Abstract：
:The development of gene editing techniques, capable of producing plants and animals with new and improved traits, is revolutionizing the world of plant and animal breeding and rapidly advancing to commercial reality. However, from a regulatory standpoint the Government of Canada views gene editing as another tool that will join current methods used to develop desirable traits in plants and animals. This is because Canada focusses on the potential risk resulting from the novelty of the trait, or plant or animal product entering the Canadian environment or market place, rather than the process or method by which it was created. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is responsible for the regulation of the environmental release of plants with novel traits, and novel livestock feeds, while Health Canada is responsible for the regulation of novel foods. Environment and Climate Change Canada, in partnership with Health Canada, regulates modified animals for entry into the environment. In all cases, these novel products may be the result of conventional breeding, mutagenesis, recombinant DNA techniques or other methods of plant or animal breeding such as gene editing. This novelty approach allows the Canadian regulatory system to efficiently adjust to any new developments in the science of plant and animal breeding and allows for risk-appropriate regulatory decisions. This approach encourages innovation while maintaining science-based regulatory expertise. Canadian regulators work cooperatively with proponents to determine if their gene editing-derived product meets the definition of a novel product, and whether it would be subject to a pre-market assessment. Therefore, Canada's existing regulatory system is well positioned to accommodate any new innovations or technologies in plant or animal breeding, including gene editing.
journal_name
Transgenic Resjournal_title
Transgenic researchauthors
Ellens KW,Levac D,Pearson C,Savoie A,Strand N,Louter J,Tibelius Cdoi
10.1007/s11248-019-00153-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
165-168issue
Suppl 2eissn
0962-8819issn
1573-9368pii
10.1007/s11248-019-00153-2journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In this study the effects of gene targeting procedures on the early behaviour and morphological development of the resulting offspring have been investigated. Six groups of mice, each having undergone a specific aspect of the biotechnological procedure, (including electroporation, microinjection and/or embryo culture)...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1012244404020
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular anomalies are most commonly seen in the head and neck region, and there is no animal model available of this disease until now. The purpose of this study was to construct a conditional murine polyomavirus middle T antigen gene (PyMT) transgenic mice model, in order to provide a basis for the treatment of vasc...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-008-9224-1
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The generation is reported of transgenic mice expressing human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or human erythropoietin (EPO) under the control of bovine alpha s1-casein regulatory sequences. GM-CSF expression was specific to the mammary gland, and levels of human GM-CSF in transgenic mouse mi...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1018461201385
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple advantages-including the short generation time, large numbers of fertilized eggs, low cost of cultivation and easy maintenance favor the use of fish as bioreactors for the production of pharmaceutical proteins. In the present study, zebrafish eggs were used as bioreactors to produce mature tilapia insulin-lik...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-010-9388-3
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The seed-based production of recombinant proteins is an efficient strategy to achieve the accumulation, correct folding, and increased stability of these recombinant proteins. Among potential plant molecular farming systems, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is a viable option for the production of recombinant protei...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-010-9461-y
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the consequences of increased apolipoprotein A-I production on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, we have produced two lines of transgenic rats; one expressing moderate and one very high levels of human apolipoprotein A-I. The rats were produced by microinjection of a 13 kbp DNA fragment containing the...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02528779
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two commonly used promoters to ubiquitously express transgenes in zebrafish are the Xenopus laevis elongation factor 1 alpha promoter (XlEef1a1) and the zebrafish histone variant H2A.F/Z (h2afv) promoter. Recently, transgenes utilizing these promoters were shown to be silenced in certain adult tissues, particularly th...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-007-9152-5
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cDNA for bovine spleen trypsin inhibitor (SI), a homologue of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), including the natural mammalian presequence was expressed in tobacco using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Stable expression required the N-terminal targeting signal presequence although sub...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015210919077
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although genetic transformation of soybean dates back to over two decades, the process remains inefficient. Here, we report the development of an organogenesis-based transformation method of soybean that resulted in an average transformation frequency of 18.7%. This improved method resorts to Agrobacterium-mediated tr...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-020-00198-8
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide a unique tool for cell-mediated gene transfer and targeted gene mutations due to the possibility of in vitro selection of desired genotypes. When selected cells contribute to the germ line in chimaeric embryos, transgenic animals may be generated with modified genetic traits. Though t...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015678416921
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three lines of transgenic tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish were generated with a construct containing a lacZ reporter gene spliced to a 4.7 kb 5' regulatory region of a carp beta actin gene. All these three lines contain different copy numbers of transgenes and the levels of lacZ expression were found to be relate...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1026517212807
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Agriculture productivity is severely affected by soil salinity. One possible mechanism by which plants could survive salt stress is to compartmentalize sodium ions away from the cytosol. In the present work, transgenic buckwheat plants overexpressing AtNHX1, a vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene from Arabidopsis thali...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-007-9085-z
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Baculovirus p 35 protein protects cells from apoptotic cell death by inhibiting caspase activation. We have established transgenic mouse lines specifically expressing p 35 in cardiomyocytes, and primary cardiomyocytes isolated from these mice exhibit resistance to staurosporine-induced apoptosis. In a previous study, ...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-005-4350-5
