Care for low back pain: can health systems deliver?

Abstract:

:Low back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability globally. In 2018, an international working group called on the World Health Organization to increase attention on the burden of low back pain and the need to avoid excessively medical solutions. Indeed, major international clinical guidelines now recognize that many people with low back pain require little or no formal treatment. Where treatment is required the recommended approach is to discourage use of pain medication, steroid injections and spinal surgery, and instead promote physical and psychological therapies. Many health systems are not designed to support this approach. In this paper we discuss why care for low back pain that is concordant with guidelines requires system-wide changes. We detail the key challenges of low back pain care within health systems. These include the financial interests of pharmaceutical and other companies; outdated payment systems that favour medical care over patients' self-management; and deep-rooted medical traditions and beliefs about care for back pain among physicians and the public. We give international examples of promising solutions and policies and practices for health systems facing an increasing burden of ineffective care for low back pain. We suggest policies that, by shifting resources from unnecessary care to guideline-concordant care for low back pain, could be cost-neutral and have widespread impact. Small adjustments to health policy will not work in isolation, however. Workplace systems, legal frameworks, personal beliefs, politics and the overall societal context in which we experience health, will also need to change. :Les lombalgies sont la principale cause d'années de vie vécues avec une incapacité dans le monde. En 2018, un groupe de travail international a invité l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé à attirer l'attention sur la charge que représentent les lombalgies et sur la nécessité d'éviter le recours excessif aux solutions médicales. En effet, selon les dernières recommandations cliniques internationales, de nombreux cas de lombalgie ne nécessitent pas ou peu de traitement formel. Lorsqu'un traitement est requis, il est recommandé de limiter la prise d'analgésiques, les injections de stéroïdes et la chirurgie rachidienne, et d'encourager plutôt les thérapeutiques physiques et psychologiques. Très souvent, les systèmes de santé ne sont pas conçus pour appliquer cette approche. Dans cet article, nous abordons les raisons pour lesquelles un changement des systèmes s'impose si l'on veut prendre en charge les lombalgies suivant les recommandations. Nous détaillons les principales difficultés de la prise en charge des lombalgies dans le cadre des systèmes de santé. Il s'agit notamment des intérêts financiers des laboratoires pharmaceutiques, entre autres; des systèmes de paiement obsolètes qui privilégient la prise en charge médicale à l'autogestion par les patients; et de croyances et traditions médicales profondément ancrées parmi les médecins et la population. Nous donnons des exemples internationaux de solutions, de politiques et de pratiques prometteuses pour les systèmes de santé confrontés de plus en plus souvent à une prise en charge inefficace des lombalgies. Nous suggérons des politiques qui, sans incidence sur les coûts, en transférant les ressources allouées aux soins inutiles vers des soins conformes aux recommandations, pourraient avoir un impact considérable. De petits ajustements des politiques de santé ne suffiront cependant pas. Les systèmes des milieux professionnels, les cadres juridiques, les croyances personnelles, les politiques et le contexte sociétal global dans lequel s'inscrit la santé devront également changer. :El dolor lumbar es la causa principal de vivir con discapacidad durante años en todo el mundo. En 2018, un grupo de trabajo internacional pidió a la Organización Mundial de la Salud que prestara más atención a la carga del dolor lumbar y a la necesidad de evitar soluciones excesivamente médicas. De hecho, las principales directrices clínicas internacionales reconocen ahora que muchas personas con dolor lumbar requieren poco o ningún tratamiento formal. Cuando se requiere tratamiento, el enfoque recomendado es desalentar el uso de analgésicos, inyecciones de esteroides y cirugía de la columna vertebral y, en su lugar, promover las terapias físicas y psicológicas. Muchos sistemas de salud no están diseñados para apoyar este enfoque. En este documento, se expone por qué el cuidado del dolor lumbar de acuerdo con las directrices requiere cambios en todo el sistema. Se detallan los retos clave de la atención del dolor lumbar en los sistemas de salud. Estos incluyen los intereses financieros de las compañías farmacéuticas y de otro tipo, los sistemas de pago obsoletos que favorecen la atención médica por encima del autocuidado de los pacientes, así como las tradiciones y las creencias médicas profundamente