Abstract：
:Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing health transition as increased globalization and accompanying urbanization are causing a double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Rates of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in Africa are the highest in the world. The impact of noncommunicable diseases is also increasing. For example, age-standardized mortality from cardiovascular disease may be up to three times higher in some African than in some European countries. As the entry point into the health service for most people, primary care plays a key role in delivering communicable disease prevention and care interventions. This role could be extended to focus on noncommunicable diseases as well, within the context of efforts to strengthen health systems by improving primary-care delivery. We put forward practical policy proposals to improve the primary-care response to the problems posed by health transition: (i) improving data on communicable and noncommunicable diseases; (ii) implementing a structured approach to the improved delivery of primary care; (iii) putting the spotlight on quality of clinical care; (iv) aligning the response to health transition with health system strengthening; and (v) capitalizing on a favourable global policy environment. Although these proposals are aimed at primary care in sub-Saharan Africa, they may well be relevant to other regions also facing the challenges of health transition. Implementing these proposals requires action by national and international alliances in mobilizing the necessary investments for improved health of people in developing countries in Africa undergoing health transition.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Maher D,Smeeth L,Sekajugo Jdoi
10.2471/BLT.10.077891subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-12-01 00:00:00pages
943-8issue
12eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Freeze-fracture studies were made on the parasite and the erythrocyte in P. knowlesi infections. There is a loss of transmembrane integral proteins from the plasma membrane of the schizont-infected erythrocyte and the intraerythrocytic parasite synthesizes new transmembrane proteins as development proceeds. Formation ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Haematological surveys of adult population samples were conducted simultaneously in 12 countries, all but one of which are in Europe. Haematological estimations on samples from nine of the countries were made in one central laboratory. Differences between countries in the mean levels of haemoglobin (and haematocrit an...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The idea that malaria in South-East Asia is synonymous with adult malaria is questioned in this paper. In the Lao People's Democratic Republic, community-based malariometric data were collected in Savannakhet Province, which shares borders with Viet Nam in the east and Thailand in the west. The data indicate that ende...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccines constitute the single most important cost factor in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Mozambique and in view of future new disease-control initiatives, the proportional expenditure on vaccines will only increase. Airfreight may contribute up to at least 25% of the total cost of delivered vaccine...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite major obstacles, activities to control sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were initiated in Haiti in 1992 in collaboration with local nongovernmental organizations. The approaches included review of available local data, assessment of STD case management practices and constraints, and development of specific...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The basic problem in the study of tick-borne virus diseases is to establish where the virus is maintained in nature. In general, this focus will be found where there are large and relatively stable populations of ticks, small rodents and insectivores. In the Tribec region the principal vector of tick-borne encephaliti...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current textbooks link influenza pandemics to influenza A virus subtypes H2 (1889-91), H3 (1990), H1 (1918-20), H2 (1957-58) and H3 (1968), a pattern suggesting subtype recycling in humans. Since H1 reappeared in 1977, whatever its origin, some workers feel that H2 is the next pandemic candidate. This report reviews t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intrinsic qualities of influenza virus particles may be studied at the biological level from two points of view:(1) The surface structures associated with adsorption to the surface of the susceptible cell and entry into its substance are regarded as essentially somatic in character. Infection is possible only when...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some recent physiological observations made in Afghanistan, Ceylon and Burma on adults of Anopheles culicifacies and A. aconitus are described. The specimens from Ceylon and Burma, in particular, showed a peculiar physiological process in which, at the beginning of the dry season, the coagulated, dark red, and almost ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1958-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health interventions vary substantially in the degree of effort required to implement them. To some extent this is apparent in their financial cost, but the nature and availability of non-financial resources is often of similar importance. In particular, human resource requirements are frequently a major constraint. W...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：/S0042-96862005000400013
