Developing regional weight-for-age growth references for malaria-endemic countries to optimize age-based dosing of antimalarials.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To derive regional weight-for-age growth references to help optimize age-based dosing of antimalarials in Africa, the Americas, South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. METHODS:A weight-for-age database was constructed from pre-existing population-based anthropometric data obtained from household surveys and research groups. It contained data collected between 1995 and 2012 on 1,263,119 individuals (909,368 female, 353,751 male) older than 14 days and younger than 50 years in 64 malaria-endemic countries. Regional growth references were generated using a generalized additive model for location, scale and shape by combining data with varying distributions from a range of sources. Countries were weighted by their population at risk of malaria to enable references to be used in optimizing the dosing of antimalarials. FINDINGS:Large differences in weight-for-age distributions existed between the regions and between the regions and global growth standards. For example, the average adult male from the Americas weighed 68.1 kg – 6.0 kg more than males in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific (average: 62.1 kg). For adult women, the difference was over 10.4 kg: the average was 60.4 kg in the Americas and 50.0 kg in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. CONCLUSION:There were substantial variations in weight-for-age growth curves between malaria-endemic areas. The growth reference charts derived here can be used to guide the evidence-based optimization of aged-based dosing regimens for antimalarials and other drugs often prescribed by age. OBJECTIF:Obtenir les références de croissance pour le rapport poids/âge pour aider à optimiser la posologie des médicaments antipaludiques en fonction de l'âge dans l'Afrique, les Amériques, le Pacifique occidental et l'Asie du Sud-Est. MÉTHODES:Une base de données des rapports poids/âge a été créée à partir des données anthropométriques basées sur les populations et préexistantes, qui ont été obtenues à partir d'enquêtes sur les ménages et de groupes de recherche. Elle contenait des données collectées entre 1995 et 2012 auprès de 1 263 119 personnes (909 368 femmes, 353 751 hommes) âgées de plus de 14 jours et de moins de 50 ans dans 64 pays où le paludisme est endémique. Les références régionales de croissance ont été générées en utilisant le modèle additif généralisé pour la localisation, la taille et la forme en combinant les données avec des distributions différentes à partir de sources diverses. Les pays ont été pondérés en fonction de leur population exposée au paludisme afin que les références puissent être utilisées pour optimiser la posologie des médicaments antipaludiques. RÉSULTATS:Il existait de grandes différences dans les distributions des rapports poids/âge entre les régions et entre les régions et les normes mondiales de croissance. Par exemple, l'homme adulte moyen de les Amériques pesait 68,1 kg – soit 6.0 kg de plus que les hommes vivant dans le Pacifique occidental et l'Asie du Sud-Est (moyenne: 62,1 kg). Pour les femmes adultes, la différence dépassait les 10.4 kg: la moyenne était de 60,4 kg dans les Amériques et de 50,0 kg dans le Pacifique occidental et l'Asie du Sud-Est. CONCLUSION:Il existait des variations substantielles dans les courbes de croissance pour le rapport poids/âge entre les zones où le paludisme est endémique. Les tableaux de référence de croissance qui sont obtenus ici peuvent être utilisés pour guider l'optimisation factuelle des schémas posologiques des médicaments antipaludiques en fonction de l'âge et des autres médicaments qui sont souvent prescrits par âge. OBJETIVO:Obtener referencias regionales del crecimiento ponderal correspondiente a cada edad para ayudar a optimizar la dosificación basada en la edad de los medicamentos contra la malaria en África, las Américas, el Pacífico Occidental y Asia Sudoriental. MÉTODOS:Se elaboró una base de datos de pesos correspondientes a cada edad a partir de los datos antropométricos preexistentes basados en la población, obtenidos de encuestas a hogares y grupos de investigación. Esta contenía los datos recogidos entre 1995 y 2012 de 1 263 119 personas (909 368 mujeres y 353 751 varones) mayores de 14 días y menores de 50 años en 64 países donde la malaria es endémica. Se generaron referencias regionales de crecimiento por medio de un modelo aditivo generalizado para la ubicación, la escala y la forma mediante la combinación de datos con diferentes distribuciones procedentes de fuentes diversas. Los países se ponderaron por su población en riesgo de malaria para permitir que las referencias se utilicen en la optimización de la dosificación de los medicamentos contra la malaria. RESULTADOS:Existían grandes diferencias en las distribuciones del peso correspondiente