arraigadas sobre la atención del dolor de espalda entre los médicos y el público general. Se presentan ejemplos internacionales de soluciones prometedoras y de políticas y prácticas para los sistemas de salud que se enfrentan a una carga cada vez mayor de la atención ineficaz para el dolor lumbar. Se sugieren políticas que, al desplazar los recursos de la atención innecesaria a la atención acorde con las directrices para el dolor lumbar, podrían ser neutras en cuanto a costes y tener un impacto generalizado. Sin embargo, los pequeños ajustes en la política sanitaria no funcionarán de forma aislada. Los sistemas del lugar de trabajo, los marcos jurídicos, las creencias personales, la política y el contexto social general en el que vivimos la salud también tendrán que cambiar. :آلام أسفل الظهر هي السبب الرئيسي على مستوى العالم لقضاء سنوات من الحياة في ظل الإعاقة. في عام 2018، طالبت مجموعة عمل دولية منظمة الصحة العالمية بزيادة الاهتمام بأعباء آلام أسفل الظهر، والحاجة إلى تجنب المحاليل الطبية بشكل مفرط. والواقع أن المبادئ التوجيهية السريرية الدولية الرئيسية الحالية تدرك أن العديد من الأشخاص الذين يعانون من آلام أسفل الظهر يحتاجون إلى القليل من العلاج الرسمي، أو لا يحتاجون إليه. عندما يكون العلاج مطلوبًا، فإن الأسلوب الموصى به هو الابتعاد عن استخدام دواء للألم، وحقن الستيرويد، وجراحة العمود الفقري. وبدلا من ذلك يتم الترويج للعلاجات البدنية والنفسية. إلا أن العديد من النظم الصحية ليست مصممة لدعم هذا الأسلوب. نناقش في هذا البحث لماذا تتطلب رعاية آلام أسفل الظهر المتوافقة مع الإرشادات، تغييرات في النظام بالكامل. نحن نتناول بالتفصيل التحديات الرئيسية للعناية بآلام أسفل الظهر في النظم الصحية. وهي تشمل المصالح المالية لشركات الأدوية وغيرها من الشركات؛ مثل أنظمة الدفع القديمة التي تفضل الرعاية الطبية على الإدارة الذاتية للمرضى؛ والتقاليد والمعتقدات الطبية الراسخة بشأن رعاية آلام الظهر بين الأطباء والعامة. نحن نعطي أمثلة دولية للحلول والسياسات والممارسات الواعدة للنظم الصحية التي تواجه عبئاً متزايدا من الرعاية غير الفعالة لآلام أسفل الظهر. كما نقترح سياسات يمكنها - من خلال تحويل الموارد من الرعاية غير الضرورية إلى الرعاية المتوافقة مع المبادئ التوجيهية لآلام أسفل الظهر - أن تكون محايدة من حيث التكلفة ولها تأثير واسع الانتشار. إلا أن عمليات الضبط البسيطة في السياسة الصحية لن تعمل بمفردها. حيث سيحتاج أيضاً للتغيير كل من أنظمة مكان العمل، وأطر العمل القانونية، والمعتقدات الشخصية، والسياسات، والطابع المجتمعي العام الذي نواجهه في الصحة. :腰痛是与全球残疾人士相伴数年的一项主要病因。2018 年,某国际工作小组呼吁世卫组织加强对腰痛负担的关注,并尽力避免过度医疗。事实上,主要国际临床指南现已认可腰痛患者只需极少治疗或无需正式治疗。使用止痛药、注射类固醇和进行腰椎手术并非值得鼓励的推荐疗法,相应地,患者应改善生理和心理状态。但许多卫生系统并非为支持此疗法设计。在本文中,我们讨论了符合指南的腰痛护理为何需要进行系统性变革,并详述了卫生系统中腰痛护理的关键挑战,包括制药公司与其它公司的经济利益;过时的医疗保险偿付系统更倾向于让患者接受医疗服务而非自我管理;以及医生与公众对腰背痛护理的医疗传统和信仰早已根深蒂固。我们为因腰痛护理无效而面临沉重负担的卫生系统提供了一些国际案例,包含颇有前景的解决方案、政策和实践。我们建议施行成本适中、有广泛影响的政策,将不必要的护理资源转换成符合指南的腰痛护理。然而,卫生政策方面的微小调整无法单独起作用,这同时也需要工作场所制度、法律框架、个人信仰、政治以及我们所期望的卫生系统整体社会环境的相应改变。. :Боль в поясничной области является основной причиной многолетней инвалидности во всем мире. В 2018 году международная рабочая группа призвала Всемирную организацию здравоохранения уделять больше внимания бремени боли в поясничной области и необходимости исключения чрезмерного медицинского вмешательства. В связи с этим основные международные клинические рекомендации на настоящий момент признают, что большинству пациентов с болями в поясничной области практически не требуется формального лечения. В случае если лечение необходимо, рекомендуемый подход не советует использовать обезболивающие препараты, инъекции стероидов и операции на позвоночнике, предлагая вместо этого активно использовать физическую терапию и психотерапию. Многие системы здравоохранения не в состоянии поддерживать данный подход. В этой статье авторы обсуждают причины, по которым рекомендуемая медицинская помощь при боли в поясничной области требует реформирования всей системы здравоохранения. Авторы подробно описывают основные проблемы лечения боли в поясничной области в рамках различных систем здравоохранения. Среди них следует отметить финансовые интересы фармацевтических и других компаний; устаревшие платежные системы, делающие упор на оказание медицинской помощи вместо обучения пациента методам самопомощи; глубоко укоренившиеся традиции и убеждения у врачей и широкой общественности относительно медицинской помощи при боли в поясничной области. Авторы приводят примеры возможных международных решений, а также политики и практические подходы для систем здравоохранения, сталкивающихся с растущим бременем неэффективной помощи при боли в поясничной области. В статье предлагаются процедуры и методики, которые могут не требовать дополнительных расходов и иметь широкомасштабное воздействие благодаря переключению ресурсов с оказания ненужной медицинской помощи на согласующуюся с рекомендациями помощь при боли в поясничной области. Однако небольшие корректировки политики в области здравоохранения не будут эффективными, если они будут проводиться изолированно друг от друга. Необходимо также преобразование систем на рабочих местах, правовых основ, личных убеждений, политик и общественного контекста, связанных со здравоохранением.

