Abstract：
:HIV-2 is thought to have entered the human population in the 1930s through cross-species transmission of SIV from sooty mangabeys in West Africa. Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 has not led to a global pandemic, and recent data suggest that HIV-2 prevalence is declining in some West African states where it was formerly endemic. Although many early isolates of HIV-2 were derived from patients presenting with AIDS-defining illnesses, it was noted that a much larger proportion of HIV-2-infected subjects behaved as long-term non-progressors (LTNP) than their HIV-1-infected counterparts. Many HIV-2-infected adults are asymptomatic, maintaining an undetectable viral load for over a decade. However, despite lower viral loads, HIV-2 progresses to clinical AIDS without therapeutic intervention in most patients. In addition, successful treatment with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is more challenging than for HIV-1. HIV-2 is significantly more sensitive to restriction by host restriction factor tripartite motif TRIM5α than HIV-1, and this difference in sensitivity is linked to differences in capsid structure. In this review we discuss the determinants of HIV-2 disease progression and focus on the important interactions between TRIM5α and HIV-2 capsid in long-term viral control.
journal_name
Clin Exp Immunoljournal_title
Clinical and experimental immunologyauthors
Boswell MT,Rowland-Jones SLdoi
10.1111/cei.13280subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-01 00:00:00pages
305-317issue
3eissn
0009-9104issn
1365-2249journal_volume
196pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Macrophages separated from lavage samples obtained from lungs removed at transplantation from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and other lung diseases, have been compared with circulating monocytes from the same patients for their ability to stimulate allogeneic normal circulating lymphocytes and to present antigen ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2249.1997.d01-954.x
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a debilitating and potentially fatal neuromuscular disease characterized by the generation of autoantibodies reactive with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) that cause loss of AChR from the neuromuscular endplate with resultant failure of neuromuscular transmission. A role for compleme...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03198.x
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salivary gland biopsies from 12 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 10 controls were examined for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA by in-situ hybridization and for EBV proteins by immunofluorescence and peroxidase techniques. Viral DNA was found in biopsies from two out of 12 patients with primary Sjögren's syndr...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Native type II collagens of rat, chick, bovine, human and murine origin have been used for immunization of male and female DBA/1 mice of different ages. The four heterologous collagens were able to induce arthritis in both male and female mice although the incidence of arthritis was higher in males. The onset of arthr...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets was assessed using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in 44 untreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM) subdivided according to the clinical stage of the disease. A significant reduction (P less than 0.001) of T lymphocytes was observed only in stage II and III patients. The propo...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five out of 51 sera (10%) from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis reacted by immunoblotting with tissue concanavalin A binding glycoproteins of 50 kD and 45 kD Mr, whereas only one out of 133 control sera gave the same reaction (P less than 0.001). The antigens were localized to the microsomal fractions of t...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of human natural killer (NK) cells is associated with the cleavage of CD16 from the cell surface, a process mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this report, we examined whether inhibition of MMPs would lead to improved NK cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function. Using...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cei.12095
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Podocytes, the main target of immune complex, participate actively in the development of glomerular injury as immune cells. Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is an innate immune molecular that has an immune recognition function, and is involved in mediation of ce...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/cei.12723
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The balance between Type 1 and Type 2 cytokines is important for the outcome of several infectious diseases. As elderly humans show increased morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, this study tests if ageing is associated with a change towards Type 2 dominance in T cells. Expression of IFN-gamma, and IL-4 w...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01736.x
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study T-cell function related to the production of autoimmune nephropathy, we immunized random-bred mice, homozygous athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and heterozygous hairy (nu/+) mice with human glomeruli contained in Freund's complete adjuvant. The random-bred and heterozygous hairy mice developed circulating a...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two DNA-binding monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) derived from lupus mice were examined for their effects on kidney function. Antibody IV-228, reactive with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) but not double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) significantly altered kidney function in some MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice with lupus glomerulonephrit...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and prostaglandins (PG) regulate the cell-mediated immune response, so it has been proposed that they affect the progression of pulmonary tuberculosis. Here we report that the administration of soluble betaglycan, a potent TGF-beta antagonist, and niflumic acid, a PG synthesi...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03049.x