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Statistics have been compiled to show the relation of the numbers of physicians, medical schools, and students to areas and populations throughout the world. Some of the figures are estimates and assumptions, and because of this the author repeatedly warns against tempting deductions and conclusions.This quantitative ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A double-blind, randomized phase I clinical trial was carried out to compare mefloquine with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for safety and tolerance. Twenty adult male Brazilian subjects from areas endemic for malaria were studied for a period of 66 days, which included 2 days of basal studies and a 63-day follow-up after ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether vaccination against measles in a population with sustained high vaccination coverage and relatively low child mortality reduces overall child mortality. METHODS:In April and May 2000, a population-based, case-control study was conducted at Ballabgarh (an area in rural northern India). El...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several thousand Glossina pallidipes flies were dissected to determine trypanosome infection rates in the Lambwe Valley and to collect information on the hosts of this tsetse. A total of 1 450 (19.3%) flies had mature trypanosome infections but the rate varied between 9.6% and 30.9% in the Lambwe Valley. In the Roo Va...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The occurrence of three deaths and substantial morbidity among members of a "package tour" who stayed at the same hotel in Benidorm, Spain, during the summer of 1973 provided an opportunity to study the experiences of persons undertaking this type of holiday and some of the factors that might affect their health. Of 2...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The association between oral leukoplakia and possible etiological factors in patients at a Bombay hospital was analysed by a new multivariate computer analysis based on information theory. It was found that the most important etiological factors were bidi smoking and age. The well known sex-leukoplakia relationship wa...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Now that the global eradication of wild poliovirus is almost within sight, planning for the post-certification era is becoming a priority issue. It is agreed that a stockpile of appropriate polio vaccines will need to be established, and a surveillance and response capacity will need to be maintained, in order to prot...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hospital- and community-based studies were conducted in central Sudan to investigate the association between pesticide exposure and perinatal mortality. The cases were 197 stillbirths in the hospital and 36 perinatal deaths in the community; the controls were 812 liveborn, normal-birth-weight infants in the hospital, ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is considerable exigency to take all necessary steps to cure tuberculosis cases and prevent further emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The most important of these steps is to ensure that the treatment, particularly of sputum smear-positive cases, is adequate and that patients adhere to their treatment by ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves distributing resources, especially human resources for health (HRH), to match population needs. This paper explores the policy lessons on HRH from four countries that have achieved sustained improvements in UHC: Brazil, Ghana, Mexico and Thailand. Its purpose is to in...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.118729
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is widespread agreement that both the configuration and the application of state authority in the health sector should be realigned in the interest of achieving agreed policy objectives. The desired outcome is frequently characterized as a search for good governance serving the public interest. The present paper...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are currently reforming their national health sectors and also implementing a comprehensive approach to reproductive health care. Three regional workshops to explore how health sector reform could improve reproductive health services have revealed the inherently ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-five strains of poliomyelitis virus isolated from paralytic cases in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany were classified either by testing resistance of immunized monkeys, or by neutralization. Seventeen strains (68%) were classified as type 1, 7 (28%) as type 2, and 1 (4%) as type 3. Strains of type 2 are pr...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To improve the use and dosage of antibiotics prescribed at Commune Health Stations in Viet Nam, and in so doing find out whether antibiotic dosage can be easily and reliably measured as a drug-use indicator. METHODS:All commune health workers from the 217 commune health stations in Hai Phong Province, Viet N...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The findings in a highly selected group of patients, such as those attending clinics or sanatoria, cannot be used as the basis for assessing the true prevalence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with acquired or primary resistance or of sensitive strains in a community. The present report describes the prevalen...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Problem:Slovenia's model of primary health care relied on reactive, episodic care and was ill-equipped to address the country's burden of disease dominated by noncommunicable diseases. Approach:The government has developed a multidisciplinary, community-based, prevention-oriented service delivery model for primary hea...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.239616
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The frequency of radiological examinations in a country is an important indicator of the general scope of such services in that setting. Frequency data obtained from surveys provide health planners with valuable information that can form an objective basis for resource allocation. Also, from the point of view of radia...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Field trials of various molluscicides-notably sodium pentachlorophenate, copper sulfate and dinitro-o-cyclohexylphenol-were carried out in Brazil in order to test their effectiveness against the aquatic intermediate hosts of human bilharziasis. Sodium pentachlorophenate was found to be the most effective in relation t...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1958-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To assess cash transfer interventions for improving treatment outcomes of active pulmonary tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. Methods:We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published until 4 August 2017 that reported on cash transfer interventions dur...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.208959
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper deals with the medico-legal aspects of death certification, the inadequate attention accorded to these aspects in most of the present death certificate forms, and the consequences resulting from this circumstance. A description is also given of the revision of the national system of medical certification of...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1960-01-01 00:00:00