authors

Traeger AC,Buchbinder R,Elshaug AG,Croft PR,Maher CG

doi

10.2471/BLT.18.226050

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-06-01 00:00:00

pages

423-433

issue

6

eissn

0042-9686

issn

1564-0604

pii

BLT.18.226050

journal_volume

97

pub_type

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    authors: Cobas RA,Ferraz MB,Matheus AS,Tannus LR,Negrato CA,Antonio de Araujo L,Dib SA,Gomes MB,Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group.

    更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00

  • Antibodies to influenza viruses (including the human A2-Asian-57 strain) in sera from Australian shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus).

    abstract::Sera were collected from 320 shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus) nesting on two islands off the east coast of northern Australia in December 1969. About 10% of these sera specifically inhibited the neuraminidase of the 1957 strain of human influenza (A2/Asian/57), some to high titre.The neuraminidase of A2...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Dasen CA,Laver WG

    更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00

  • A seven-year study of WHO virus laboratory reports on respiratory viruses.

    abstract::In 1963 the World Health Organization established a system for the collection and distribution of information on viruses. By 1973 laboratories in 45 countries were participating in this scheme. The present study is an analysis of the reports on adenovirus, influenza viruses A, B, and C, parainfluenza virus, respirator...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Assaad F,Cockburn WC

    更新日期:1974-01-01 00:00:00

  • Antiserum in the prophylaxis of rabies.

    abstract::This paper reviews recent experimental evidence in support of inoculation with antirabies serum, the value of which, as a prophylactic measure, is compared with that of vaccine treatment alone. The author concludes that the chief advantages of combined antiserum-vaccine prophylaxis lie in the rapid treatment of cases ...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: HABEL K

    更新日期:1954-01-01 00:00:00

  • Host-parasite relationship of Bulinus truncatus and Schistosoma haematobium in Iran. 4. Effect of month of infection on cercarial-incubation periods of S. haematobium and S. bovis.

    abstract::Studies were conducted each month for one year to determine the cercarial-incubation periods of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis in Bulinus truncatus for different months of infection. The snails were kept in outdoor aquaria in order to simulate the natural temperature conditions in the endemic bilharzias...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Chu KY,Massoud J,Sabbaghian H

    更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00

  • Essential drugs for cancer chemotherapy: memorandum from a WHO meeting.

    abstract::Essential drugs for cancer chemotherapy were reviewed in a consultation convened by WHO in Geneva. General principles regarding the proper role of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in relation to other established treatment modalities and the classification of tumours with respect to curative potential are discussed. Cur...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors:

    更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00

  • Testing of Plasmodium vivax CS proteins in Saimiri monkeys.

    abstract::Recombinant proteins directed against the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium vivax were tested for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys. The monkeys were immunized 3 times with either alum or muramyl tripeptide as adjuvant, and were challenged with 10,000 sporozoites (P...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Collins WE

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • Contraception in adolescence: a review. 2. Biomedical aspects.

    abstract::Although none of the currently available methods of contraception can be considered ideal for use by adolescents, many come reasonably close. The present article reviews the relative benefits and risks associated with each method. Oral contraceptives (OCs) appear to bear few specific risks for adolescents. Pills co...

    journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Hofmann AD

    更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00