a cada edad entre las regiones, así como entre las regiones y los estándares de crecimiento mundial. Por ejemplo, el varón adulto promedio de las Américas pesaba 68,1 kg, 6.0 kg más que los varones del Pacífico Occidental y Asia Sudoriental (promedio: 62,1 kg). En las mujeres adultas, la diferencia fue de más de 10.4 kg: el promedio fue de 60,4 kg en las Américas y 50,0 kg en el Pacífico Occidental y Asia Sudoriental. CONCLUSIÓN:Hubo variaciones sustanciales en las curvas de crecimiento ponderal correspondiente a cada edad entre las zonas donde la malaria es endémica. Las tablas de referencia de crecimiento aquí obtenidas se pueden utilizar para guiar la optimización con base empírica de los regímenes de dosificación basados en la edad para los medicamentos contra la malaria y otros medicamentos que se prescriben con frecuencia en función de la edad. الغرض:التوصل إلى معايير مرجعية لنمو الوزن حسب العمر على الصعيد الإقليمي للمساعدة في تحسين جرعات الأدوية المضادة للملاريا حسب العمر في أفريقيا والأمريكيتين وجنوب شرق آسيا وغرب المحيط الهادئ. الطريقة:تم إنشاء قاعدة بيانات معنية بالوزن حسب العمر من بيانات القياسات البشرية السكانية السابقة التي تم الحصول عليها من الدراسات الاستقصائية للأسر المعيشية والفرق البحثية. واحتوت على بيانات تم جمعها في الفترة من عام 1995 إلى عام 2012 حول 1263119 فرداً (909368 أنثى و353751 ذكراً) أعمارهم أكبر من 14 يوماً وأقل من 50 عاماً في البلدان الأربع والستين التي يتوطنها الملاريا. وتم التوصل إلى المعايير المرجعية للنمو على الصعيد الإقليمي باستخدام نموذج مضاف عام للموقع والنطاق والشكل عن طريق دمج البيانات ذات التوزيعات المتباينة من مجموعة من المصادر. وتم ترجيح البلدان حسب سكانها المعرضين للإصابة بالملاريا بغية تمكين استخدام المعايير المرجعية في تحقيق أفضل استفادة من جرعات الأدوية المضادة للملاريا. النتائج:تبين وجود فروق كبيرة في توزيعات الوزن حسب العمر بين الأقاليم وبين الأقاليم ومعايير النمو العالمية. على سبيل المثال، كان وزن متوسط الذكر البالغ من الأمريكيتين 68.1 كلغم - بزيادة قدرها 6.0 كلغم عن الذكور في جنوب شرق آسيا وغرب المحيط الهادئ (المتوسط: 62.1 كلغم). وبالنسبة للنساء البالغات، كان الفرق أعلى من 10.4 كلغم: كان المتوسط 60.4 كلغم في الأمريكيتين و50.0 كلغم في جنوب شرق آسيا وغرب المحيط الهادئ. الاستنتاج:تبين وجود تفاوتات كبيرة في منحنيات نمو الوزن حسب العمر بين المناطق التي يتوطنها الملاريا. ويمكن استخدام المنحنيات المرجعية للنمو التي تم التوصل إليها هنا لتوجيه التحسين المستند على البيّنات لنظم الجرعات المستندة على العمر للأدوية المضادة للملاريا وغيرها من الأدوية التي توصف عادة حسب العمر. 目的:通过使用现有的人体测量数据获得地区年龄别体重的生长参考,以优化在非洲地区、美洲区域、西太平洋地区和东南亚地区基于年龄的抗疟药物剂量。. 方法:年龄别体重数据库由基于人群的已有人体测量数据构建,这些数据来自于入户调查和研究团体。它包含了在1995年到2012年间在64个疟疾流行国家收集的大于14天且小于50岁的1263119位个人(909368名女性,353751名男性)的数据。通过将数据与一系列来源范围的各种分布相结合,使用位置、规模和形态的广义相加模型生成地区生长参考。国家按其疟疾高危人群进行加权,使其可以在优化抗疟药物剂量中使用参考。. 结果:在区域之间以及区域和全球生长标准之间存在年龄别体重的分布的重大差别。例如,美洲普通成年男性重达68.1公斤,比东南亚和西太平洋男性重6.0公斤(平均:62.1公斤)。成年女性的差别则超过10.4公斤:美洲的平均为60.4公斤,东南亚和西太平洋的平均为50.0公斤。. 结论:疟疾流行地区之间年龄别体重生长曲线存在明显的差异。从其中派生的生长参考图表可以用来指导对基于证据的抗疟药物基于年龄的给药方案和通常按年龄配给的药物的给药方案的优化。. Цель:Определить региональные справочные показатели соотношения веса и возрастадля оптимизации возрастных дозировок противомалярийных препаратов в Африке, Америке, Юго-Восточной Азии и Западной части Тихого океана. Методы:База данных по соотношению веса и возраста была создана на основе уже существующих популяционных антропометрических данных, полученных из исследований домашних хозяйств и от исследовательских групп. В ней содержались данные, собранные в 1995-2012 гг., по 1 263 119 физическим лицам (909 368 женщинам и 353 751 мужчине) в возрасте от 14 дней до 50 лет, проживавших в 64 эндемичных по малярии странах. Региональные справочные показатели роста были получены с использованием обобщенной аддитивной модели с учетом местоположения, масштаба и формы, а также посредством комбинирования данных, полученных по различным распределениям и из различных источников. Полученные показатели для стран были взвешены относительно доли их населения, подверженного риску малярии, с целью получения справочных показателей, подлежащих использованию при оптимизации дозировки противомалярийных препаратов. Результаты:Были выявлены большие различия в распределении показателей веса и роста как между исследуемыми регионами, так и между данными регионами и мировыми стандартами роста. Например, вес среднестатистического взрослого мужчины в Америкe составлял 68,1 кг — что на 6,0 кг больше веса мужчин в Юго-Восточной Азии и Западной части Тихого океана (в среднем 62,1 кг). Для взрослых женщин эта разница составляла более 10,4 кг: средний вес женщин равнялся 60,4 кг в Америкe и 50,0 кг в Юго-Восточной Азии и Западной части Тихого. Вывод:Были обнаружены существенные различия в кривых роста соотношения веса к возрасту между эндемичными по малярии районами. Полученные в ходе исследования таблицы справочных показателей роста могут быть использованы в качестве ориентировочных при проведении оптимизации на основе фактических данных схем дозирования противомалярийных и других лекарственных средств, часто назначаемых по возрасту.

