Abstract：
:Division of Brucella strains into three species has long been based on differences in growth characteristics on certain dye-agar media and on variations in H(2)S production on liver agar slants. But certain workers believe these differences to be merely quantitative, such as are found between varieties of one species. Moreover, certain strains show characteristics that do not allow them to be classified with certainty in any one of the three species. If all characteristics of one "species" could be changed in the laboratory so as no longer to be capable of differentiation from those of another, that might be proof that all Brucella strains are in fact varieties of a single species.The study reported in this paper represents an attempt to determine whether the biochemical and antigenic characteristics used to identify Brucella species can be changed by laboratory procedures exclusive of animal inoculation, and whether, if such changes occur, they are of a nature to substantiate the hypothesis that mutations occur in Brucella cells and that one species can be changed into another.The results do not provide evidence to confirm the mutation hypothesis. Although cells of the different species could be adapted to grow on media which ordinarily inhibit their growth, it is considered questionable whether the change can be taken as a mutation. Alterations in the activity of only one enzyme system were demonstrated in cells of certain colonies of particular strains of Br. abortus, Br. melitensis and Br. suis. The enzyme is one that decomposes a sulfur-containing compound into H(2)S and is found in most peptones and animal tissue extracts. The other biochemical and antigenic properties studied showed no measurable changes.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
HUDDLESON IFsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1961-01-01 00:00:00pages
91-102eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The deposit or precipitate formed after storage at -20 degrees C of allantoic fluids infected with influenza virus contains a considerable amount of the virus. It has been found that by treatment of this material, after thawing, with sodium chloride and subsequent purification of the treated fluid, all the virus origi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the applicability of lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) for the rapid assessment of the prevalence of active trachoma. METHODS:Prevalence of active trachoma in six communities was found by examining all children aged 2-5 years. Trial surveys were conducted in these communities. A sampling plan app...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer in Bombay has decreased over the last 20 years, whereas over the same period that of breast cancer increased slightly. Studies indicate that the incidence of cervical cancer is lower in successively later-born cohorts, but no cohort effect has been observed for breast...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To analyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of people attending physical rehabilitation centres run or supported by the International Committee of the Red Cross in countries and territories affected by conflict. Methods:Of 150 such rehabilitation centres worldwide, 38 use an electronic patient ma...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.249060
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Problem:If universal health coverage (UHC) is to be achieved globally, it needs sustained promotion and political awareness and support. Approach:During its presidency of the Group of Seven (G7) industrialized nations in 2016, Japan aimed to raise the issue of UHC to the top of the global health agenda. Local setting...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.17.200402
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To evaluate the changes in sugar and energy labelling of carbonated sugar-sweetened soft drinks after the implementation of a tax on sugar-sweetened drinks in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Methods:We visited nine main supermarkets before (May 2014) and after (April 2018) the tax c...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.234542
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiological studies of the cardiovascular characteristics of three typically rural communities in the Gambia, Jamaica, and the United Republic of Tanzania were carried out by means of standardized methodology. This paper reports comparisons of arterial blood pressure distribution and electrocardiographic findings ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a complex community intervention in rural Zambia improved understanding of maternal health and increased use of maternal health-care services. METHODS:The intervention took place in six rural districts selected by the Zambian Ministry of Health. It involved community discussions on safe ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.122721
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To assess cash transfer interventions for improving treatment outcomes of active pulmonary tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries. Methods:We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published until 4 August 2017 that reported on cash transfer interventions dur...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.208959
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper examines two innovative educational initiatives for the Ecuadorian public health workforce: a Canadian-funded Masters programme in ecosystem approaches to health that focuses on building capacity to manage environmental health risks sustainably; and the training of Ecuadorians at the Latin American School o...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.07.045393
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigators using questionnaires are usually confronted with an enormous number of different responses whose significance with respect to a particular characteristic is not immediately clear. This paper presents a simple computational technique for determining the relative merits of each question and a score for eac...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marion Koopmans tells Fiona Fleck why the world needs a publicly-funded network of hubs in all regions with local experts able to respond to infectious disease threats as they emerge. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 传,历史文章,新闻
doi：10.2471/BLT.18.030218
