected human volunteers. Those infected developed antihaemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibodies to the human A/Hong Kong/68 virus as well as to the swine/Taiwan virus. The clinical r...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metrifonate, an organophosphorus compound, caused a decline in the number of microfilariae in domestic cats experimentally infected with Brugia pahangi. It was found that the drug was active against both microfilariae and macrofilariae, but probably its greatest effect was on the macrofilarial stages. It is suggested ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine temporal trends in caesarean delivery rates in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, by country and wealth quintile. METHODS:Cross-sectional data were extracted from the results of 80 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 26 countries in southern Asia or sub-Saharan Africa. Caesarean deliver...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.13.117598
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the prevalence of multiple types of maltreatment (MTM), potentially confounding factors and associations with depression, anxiety and self-esteem among adolescents in Viet Nam. METHODS:In 2006 we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2591 students (aged 12-18 years; 52.1% female) from randomly-sel...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.08.060061
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author describes the design and operation of an automatic molluscicide dispenser for use in flowing water. The equipment, which consists basically of a measuring weir coupled to a float-activated siphon, was designed for simplicity, low cost, construction with commonly available materials, and operation by untrain...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1956-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article surveys the attitudes and perceptions of a random sample of the elderly population in three regions of Italy on the use and efficacy of influenza vaccine. The data were collected by direct interviews using a standard questionnaire. The results show that vaccination coverage against influenza is inadequate...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risks and expected benefits from iodized oil, given orally or by injection, to pregnant women in areas of severe iodine deficiency where iodized salt is not available were evaluated. The conclusions, which were approved by the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD), showed that f...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper Lassa virus is used as a model in pinpointing priorities for future research on the arenaviruses. Suggestions for specific investigations and public health measures cover the detection of Lassa virus infection, the pathology and therapy of the disease, and its prevention and control. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To analyse national data on asbestos use and related diseases in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS:For each of the 53 countries, per capita asbestos use (kg/capita/year) and age-adjusted mortality rates (deaths/million persons/year) due to mesothelioma and asbestosis were ca...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.13.132118
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the request of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, a controlled field trial of a polyvaccine containing typhoid, paratyphoid and dysentery antigens and a purified tetanus toxoid was undertaken in 1958. The main object of this trial, which was carried out over a 10-month period simultaneously in four localities, was...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article presents a nomenclature system for allergens which has been officially recommended by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The nomenclature is based on proposals of the IUIS Sub-Committee for Allergen Nomenclature and is applicable to highly purified, well-characterized allergens and...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To establish a surveillance network for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in industrial settings and estimate the risk factor burden using standardized tools. METHODS:We conducted a baseline cross-sectional survey (as part of a CVD surveillance programme) of industrial populations from 10 companies ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.05.027037
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of standard potency Edmonston-Zagreb (E-Z) measles vaccine was tested in a randomized trial of Black infants in a rural area of South Africa where a measles epidemic was occurring. The following immunization schedules were used: 48 infants aged 4-8.5 months who received 3.9 log 50 infectious units of E-Z ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A follow-up study of coronary heart disease (CHD) was carried out among adults in Delhi 3 years after an initial community-based epidemiological survey of the same population. A total of 575 of the 814 cases of CHD detected clinically and by electrocardiogram (ECG) in the initial survey took part. On re-examination of...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author reviews the growing body of evidence that urban populations of Culex pipiens fatigans have increased extensively during recent years in both Africa and Asia. Two main factors seem to be responsible-the spread of urbanization, providing favourable habitats for this essentially urban mosquito; and the increas...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of ringworm of the scalp in many countries, and the fact that many of the current measures to control it are inconvenient for mass use, lend particular interest to the account given in this paper of mass treatment of tinea capitis in an Arab village in Israel. A total of 446 cases were treated, on an am...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malathion shows promise as a substitute for chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides in the control of malaria whenever the latter are unsuitable because of Anopheles resistance or other reasons. A field trial of malathion was carried out in 1963-64, covering an area of about 500 km(2) with a population of about 26 000, i...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccines constitute the single most important cost factor in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Mozambique and in view of future new disease-control initiatives, the proportional expenditure on vaccines will only increase. Airfreight may contribute up to at least 25% of the total cost of delivered vaccine...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A very large private health sector exists in low-income countries. It consists of a great variety of providers and is used by a wide cross-section of the population. There are substantial concerns about the quality of care given, especially at the more informal end of the range of providers. This is particularly true ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is often impossible to measure the reference standard of cardiorespiratory fitness (the maximum oxygen intake) directly, and there is thus a need for subsidiary standard procedures based on body responses to submaximal exercise. In order to reach agreement on such procedures, a recent international working party ha...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until about 10 years ago heparin was prepared from ox lungs and was regarded as a homogeneous polymer (of a sulfated mucopolysaccharide) with a relatively constant biological activity of about 100 IU/mg. The mucus and mucosa of the intestine of hog, sheep and ox have now become the main industrial source of bulk start...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether home visits for neonatal care by community health workers can reduce infant and neonatal deaths and stillbirths in resource-limited settings. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review up to 2008 of controlled trials comparing various intervention packages, one of them being home visits fo...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.09.069369
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The WHO Alliance for Global Elimination of Trachoma by 2020 has increased the need to identify ocular chlamydial infections by clinical examination in areas of both high and low prevalence. The relationship between clinically active trachoma (as defined by clinical examination) and chlamydial infection is known for ar...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research carried out on kwashiorkor in Kampala, Uganda, is discussed. The first essential in both the treatment and the prevention of this disease being a diet rich in protein (preferably animal protein, to ensure an adequate intake of vitamin B(12) and a satisfactory mixture of amino-acids), methods of incorpo...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To evaluate the effect of a disease management programme in Kazakhstan on quality indicators for patients with hypertension, diabetes and chronic heart failure. Methods:A supportive, interdisciplinary, quality improvement programme was implemented between November 2014 and November 2015 at seven polyclinics ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.18.227447
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unacceptably high mortality related to acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children, recognition of the importance of bacteria in the causation of severe acute lower respiratory infection in developing countries, and the established effectiveness of antimicrobial and supportive treatment in averting death make a...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Presented is an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery using cost and services data from the Lumbini Zonal Eye Care Programme in Nepal. The analysis suggests that cataract surgery may be even more cost-effective than previously reported. Under a "best estimate" scenario, cataract surgery had a cost o...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To document the prevalence, age-distribution, and risk factors for anaemia in Tanzanian children less than 5 years old, thereby assisting in the development of effective strategies for controlling anaemia. METHODS:Cluster sampling was used to identify 2417 households at random from four contiguous districts ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report concerns the host's reactions to the presence of the parasite both in the course of the natural disease and during drug treatment. The various stages of Onchocerca volvulus are discussed in terms of the type of tissue reaction seen. The discussion then turns to basic hypotheses concerning the etiology of t...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of adequate monitoring and the costs of measuring CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+ cell) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load in people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in seven countries in the WHO Region of the Americas. METHODS:We obtained retrospective, longitudinal...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.14.147447
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00