Abstract:
Objective:To analyse the demographic and clinical characteristics of people attending physical rehabilitation centres run or supported by the International Committee of the Red Cross in countries and territories affected by conflict. Methods:Of 150 such rehabilitation centres worldwide, 38 use an electronic patient management system. We invited all 38 centres to participate. We extracted de-identified data from 1988 to 2018 and categorized them by sex, age, country or territory and reason for using rehabilitation services. Findings:Thirty-one of the 38 rehabilitation centres in 14 countries and territories participated. We included data for 287 274 individuals. Of people using rehabilitation services, 61.6% (176 949/287 274) were in Afghanistan, followed by 15.7% (44 959/287 274) in Cambodia. Seven places had over 9000 service users each (Afghanistan, Cambodia, Gaza Strip, Iraq, Myanmar, Somalia and Sudan). Overall, 72.6% (208 515/287 274) of service users were male. In eight countries, more than half of the users were of working age (18-59 years). Amputation was the most common reason for using rehabilitation services; 33.3% (95 574/287 274) of users were people with amputations, followed by 13.7% (39 446/287 274) with cerebral palsy. The male predominance was greater in the population aged 18-34 years (83.1%; 71 441/85 997) and in people with amputations (88.6%; 84 717/95 574) but was evident across all places, age groups and health conditions. Conclusion:The considerably lower attendance of females at the rehabilitation centres highlights the need to understand the factors that affect the accessibility and acceptability of rehabilitation for women and girls in conflict settings. Objectif:Analyser les caractéristiques démographiques et cliniques des personnes qui fréquentent des centres de réadaptation physique gérés ou soutenus par le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge dans des pays et territoires touchés par des conflits. Méthodes:Trente-huit des 150 centres de réadaptation dans le monde utilisent un système de gestion électronique des patients. Nous les avons invités à participer. Nous avons prélevé des données dépersonnalisées issues d'une période comprise entre 1988 et 2018, puis nous les avons classées en fonction du sexe, de l'âge, du pays ou territoire, et du motif de recours aux services de réadaptation. Résultats:Sur les 38 centres de réadaptation, 31 centres répartis dans 14 pays ont participé. Nous avons inclus les données provenant de 287 274 individus. Parmi les personnes qui font appel à des services de réadaptation, 61,6% (176 949/287 274) résidaient en Afghanistan, et 15,7% (44 959/287 274) au Cambodge. Sept centres dénombraient plus de 9000 usagers chacun (Afghanistan, Bande de Gaza, Cambodge, Irak, Myanmar, Somalie et Soudan). Au total, 72,6% (208 515/287 274) des usagers de tels services étaient des hommes. Dans huit pays, plus de la moitié des usagers étaient en âge de travailler (18–59 ans). L'amputation était le motif le plus courant pour le recours aux services de réadaptation; 33,3% (95 574/287 274) des usagers avaient été amputés, suivis de 13,7% (39 446/287 274) souffrant de paralysie cérébrale. La prédominance masculine était surtout importante dans la tranche d'âge des 18–34 ans (83,1%; 71 441/85 997) et