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health care reform in Europe is discussed in the light of the Ljubljana Charter, with particular reference to progress made in Estonia and Lithuania. ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative data are presented on the viability of El Tor vibrios in various foodstuffs under different conditions. El Tor vibrios were found to have a very short life in water at -20 degrees C, but in various nutrient media, such as skim milk, sugar solution or meat extract, they could live for more than a month at ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnitude of the malaria problem in tropical Africa has been a deterrent to a large-scale control effort as long as the aim was conceived to be only a reduction in transmission. The focus on local priorities brought about by the primary health care approach has resulted in the formulation of a strategy of malaria ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the proportion of participants in clinical trials who understand different components of informed consent. METHODS:Relevant studies were identified by a systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar and by manually reviewing reference lists for publications up to October 2013. A meta-ana...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.14.141390
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The duration of immunity conferred by yellow fever vaccine is as yet undetermined. In this study the neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to yellow fever were investigated in 108 persons living in Pouso Alegre, Brazil, where yellow fever has never been reported. These persons had been vaccinated wi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1962-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Technological advances in big data (large amounts of highly varied data from many different sources that may be processed rapidly), data sciences and artificial intelligence can improve health-system functions and promote personalized care and public good. However, these technologies will not replace the fundamental c...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.19.234732
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess maternal and neonatal health services in 49 developing countries. METHODS:The services were rated on a scale of 0 to 100 by 10 - 25 experts in each country. The ratings covered emergency and routine services, including family planning, at health centres and district hospitals, access to these servi...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether vaccination against measles in a population with sustained high vaccination coverage and relatively low child mortality reduces overall child mortality. METHODS:In April and May 2000, a population-based, case-control study was conducted at Ballabgarh (an area in rural northern India). El...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in eastern Europe. Since 1990, the incidence rates of TB have continued to increase in Belarus, the Russian Federation, the Ukraine and the central Asian republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Eastern Europe, and in particular the Russian Fede...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2471/blt.06.034991
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper generates and analyses survey data on inequalities in mortality among infants and children aged under five years by consumption in Brazil, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nepal, Nicaragua, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Africa, and Viet Nam. The data were obtained from the Living Standards Measurement Study and the...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate out-of-pocket costs and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in people admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndromes in Asia. METHODS:Participants were enrolled between June 2011 and May 2012 into this observational study in China, India, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Singapore, T...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.15.158303
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At present there is no reliable test for use under field conditions for assessing cure in schistosomal infections. It had previously been found that in such infections the excretion of beta-glucuronidase in the urine is increased, but a test based on this fact would be impracticable in the field because of the need to...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pulse oximetry--compared with no peri-operative monitoring--during surgery in low-income countries. METHODS:We considered the use of tabletop and portable, hand-held pulse oximeters among patients of any age undergoing major surgery in low-income countries. From earlier ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2471/BLT.14.137315
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A test for monkeypox-specific antibodies is described. Monkeypox immune sera can be made type-specific by immunoabsorption with heterotypic poxvirus extracts. Monkeypox-specific antibodies were demonstrated in sera from 9 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that had previously been experimentally infected with mo...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have shown that treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with isoniazid plus p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) at home is, in the majority of cases, as satisfactory as treatment with the same combination of drugs in sanatorium and does not appear to expose the patient's contacts to any special risk. Before mass do...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1960-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The history of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) research is reviewed from the point of view of whether the main discoveries concerning LCM pathogenesis have stemmed from animal or in vitro research methods. Most of the results initially stemmed from animal experiments, but in recent years recourse has increasingly b...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse national data on asbestos use and related diseases in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). METHODS:For each of the 53 countries, per capita asbestos use (kg/capita/year) and age-adjusted mortality rates (deaths/million persons/year) due to mesothelioma and asbestosis were ca...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/BLT.13.132118
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual patient care and programme evaluation are pivotal for the success of antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited countries. While computer-aided documentation and data storage are indispensable for any large programme, several important issues need to be addressed including which data are to be ...
journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2471/blt.04.019307
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
