Abstract:
:Light-traps have been used successfully as mechanical sampling tools for insects of agricultural importance but medical entomologists have had only limited success because of the assumption that light-traps would attract vectors, even when sited in open fields well away from hosts. The investigations reported in this paper suggest that vectors are attracted primarily by their hosts and that only when light-traps are placed in the immediate vicinity of hosts, or in the narrow flight paths followed by host-seeking females, are appreciable numbers caught.When the CDC miniature light-trap was placed at various distances from hosts, the number of anopheline and culicine species captured decreased as the distance from the host increased. There were statistically significant differences between the means of catches in light-traps suspended on or in human dwellings, placed inside village compounds, and placed near the breeding site about 1.6 km from the nearest house. The maximum catch of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and culicines exceeded 3000 and 7000 per trap per night, respectively, and the average was in excess of 1200 A. gambiae s.l.The investigations showed that 6 anopheline species could be caught in appreciable numbers in human dwellings and thus demonstrated that light-traps could be used for sampling both endophilic and exophilic anophelines. It also appears that the effective range of the CDC miniature light-trap is about 5 m.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Odetoyinbo JAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1969-04-01 00:00:00pages
547-60issue
4eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability globally. In 2018, an international working group called on the World Health Organization to increase attention on the burden of low back pain and the need to avoid excessively medical solutions. Indeed, major international clinical guidelines now recog...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.18.226050
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Termination of early pregnancy by vacuum aspiration is a well-established technique. The procedure is highly effective and has a low complication rate, particularly when performed during the first few weeks after missed menses. However, this parasurgical method requires skilled health care personnel, and attempts have...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine paediatric blood sample volume limits that are consistent with physiological "minimal risk." METHODS:A literature review was performed to search for evidence concerning the adverse effects of blood sampling in children and for guidelines on sampling volume in paediatric research. The search incl...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.10.080010
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between the period elapsed since weaning and the risk of shigellosis was assessed between 1 November 1987 and 30 November 1989 for a cohort of 1085 Bangladeshi children aged < 3 years. The children were followed for 1 month after exposure to Shigella spp. in their residential neighbourhoods, and the 26...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Catchy music spots and engaging storylines can help to convey important public health messages, but do they improve our health? Gary Humphreys and Fiona Fleck report. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.2471/BLT.15.020715
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of violence against mothers on mortality risks for their offspring before 5 years of age in Nicaragua. METHODS:From a demographic database covering a random sample of urban and rural households in Le n, Nicaragua, we identified all live births among women aged 15-49 years. Cases wer...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe mortality from neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Brazil, 2000-2011. METHODS:We extracted information on cause of death, age, sex, ethnicity and place of residence from the nationwide mortality information system at the Brazilian Ministry of Health. We selected deaths in which the underlying c...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.15.152363
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a controlled study, it has been shown that the prior administration of cholera vaccine had no beneficial effect on the clinical course of cholera as measured by either the condition of the patient on admission to hospital or the subsequent course of the disease. In fact, the disease was, if anything, more severe in...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This account of the conduct of the Similium Control Scheme at Abuja, Northern Nigeria, over the period 1956-66 shows that, by larvicide treatment of some 160 km of rivers with DDT in the early wet season, the Simulium damnosum density has been reduced by about 90% of its precontrol level each year over an area of more...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In laboratory experiments sterile males produced by crossing member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex competed very successfully with normal males for normal females and the latter when mated with sterile males laid sterile eggs.A field trial was arranged in a small isolated village near Bobo-Dioulasso, Upper V...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was made on the effect of undernutrition on the immunological responses of mice to TAB and BCG vaccines. The mice were fed a diet comprising chapati and germinated grams; one group was fed ad libitum while another was given half the quantity consumed by the first group. The undernourished mice showed a poor im...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood samples from 58 leprosy patients were tested by the MK1R and VDRL slide tests, the latter being performed on normally inactivated sera and on the same sera heated for 5 minutes at 65 degrees C. The MK1R test showed fewer false positive reactions than the VDRL test on normally inactivated sera. The VDRL test on t...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1953-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reported are the results of a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial of annual ivermectin dosing in 34 rural communities, Kaduna State, northern Nigeria, where guinea savanna onchocerciasis is mesoendemic. A total of 939 individuals underwent Friedmann field analysis at the first examination and saw at le...