chez les personnes amputées (88,6%; 84 717/95 574), mais la tendance était manifeste quel que soit le lieu, l'âge et l'état de santé. Conclusion:La fréquentation féminine nettement plus faible observée dans les centres de réadaptation met en relief la nécessité d'identifier les facteurs qui affectent l'accessibilité et l'acceptation d'une réadaptation pour les femmes et filles en situation de conflit. Objetivo:Analizar las características demográficas y clínicas de las personas que asisten a los centros de rehabilitación física que el Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja dirige o apoya en los países y territorios afectados por los conflictos. Métodos:De los 150 centros de rehabilitación similares que existen en todo el mundo, 38 aplican un sistema electrónico de gestión de pacientes. Se invitó a los 38 centros a participar. Se obtuvieron datos no identificados de 1988 a 2018 y se clasificaron por sexo, edad, país o territorio y motivo del uso de los servicios de rehabilitación. Resultados:Participaron 31 de los 38 centros de rehabilitación de 14 países y territorios. Se incluyeron datos de 287 274 personas. De las personas que usaron los servicios de rehabilitación, el 61,6 % (176 949/287 274) estaban en Afganistán, seguido por el 15,7 % (44 959/287 274) en Camboya. En siete lugares había más de 9000 usuarios de servicios cada uno (Afganistán, Camboya, Iraq, la Franja de Gaza, Myanmar, Somalia y Sudán). En total, el 72,6 % (208 515/287 274) de los usuarios del servicio eran hombres. En ocho países, más de la mitad de los usuarios estaban en edad de trabajar (18 a 59 años). La amputación fue la razón más común para utilizar los servicios de rehabilitación; el 33,3 % (95 574/287 274) de los usuarios eran personas con amputaciones, seguidas por el 13,7 % (39 446/287 274) con parálisis cerebral. El predominio de los varones fue mayor en la población de 18 a 34 años (83,1 %; 71 441/85 997) y en las personas con amputaciones (88,6 %; 84 717/95 574), pero fue evidente en todos los lugares, grupos de edad y condiciones de salud. Conclusión:La asistencia notablemente inferior de las mujeres a los centros de rehabilitación destaca la necesidad de comprender los factores que afectan el acceso y la aceptación de la rehabilitación para las mujeres y las niñas en los entornos de conflicto. :الغرض تحليل الخصائص الديموغرافية والسريرية للأشخاص الذين يزورون مراكز إعادة التأهيل البدني، والتي تديرها أو تدعمها لجنة الصليب الأحمر الدولية في الدول والمناطق الواقعة تحت وطأة الصراع. الطريقة من بين 150 مركزاً لإعادة التأهيل حول العالم، يستخدم 38 منها نظاماً إلكترونياً لإدارة المرضى. قمنا بدعوة جميع المراكز الـ 38 للمشاركة. وقمنا باستخراج بيانات غير محددة الهوية من 1988 إلى 2018، وتصنيفها حسب الجنس أو العمر أو الدولة أو الإقليم، إلى جانب سبب اللجوء إلى خدمات إعادة التأهيل. النتائج شارك 31 مركزاً من مراكز إعادة التأهيل الـ 38 في 14 دولة وإقليم التي شاركت. وقمنا بتضمين بيانات 287274 شخصاً. من بين الأشخاص الذين يلجئون لخدمات إعادة التأهيل، كان 61.6٪ (176949/287274) منهم في أفغانستان، يليهم 15.7٪ (44959/287274) منهم في كمبوديا. وكان هناك سبع جهات يوجد بكل منها أكثر من 9000 مستخدم للخدمة (أفغانستان، وكمبوديا، وقطاع غزة، والعراق، وميانمار، والصومال، والسودان). وبوجه عام، كان 72.6٪ (208515/287274) من مستخدمي الخدمة من الذكور. وفي ثماني دول، كان أكثر من نصف المستخدمين في سن العمل (18 إلى 59 عاماً). كان البتر هو السبب الأكثر شيوعاً للاستعانة بخدمات إعادة التأهيل؛ حيث كان 33.3٪ (95574/287274) من المستخدمين من الأشخاص من ذوي حالات البتر، ويليهم 13.7٪ (39446/287274) من المصابين بالشلل الدماغي. كانت هيمنة الذكور أكبر في السكان الذين تتراوح أعمارهم من 18 إلى 34 عاماً (83.1٪؛ 71441/85997) وفي الأشخاص ذوي حالات البتر (88.6٪؛ 84717/95574)، ولكنها كانت واضحة في جميع الجهات والفئات العمرية والظروف الصحية . الاستنتاج إن التردد الأقل، بشكل ملحوظ، للإناث على مراكز إعادة التأهيل يسلط الضوء على الحاجة إلى فهم العوامل التي تؤثر على إمكانية لجوء النساء والفتيات في ظروف الصراع لإعادة التأهيل، ومدى مقبولية ذلك. 目的:旨在分析在受冲突影响的国家和地区人民中,接受红十字国际委员会运营或资助的身体康复中心服务的人群的人口和临床特征。. 方法:在全球 150 家此类康复中心中,有 38 家使用电子版的病人管理系统。我们邀请了这 38 家中心参与此次研究。我们提取了 1988 年到 2018 年间去除身份识别信息的数据,并将其按性别、年龄、国家或地区以及使用康复服务的原因进行分类. 结果:在这 14 个国家和地区的 38 家康复中心中,共有 31 家 参与此次研究。我们共采集了 287,274 份个人数据。在接受康复服务的人群中,阿富汗人占 61.6% (176,949/287,274),柬埔寨人占 15.7% (44,959/287,274)。服务用户超过 9000 人的有 7 处(阿富汗、加沙地带、柬埔寨、缅甸、苏丹、索马里和伊拉克)。整体而言,72.6% (208,515/287,274) 的服务用户为男性。在 8 个国家中,超过一半的用户处于工作年龄(18-59 岁)。截肢是接受康复服务最常见的原因,33.3% (95,574/287,274) 的用户是截肢者,其次是脑瘫患者,比例为 13.7% (39,446/287,274)。男性明显居多的现象体现在 18-34 岁人群 (83.1%; 71,441/85,997) 和截肢者 (88.6%; 84 717/95 574) 中,但在所有地方、年龄组和健康状况中男性均占多数。. 结论:女性到康复中心参加治疗的比例相当低,这突出强调了需要了解处于冲突环境中的妇女和女童获得和接受康复的影响因素. Цель:Анализ демографических и клинических показателей лиц, которые посещают центры физической реабилитации, находящиеся в ведении Международного комитета Красного Креста или поддерживаются им в странах и на территориях, затронутых конфликтом. Методы:Из 150 подобных реабилитационных центров по всему миру 38 используют электронную систему контроля пациентов. Мы пригласили все 38 центров принять участие в исследовании. Мы извлекли обезличенные данные за период с 1988 по 2018 гг. и классифицировали пациентов по полу, возрасту, стране или территории, а также по причине использования услуг по реабилитации. Результаты:Участие принял тридцать один из 38 реабилитационных центров 14 стран и территорий. Мы включили данные 287 274 человек. Из лиц, пользующихся услугами по реабилитации, 61,6% (176 949/287 274) проживали в Афганистане, на втором месте с показателем 15,7% (44 959/287 274) были пациенты из Камбоджи. В семи локациях насчитывалось более 9000 пользователей услуг по реабилитации (Афганистан, Ирак, Камбоджа, Мьянма, Сектор Газа, Сомали и Судан). Из числа включенных в исследование лиц 72,6% (208 515/287 274) пользователей услуг оказались мужчинами. В восьми странах более половины пользователей были трудоспособного возраста (18–59 лет). Ампутация была наиболее распространенной причиной использования услуг по реабилитации; 33,3% (95 574/287 274) пользователей были лица с ампутированными конечностями, второе место с показателем 13,7% (39 446/287 274) занимала группа пациентов с церебральным параличом. Более значительное преобладание мужчин наблюдалось среди населения в возрасте 18–34 лет (83,1%; 71 441/85 997), а также среди лиц с ампутированными конечностями (88,6%; 84 717/95 574). Указанное наблюдение было верно для всех локаций, возрастных групп и состояния здоровья. Вывод:Значительно более низкая посещаемость реабилитационных центров женщинами демонстрирует необходимость понимания факторов, влияющих на доступность и приемлемость реабилитации для женщин и девушек в условиях военных конфликтов.