authors

Hayes DJ,van Buuren S,ter Kuile FO,Stasinopoulos DM,Rigby RA,Terlouw DJ

doi

10.2471/BLT.14.139113

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-02-01 00:00:00

pages

74-83

issue

2

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.14.139113

journal_volume

93

pub_type

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    doi:

    authors: Craig GB

    更新日期:1963-01-01 00:00:00

  • A controlled field trial of the effectiveness of phenol and alcohol typhoid vaccines: Final report.

    abstract::In order to determine the effectiveness of anti-typhoid vaccines in man a controlled field trial, the first of its kind, was organized in 1954-60 in the town and district of Osijek, Yugoslavia. Heat-killed, phenol-preserved and alcohol-killed, alcohol-preserved anti-typhoid monovaccines were used, with phenolized dyse...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Yugoslav Typhoid Commission.

    更新日期:1962-01-01 00:00:00

  • Essential drugs for cancer chemotherapy: memorandum from a WHO meeting.

    abstract::Essential drugs for cancer chemotherapy were reviewed in a consultation convened by WHO in Geneva. General principles regarding the proper role of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in relation to other established treatment modalities and the classification of tumours with respect to curative potential are discussed. Cur...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors:

    更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • How important are airfreight rates and vaccine packaging in cost-saving efforts for the Expanded Programme on Immunization?

    abstract::Vaccines constitute the single most important cost factor in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Mozambique and in view of future new disease-control initiatives, the proportional expenditure on vaccines will only increase. Airfreight may contribute up to at least 25% of the total cost of delivered vaccine...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Schreuder B,Arentsen H,Matosse M

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • The efficacy of live influenza vaccines.

    abstract::Administration of live influenza vaccine produces an asymptomatic immunizing infection of the respiratory tract with the appearance of antibodies in the secretions of the respiratory passages.Because of natural variation in the antigenic and biological properties of the influenza virus, new vaccines must be developed ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Smorodincev AA

    更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00

  • Parasitic diseases and urban development.

    abstract::The distribution and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in both urban and periurban areas of endemic countries have been changing as development progresses. The following different scenarios involving Chagas disease, lymphatic filariasis, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis are discussed: (1) infected persons entering n...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Mott KE,Desjeux P,Moncayo A,Ranque P,de Raadt P

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of asexual blood-stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum recognized by antibody reagents from nine laboratories.

    abstract::Several laboratories have reported a large number of plasmodial antigens that may be implicated in the immune-mediated protection against the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to establish relationships between the antigens reported by different laboratories, a comparative testing of 37 antibody r...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Dayal R,Decrind C,Lambert PH

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • Determination of chloroquine and its metabolites in urine: a field method based on ion-pair extraction.

    abstract::A new straightforward photometric method for the assay of the antimalarial drug chloroquine and its metabolites in urine is described. The method involves an ion-pair extraction procedure with dichloromethane using the acid-base indicator bromthymol blue as counter-ion. The ion pair formed with chloroquine in the orga...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Bergqvist Y,Hed C,Funding L,Suther A

    更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00