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::About 30 million people in Africa are estimated to be living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), yet data about the natural history of infection on the continent are sparse. We reviewed the literature on the natural history of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections among African adult...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies were conducted each month for one year to determine the cercarial-incubation periods of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis in Bulinus truncatus for different months of infection. The snails were kept in outdoor aquaria in order to simulate the natural temperature conditions in the endemic bilharzias...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inherited resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides was discovered in populations of Rattus norvegicus about 14 years ago. Similar resistance has now been reported from several countries in north-western Europe and from the USA. In order to detect resistance and to control it effectively, basic data on the susceptibili...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A batch of highly purified streptomycin sulfate has been examined by nine laboratories in six different countries and has been assayed against the First International Standard for Streptomycin. The material examined has been established as the Second International Standard for Streptomycin, and the International Unit ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test whether relations between economic development, economic inequality, and child and youth homicide rates are sex- and age-specific, and whether a country's wealth modifies the impact of economic inequality on homicide rates. METHODS:Outcome variables were homicide rates around 1994 in males and female...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reported is the assessment of a model to evaluate the efficacy of public health programmes, using the example of the Chagas Disease Control Programme in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The reduction in Trypanosoma cruzi infection rates in areas where interventions had been carried out for 5 years and 10 years, resp...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sustainable control of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is jeopardized by dwindling public health resources resulting from competing health priorities that include an overwhelming acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. In Mpumalanga province, South Africa, rational planning has historically been ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A technique is described whereby it is possible to make an accurate determination of the physiological age of anopheline females, i.e., the number of gonotrophic cycles through which the female has passed. This technique is based on counts of the dilatations left in the ovarioles subsequent to each maturation of folli...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The reaction that occurs on direct radioelectrocomplexing (REC) between hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab) and (125)I-labelled HB Ag can be inhibited by unlabelled HB Ag. Inhibition of REC provides a rapid, sensitive method for the detection of HB Ag. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine infant feeding intentions of HIV-infected and uninfected women and the appropriateness of their choices according to their home resources; and to determine their adherence to their intentions in the first postnatal week. METHODS:Feeding intentions of pregnant women were compared against four resou...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.06.032441
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in low- and middle-income countries and identify factors associated with successful outcomes. METHODS:We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of HCV treatment programmes in low- and middle-income countries. T...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2471/BLT.11.097147
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The isolation of West Nile virus from the brain tissue of three children who died of encephalitis in Mysore and Kolar districts of Karnataka State, India, is reported. This is the first such report from India. The significance of these isolations with reference to the role of West Nile virus in encephalitis in childre...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro studies on primaquine have been carried out to examine its ability to stimulate the oxidative pathway of glucose metabolism in human erythrocytes and in vivo studies were carried out after ingestion of the drug to determine plasma levels and to investigate the formation of metabolites and the effects of the d...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smallpox vaccinations were performed in a well-vaccinated prison population by multiple-pressure technique and by intradermal jet injection using serial dilutions of vaccine. A total of 140 subjects were divided into groups, and each group was vaccinated by the multiple-pressure technique or by jet injection using 1 o...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This Memorandum summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology of cholera and diarrhoea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and outlines the results of recent research to develop an effective oral vaccine against cholera. The meeting reviewed current research on the protective antigens of ETEC and made a ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of BCG vaccine in preventing the clinical manifestations of leprosy in a tuberculosis-free area of Papua New Guinea is reported. Between 1963 and 1966 a total of 5356 subjects, randomized to receive BCG or saline inoculations, were examined for leprosy before the vaccination and surveillance was continued...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic different approaches can be distinguished, reflecting professional backgrounds, world views and political interests. One important distinction is between the biomedical and the development paradigms. The biomedical paradigm is characterized by individualization and the concep...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00