journal_name
Bull World Health Organjournal_title
Bulletin of the World Health Organizationauthors
Barth CA,Wladis A,Blake C,Bhandarkar P,O'Sullivan Cdoi
10.2471/BLT.19.249060subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-01 00:00:00pages
599-614issue
9eissn
0042-9686issn
1564-0604pii
BLT.19.249060journal_volume
98pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Concentration of infected erythrocytes was achieved in cell suspensions derived from long-term culture of Plasmodium falciparum growing asynchronously in human erythrocytes. This new procedure involves the slow centrifugation (at 33 g) of erythrocyte suspensions through 5% Ficoll solutions. Mature asexual erythrocytic...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Teguest Guerma talks to Gary Humphreys about her career in public health, and her commitment to training midwives in Ethiopia. ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 传,历史文章,面试,新闻
doi:10.2471/BLT.19.030919
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sustainable control of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is jeopardized by dwindling public health resources resulting from competing health priorities that include an overwhelming acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. In Mpumalanga province, South Africa, rational planning has historically been ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asian influenza appears to have reached India via Madras in May 1957. The main pandemic wave swept through the subcontinent within the next 12 weeks; cases occurring thereafter represent the permanent infiltration of the new virus into the population. Between 19 May 1957 and 8 February 1958 there were reported 4 451 7...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1959-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To raise awareness about the importance of public pharmaceutical standards, identify if and, if so, where current pharmacopeias are falling short in the development of new and complete monographs and foster collaboration among the various pharmacopeias, to prioritize, develop and make available standards for ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.17.205807
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 1300 compounds have so far been included in the WHO Programme for Evaluating and Testing New Insecticides, which is designed to disclose compounds that may satisfactorily replace those to which insect vectors of disease have become resistant. The authors describe the successful passage of o-isopropoxyphenyl ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to find out whether chemotherapy with isoniazid affects the virulence in the guinea-pig of tubercle bacilli that do not develop resistance to the drug, virulence tests were carried out on isoniazid-sensitive cultures obtained from 20 South Indian tuberculous patients before treatment and after three months of...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore factors associated with household coping behaviours in the face of health expenditures in 15 African countries and provide evidence for policy-makers in designing financial health protection mechanisms. METHODS:A series of logit regressions were performed to explore factors correlating with a grea...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.07.049403
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is considerable exigency to take all necessary steps to cure tuberculosis cases and prevent further emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The most important of these steps is to ensure that the treatment, particularly of sputum smear-positive cases, is adequate and that patients adhere to their treatment by ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper is a report on the first (serological) phase of a study organized by WHO in collaboration with the WHO International Reference Centre for Respiratory Virus Diseases other than Influenza in Bethesda, Md., USA, to define the viral etiology of severe respiratory infections in children, particularly in tropical...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1967-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 28 000 persons with fibrotic pulmonary lesions compatible with tuberculosis were followed for five years after receiving 12, 24, or 52 weeks of preventive treatment with isoniazid or placebo.Compared with placebo, 12 weeks of isoniazid eliminated less than one-third, and 24 weeks eliminated two-thirds of th...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop a Bayesian hierarchical model for human onchocerciasis with which to explore the factors that influence prevalence of microfilariae in the Amazonian focus of onchocerciasis and predict the probability of any community being at least mesoendemic (>20% prevalence of microfilariae), and thus in need o...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Part 1 of this Memorandum appeared in Vol. 49, pages 81-91. Part 2 covers neoplasia of the bovine urinary bladder; tumours of unknown cause (including melanomas, osteosarcomas, mammary tumours, lymphosarcomas, mastocytomas, transmissible venereal tumours, and histiocytomas); and the applications of animal models in st...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1973-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author describes the design and operation of an automatic molluscicide dispenser for use in flowing water. The equipment, which consists basically of a measuring weir coupled to a float-activated siphon, was designed for simplicity, low cost, construction with commonly available materials, and operation by untrain...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1956-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eradication of poliomyelitis in Cuba, for which effective vaccines had to be acquired, is reviewed in this article. The strategy for eradication was based on mass immunization campaigns for the annual delivery of two doses of trivalent Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Except during the first campaign in 1962, ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Presented is an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery using cost and services data from the Lumbini Zonal Eye Care Programme in Nepal. The analysis suggests that cataract surgery may be even more cost-effective than previously reported. Under a "best estimate" scenario, cataract surgery had a cost o...