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently showed that human thyroid epithelial cells, which are normally negative for HLA-DR molecules, express HLA-DR in thyroid autoimmunity. Furthermore, induction of HLA-DR on normal thyroid cells can be achieved by culture with plant lectins. We have now found that recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Porphyromonas gingivalis cysteine proteinases (gingipains) have been associated with virulence in destructive periodontitis, a disease process that has been linked with Th2 pathways. Critical in maintaining Th2 activity is the response of B lymphocytes to environmental interleukin (IL)-4, a cytokine that also countera...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02287.x
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nickel (Ni), the main cause of contact allergy to metals, induces in vitro production of both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from allergic subjects. Because the knowledge of the cellular immune response to other metals involved in contact allergy has been limited, we investiga...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03226.x
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement is activated by immune and non-immune mechanisms in the kidney. MAC has been found associated with glomerular immune deposits, but also to cell remnants, particularly along tubules and in vessel walls. Clusterin and S-protein (vitronectin) bind to MAC, rendering it cytol...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb06459.x
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution and regulatory function of immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis by monocytes were assessed using several monoclonal antibodies and a cell sorter in samples from 13 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and nine patients with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG). Since all of these cells were separated directly w...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunofluorescence (IF) to detect HCV antigens and non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH) to detect HCV RNA genome were carried out on bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MC) of 11 chronically HCV-infected patients. In four patients (36.4%) HCV antigens were detected in monocytes/macrophag...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.1996.tb08296.x
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.1997.278-ce1172.x
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported the finding of circulating antibodies recognizing two proteins of 100 and 120 kD (PO100 and PO120) from Pityrosporum ovale in patients with psoriasis. These antibodies were specific, since they were not detected in normal sera nor in other diseases linked to P. ovale such as seborrhoeic der...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-719.x
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease associated with aberrant activation of T and B lymphocytes for the production of inflammatory cytokines and autoreactive antibodies. Animal studies of SLE have indicated that Toll-like receptors (TLR) are important in the pathogenesis of murine lupus....
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04036.x
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In essential mixed, type II, cryoglobulinaemia (EMC) monoclonal autoantibodies with rheumatoid factor activity are synthesized at an accelerated rate by non-malignant B lymphocytes. In order to determine if the high cryoglobulin production rate is related to a clonal B cell expansion, cell surface markers of periphera...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and experimental models of colitis is characterized by a dysregulated intestinal immune response with elevated levels of Th1 cytokines. The luminal flora has been implicated as a major factor contributing to the initiation and perpetuation of inflammation in ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02288.x
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Capsular polysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (Y4 CP) induces bone resorption in a mouse organ culture system and osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow cultures, as reported in previous studies. We also found that Y4 CP inhibits the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 from human gingival ...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02836.x
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T helper (Th) responses are mediated in part by immunoregulatory cytokines and the signals delivered by the costimulatory CD28-B7 pathway. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between the regulation of B7 isoform expression on antigen-presenting cells from HIV+ individuals and the production of Th cyto...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00937.x
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to investigate the T cell cytokine profile during age-dependent maturation of the immune response, we evaluated the cytokine expression of CD4+ and CD8+ circulating cells by flow cytometric single-cell analysis after non-specific stimulation in vitro in different age groups of normal individuals, from cord bl...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00977.x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recommended control option against onchocerciasis is repeated ivermectin treatment, which will need to be implemented for decades, and it remains unknown how repeated ivermectin therapy might affect immunity against Onchocerca volvulus in the long term. O. volvulus-specific antibody reactivity and cellular cytokin...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03312.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In ANCA-associated vasculitis the activation of primed leucocytes by autoantibodies with subsequent release of proteases such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), proteinase 3 (PR3) and elastase is thought to play an important pathogenetic role. Whether these proteases contribute to the vascular lesions by stimulating the procoa...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01587.x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunological cell functions were evaluated during 24, 48 and 96 h O2 exposure in C57Bl/6 mice. A normobaric O2 exposure resulted in depression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to oxazolone and Staphylococcus aureus antigens. This effect was proportional to the duration of O2 exposure. The antibody response of s...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) on cultures of established human B-cell lines was studied to develop models for the initiation and regulation of immune responses. DNA synthesis in one line, BM, measured by [125I]iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) incorporation, was stimulated by anti-Ig when the continuously prolifer...
journal_title：Clinical and experimental immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00
