Abstract：
:Eumelanin (brown/black melanin) and pheomelanin (red/yellow melanin) in human hair can be quantified using chemical methods or approximated using spectrophotometric methods. Chemical methods consume greater resources, making them less attractive for epidemiological studies. This investigation sought to identify the spectrophotometric measures that best explain the light-dark continuum of hair color and the measure that is best able to distinguish red hair from nonred hair. Genetic analysis was performed on these two measures to determine the proportion of genetic and environmental influences on variation in these traits. Reflectance curves along the visible spectrum and subjective ratings of hair color were collected from 1730 adolescent twin individuals. Discriminant class analyses were performed to determine the spectrophotometric measure that could best proxy for eumelanin and pheomelanin quantities. The ratio of light reflected in the green portion of the spectrum to that reflected in the red portion of the spectrum was best able to distinguish red hair from nonred hair. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genotype explained some, but not all, variation in this measure. Light absorbed in the red portion of the spectrum was best able to explain the light-dark continuum of hair color. Variance components analysis showed that there were qualitatively different genetic influences between males and females for the light-dark continuum of hair. Our results show that spectrophotometric measures approximating variation in eumelanin and pheomelanin may be considered as an alternative to chemical methods in larger epidemiological studies.
journal_name
Photochem Photobioljournal_title
Photochemistry and photobiologyauthors
Shekar SN,Duffy DL,Frudakis T,Montgomery GW,James MR,Sturm RA,Martin NGdoi
10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00237.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-05-01 00:00:00pages
719-26issue
3eissn
0031-8655issn
1751-1097pii
PHP237journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The C-40 xanthophylls zeaxanthin and astaxanthin were confirmed to form radical cations, Car.+, in the electron-accepting solvent chloroform by direct excitation using subpicosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy in combination with spectroelectrochemical determination of the near-infrared absorption of Car.+. ...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1562/2005-09-30-RA-705R.1
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypericin is a naturally occurring photosensitizer, whose presence in plants has been responsible for cutaneous phototoxicity in grazing animals. The photosensitizing properties of this agent have recently been exploited in models for anti-tumor and anti-viral activity. The cytotoxicity of hypericin and light was asse...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02438.x
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:People can get oral cancers from UV (290-400 nm) exposures. Besides high outdoor UV exposures, high indoor UV exposures to oral tissues can occur when consumers use UV-emitting tanning devices to either tan or whiten their teeth. We compared the carcinogenic risks of skin to oral tissue cells after UVB (290-320 nm) ex...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/php.12030
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) to cells previously exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and epithelial cells (HaCaT) were seeded in wells of 24-well plates containing complete culture medium (DMEM). After 24 h, the DMEM was replaced by serum-free DMEM, and...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/php.12877
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinetics of transients formed under photoexcitation of benzophenone (B) dissolved in three different polymers was studied by ns laser flash photolysis. These polymers were the soft rubbers poly (ethylene-co-butylene) (EB), polystyrene block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) and hard polystyrene ...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/php.12170
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excessive exposure of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UV-B component, to humans causes many adverse effects that include erythema, hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging and skin cancer. In recent years, there is increasing use of botanical agents in skin care products. Pomegr...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1562/2004-08-06-RA-264
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In clinical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin tumors it is desirable to develop vehicles that minimize the penetration of ALA through normal stratum corneum and maximize it through the compromised stratum corneum of the tumors to improve tumor selectivity. We have designed a bioadhes...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1562/2005-08-08-RA-641
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photodynamic treatment is often thought to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly induce killing; the nomenclature and phrases revolve around such notions of light-dependency. Few studies reference the possible existence of oxidation products formed in secondary reactions, which bear cytotoxicity competit...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/php.12984
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Catalases are oxidized by singlet oxygen giving rise to more acidic conformers detected in zymograms after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. This shift in catalase mobility can be indicative of singlet oxygen production in vivo. Catalase from human cells, as from many organisms, is susceptible to in vitro modifi...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alignment of the primary structures of the hydrozoan photoproteins, aequorin, mitrocomin, clytin and obelin showed very strong amino acid sequence identities. The Ca(2+)-binding sites of the proteins were found to be highly conserved. The Ca(2+)-binding sites were also homologous to the Ca(2+)-binding sites of other C...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb08713.x
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although allergic rhinitis is not life threatening, it significantly influences the quality of a patient's life. This study is intended to evaluate the safety and efficacy of phototherapy with low-level energy of a 650 nm laser irradiation system in perennial allergic rhinitis patients. This clinical trial was an open...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/php.12032
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proteins induced by heat and other stressors, called heat shock proteins (HSP) or stress proteins, are considered to play a general role in protection from cellular injury. Exposure to UVA (320-400 nm) following application of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), termed PUVA is commonly used in the field of dermatology. In ...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.1993.tb04974.x