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several reports of promoters from plants, viral and artificial origin that confer high constitutive expression are known. Among these the CaMV 35S promoter is used extensively for transgene expression in plants. We identified candidate promoters from Arabidopsis based on their transcript levels (meta-analysis of avail...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1007/s11248-013-9757-9
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bananas are a staple food source and a major export commodity worldwide. The Cavendish dessert banana is a triploid AAA genome type and accounts for around 47% of global production. Being essentially sterile, genetic modification is perhaps the only pathway available to improve this cultivar. In this study, we used th...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-018-0083-0
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rust fungi of the order Pucciniales are destructive pathogens of wheat worldwide. Leaf rust caused by the obligate, biotrophic basidiomycete fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt) is an economically important disease capable of causing up to 50 % yield losses. Historically, resistant wheat cultivars have been used to control ...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-016-9978-9
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The low-level presence (LLP) of genetically engineered (GE) seeds that have been approved in the country of origin but not the country of import presents challenges for regulators in both seed importing and exporting countries, as well as for the international seed trade and the farmers who rely on it. In addition to ...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11248-015-9899-z
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Saccharomyces cerevisiae chitinase, encoded by the CTS1-2 gene has recently been confirmed by in vitro tests to possess antifungal abilities. In this study, the CTS1-2 gene has been evaluated for its in planta antifungal activity by constitutive overexpression in tobacco plants to assess its potential to increase ...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1024220023057
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) belong to the peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family, and catalyse the rotation of the peptide bond preceding a proline. They are conserved in organisms from bacteria to man. In order to understand the function of plant FKBP isoforms, we have produced transgenic wheat pl...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1016374128479
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We previously demonstrated a case of silencing in transgenic plants expressing T7 RNA polymerase in which expression of a reporter gene placed under the control of the T7 promoter was silenced. Here we demonstrate that endogenous genes can be silenced by the same system. The T7-driven silencing system does not conform...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-007-9146-3
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Since several aspects of the infection remain unresolved, there is a pressing need for a convenient animal model that can mimic the clinical disease and aid the evaluation of treatment strategies. Although some success has been ac...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-011-9494-x
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants of strawberry (cultivar Pájaro) were transformed with three defense related genes: ch5B, gln2 and ap24 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The ch5B gene encodes for a chitinase from Phaseolus vulgaris, while gln2 and ap24 encode for a glucanase and a thaumatin-like protein, respectively, both from Nicotiana tabacu...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-005-2543-6
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait: low levels can cause premature germination, while too much can inhibit uniform germination. As an approach to controlling the seed dormancy level in crops, we used Triticeae DOG1-like genes as transgenes. DOG1 is an Arabidopsis gene that underlies natural variation in see...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-014-9800-5
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The E8 promoter, a tomato fruit-ripening-specific promoter, and the CaMV 35S promoter, a constitutive promoter, were used to express the miraculin gene encoding the taste-modifying protein in tomato. The accumulation of miraculin protein and mRNA was compared among transgenic tomatoes expressing the miraculin gene dri...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-011-9495-9
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt) gene, cry2AX1was cloned in a bi-selectable marker free binary vector construct. The cry2AX1 gene, driven by the Chrysanthemum rbcS1 promoter, was introduced into JK1044R, the restorer line (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) of a notified commercially grown rice hybrid in India, ...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-016-9954-4
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article describes a reliable and rapid method for simultaneous detection of a transgene and sex determination in the newborn mouse pups by PCR using three sets of primers in a single reaction. One set of sense/antisense primers is used to amplify the experimental transgene (androgen receptor gene in this case), t...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1008838616203
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gonadal effects of the Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) mutation Wt1(tmT396 )were examined in chimaeric and heterozygous mice. Since the only heterozygote was 41,XXY, Sertoli cell function was assessed by comparison with age-matched control XXY testes. Control XXY Sertoli cells showed immuno-expression of WT1 and androgen r...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-005-7216-y
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant transformation, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is usually performed with binary vectors. Most of the available binary vectors contain within the T-DNA (which is transferred to the plant genome) components not required for the intended modification. These additional sequences may cause potential risks during fiel...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01974093
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wheat provides 20 % of the calories consumed worldwide. Powdery mildew infections of wheat can result in more than 30 % yield loss but it has been demonstrated that wheat overexpressing Pm3b, an allele of the R gene Pm3, has enhanced resistance against powdery mildew under field conditions. A gene expression profile s...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-014-9821-0
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Short directly-repeated (DR) DNA enhancer elements of plant viral origin were analyzed for their ability, both individually and in combination, to influence in vivo transcription when inserted upstream from a minimal CaMV35S promoter. Synthetic promoters containing multiple copies and/or combinations of DR cassettes w...
journal_title：Transgenic research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11248-007-9117-8
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