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several laboratories have reported a large number of plasmodial antigens that may be implicated in the immune-mediated protection against the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to establish relationships between the antigens reported by different laboratories, a comparative testing of 37 antibody r...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examination of large numbers of strains of meningococci associated with systemic disease in US Army personnel over a 7-year period has shown a changing pattern of sero-group prevalence and an increasing proportion of sulfadiazine-resistant organisms. These findings underline the failure of sulfadiazine prophylaxis and...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1971-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the research conducted by a WHO collaborative study group for the development of a questionnaire method for the assessment of quality in child-care settings. The results of an inter-rater reliability study undertaken in Greece and Nigeria suggest that the Child Care Facility Schedule (CCFS), compo...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is a very common chronic disease that occurs in all age groups and is the focus of various clinical and public health interventions. Both morbidity and mortality from asthma are significant. The number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to asthma worldwide is similar to that for diabetes, liver ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To quantify long-term health service use (HSU) following non-fatal injury in adults. METHODS:A retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study identified an inception cohort (1988-91) of injured people who had been hospitalized (ICD-9-CM 800-995) aged 18-64 years (n = 21 032) and a matched non-injured ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.06.030833
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate out-of-pocket costs and the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in people admitted to hospital with acute coronary syndromes in Asia. METHODS:Participants were enrolled between June 2011 and May 2012 into this observational study in China, India, Malaysia, Republic of Korea, Singapore, T...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/BLT.15.158303
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antigenic structure of eight strains of influenza A viruses of avian origin was investigated by haemagglutination inhibition, virus neutralization and strain-specific complement fixation. All strains could be distinguished from each other, but certain cross-reactions were observed allowing the establishment of fou...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1965-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The deposit or precipitate formed after storage at -20 degrees C of allantoic fluids infected with influenza virus contains a considerable amount of the virus. It has been found that by treatment of this material, after thawing, with sodium chloride and subsequent purification of the treated fluid, all the virus origi...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1961-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large number of organisms such as viruses, protozoa, helminths, fungi and bacteria, especially mycobacteria, need cell-mediated immunological processes for their elimination. As well as being involved in protection, cell-mediated immunological processes are also involved in a number of allergic reactions to products...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5935/0305-7518.19700030
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have recently been published of surveys of antibodies to common respiratory viruses in human sera from several parts of the world. The present article reports the findings of a survey of antibodies to two more viruses (adenovirus type 8 and coxsackievirus type A21) in human sera mainly collected from six widel...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A serological survey was conducted among Tuareg nomads to determine their level of immunity to measles. More than half (57.9%) of the children under 10 years of age did not have detectable antibodies to measles, suggesting that transmission of the disease is low in this mobile population. Mothers' reports of their chi...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine the burden of bacillary dysentery in China, its cross-regional variations, trends in morbidity and mortality, the causative bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance patterns. METHODS:We extracted and integrated governmental statistics and relevant medical literature published from...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2471/blt.05.023853
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inspection and palpation are the traditional methods used to determine thyroid volume in areas of moderate-to-severe iodine deficiency. However, in areas of mild endemicity, and generally whenever goitres are small, ultrasonography is a safe, noninvasive technique that provides a more precise and objective method for ...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nation-wide tuberculosis prevalence surveys were conducted by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1953, 1958 and 1963, using the stratified random sampling method. Follow-up surveys were made on one-third of the areas surveyed in the previous year in 1954, 1959 and 1964. In this paper the results of surveys...
journal_title:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1969-01-01 00:00:00