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The contribution of DNA strand breaks accumulating in the course of nucleotide excision repair to upregulation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein was investigated in human dermal fibroblast strains after treatment with 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light. For this purpose, fibroblast cultures were exposed to UV and incubat...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1562/0031-8655(2000)072<0562:locbds>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ciliate Stentor coeruleus exhibits photodispersal, that is, these cells swim away from light sources and collect in dimly lighted areas. We imaged and reconstructed the tracks of 48 Stentor to determine which swimming behaviors produced their photodispersal. We observed that their photodispersal is not due to a ch...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1562/0031-8655(2004)080<0401:BPPISC>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer induces oxidative stress, which intervenes in the expression of cytokines by tumor cells. The cytokines might have either a positive or a negative impact on tumor eradication. Here, we studied the expression of cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-1al...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01062.x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schinus terebinthifolius is a plant rich in phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant properties and can provide new opportunities for treatment and prevention of diseases mediated by ultraviolet radiation like photoaging and skin cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photoprotective potential and ex vivo...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/php.12419
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pH-insensitive beetle luciferases cloned from Rhagophthalmidae, Phengodidae, and Elateridae exhibit great potential application as reporter assays for monitoring gene expression. At present, however, only one luciferase has been reported from the enigmatic and predominantly Asian distributed luminous family Rhagop...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/php.13172
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is among the most prevalent environmental factors that influence human health and disease. Even 1 h of UV irradiation extensively damages the genome. To cope with resulting deleterious DNA lesions, cells activate a multitude of DNA damage response pathways, including DNA repair. Strikingly, ...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/php.13245
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solar radiation is known to be a major contributor to the development of skin cancer. Most sunscreen formulations, including those with broad spectrum, offer minimal protection in long-wavelength ultraviolet A1 (UVA1; 370-400 nm) and visible light (VL; 400-700 nm) domain. There is limited information regarding the imp...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1111/php.13143
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polarized steady-state fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra as well as time-resolved fluorescence for B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) from red algae, Porphyridium cruentum, embedded in polyvinyl stretched films were measured. The lifetimes of polarized fluorescence were analyzed using exponential components and fra...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The progressive loss of visual faculties with advancing age is attributed, sometimes, mainly to allegedly inevitable optical deterioration, such as clouding of the media, or again to neurosenescence, as typified by cell-death. The relevant factors are assessed, and it is not thought likely that changes in normal ocula...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb04181.x
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of anthocyanins in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) bunches from the Sangiovese cultivar was measured nondestructively by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging using two excitation light bands at 550 and 650 nm in sequence. The pixel intensity in the derived logarithm of the fluorescence excitation ratio image wa...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00424.x
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to ultraviolet radiation results in increased levels of intradermal cis-urocanic acid (cUCA) and alters cutaneous immunity by interfering with processing and presentation of antigen by Langerhans cells. Reports on effects of systemic immunotoxicity with 30 day cUCA exposure in laboratory rodents include thymi...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0383:ieocae>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Near-ultraviolet light (UVA: 320-400 nm) constitutes a major part of sunlight UV. It is important to know the effect of UVA on the biological activities of organisms on the earth. We have previously reported that black light induces somatic-cell mutation in Drosophila larvae. To investigate which wavelength of the UVA...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1562/0031-8655(2001)073<0493:SCMIBU>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is mounting that UV-B and UV-A radiation affect skin differently in responses as diverse as erythema and elastosis. We found in this study that collagen metabolism was also differentially affected. Albino hairless mice were irradiated with two UV-A sources: (1) UVASUN 3000 (340-400 nm) for cumulative exposure...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02011.x
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cultured human keratinocytes, the tumor suppressor p53 acts as a control element in the protective response to UVB radiation and is affected by a variety of factors linked to cellular adhesion and differentiation. Because keratinocytes within the epidermis are not a homogeneous population but differ in their prolif...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1562/0031-8655(2000)071<0321:pduroh>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular autofluorescence spectra were monitored in a single-beam gradient force optical trap ("optical tweezers") in order to probe the physiological effects of near infrared and UVA (320-400 nm) microirradiation. Prior to trapping, Chinese hamster ovary cells exhibited weak UVA-excited autofluorescence with maxima a...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb09143.x
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 660 nm) on levels of protein expression of inflammatory mediators after cutting Achilles tendon of rats. Thirty Wistar male rats underwent partial incisions of the left Achilles tendon, and were divided into three groups of 10 animals acc...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01179.x
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Topical 6,4,4'-trimethylangelicin (TMA) plus UVA was used to induce intense epidermal pigmentation in inbred HRA.HRII-c/+/Skh hairless pigmented mice over a 13 day period. Subsequent UVB/UVA exposure was used to assess the photoprotective properties of this tan using skin tumors as an endpoint. Comparisons were always...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Light signals trigger precise changes in gene expression networks that activate distinctive developmental programs in plants. The transcriptome is shaped at different stages, both by the regulation of gene expression and also by posttranscriptional mechanisms that alter the sequence or abundance of the transcripts gen...
journal_title：Photochemistry and photobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/php.12762
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
