Abstract：
:The circadian rhythm of eclosion activity and its pacemaker were analyzed in a series of latitudinal races of Drosophila auraria ranging from 34.2 degrees to 42.9 degrees N in Japan. The phase of the rhythm (psi EL) to the daily photoperiod (PP) changes as daylength is increased, and the slope of psi EL (PP) changes with latitude. Is is sufficiently greater in the north to cause a phase reversal of northern and southern races on long versus short photoperiods. This reversal is found in assays of the pacemaker's phase (psi PL) as well as that of the rhythm (psi EL). Assay of the pacemaker shows that its period (tau) is longer in northern than in southern races, and that the amplitude of its phase response curve (PRC) is lower in the north. The period of the rhythm in all latitudinal races is longer than 24 hr in short photoperiods (LD 1:23), but is probably less than 24 hr (as an aftereffect of photoperiod) in longer days such as LD 14:10. The observed north-south differences in the phase relation of both pacemaker and rhythm to the light cycle are explained by the latitudinal clines in pacemaker properties and a postulated aftereffect of photoperiod on tau. It is suggested that the latitudinal cline in PRC amplitude has functional significance in conserving the amplitude of the pacemaker's signal to the rest of the system it times. Computer simulation shows that without such a reduction in the perceived light intensity, pacemaker amplitude will be lowered by the increase in duration of the daily light at higher latitudes.
journal_name
J Biol Rhythmsjournal_title
Journal of biological rhythmsauthors
Pittendrigh CS,Takamura Tsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-07-01 00:00:00pages
217-35issue
2eissn
0748-7304issn
1552-4531journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We examine theoretical models for circadian oscillations based on transcriptional regulation in Drosophila and Neurospora. For Drosophila, the molecular model is based on the negative feedback exerted on the expression of the per and tim genes by the complex formed between the PER and TIM proteins. For Neurospora, sim...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/074873099129000948
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The temporal expression pattern of the circadian clock gene period was compared between heads of the linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus , kept under diapause-promoting short days (SD) and diapause-preventing long days (LD) using a real-time PCR quantification. Diapause or reproduction was programmed by photoperiod during...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730407303624
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mammals, molecular circadian rhythms are generated by autoregulatory transcriptional-translational feedback loops with PERIOD/CRYPTOCHROME containing complexes inhibiting the transcription of their own genes. Although the major circadian oscillator components seem to be identified, an increasing number of additiona...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730415587407
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tau mutation in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) is phenotypically expressed in a period of the circadian rhythm of about 20 h in homozygotes (SS) and about 22 h in heterozygotes (S+). The authors investigate whether this well-defined model for variation in circadian period exhibits associated changes in ene...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049701200503
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crustaceans have frequently been used to study the neuroethology of both agonistic behavior and circadian rhythms, but whether their highly stereotyped and quantifiable agonistic activity is controlled by circadian pacemakers has, so far, not been investigated. Isolated marbled crayfish (Procambarus spec.) displayed r...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730408328933
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over 90% of neurons within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) express γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although GABA is primarily an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in vitro studies suggest that the activation of GABAA receptors (GABAAR) elicits excitation in the adult SCN. The ratio of excitatory to inhibitory responses to GA...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730418782820
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various aspects of mammalian endocrine physiology show a time-of-day variation with a period of 24 h, which represents an adaptation to the daily environmental fluctuations resulting from the rotation of the earth. These 24-h rhythms in hormone abundance and consequently hormone function may rely on rhythmic signals p...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0748730415580881
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats anticipate a fixed daily feeding time by entrainment of a component of their multioscillatory circadian system. The range of stimuli capable of entraining this component is little studied. Previous studies suggest that restricted water access is not an effective entrainment stimulus, as measured by general locomo...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049200700206
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Almost exclusively, photoperiodic insects respond to a given photoperiod in one of two ways: a "long-day" response or a "short-day" response. Intermediate responses occur only at a very restricted range of photoperiods (often less than 30 min) and are generally population phenomena rather than intermediate responses o...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049300800104
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life in the Arctic presents organisms with multiple challenges, including extreme photic conditions, cold temperatures, and annual loss and daily movement of sea ice. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) evolved under these unique conditions, where they rely on ice to hunt their main prey, seals. However, very little is know...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730419900877
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many mammalian cell types show daily rhythms in gene expression driven by a circadian pacemaker. For example, cultured astrocytes display circadian rhythms in Period1 and Period2 expression. It is not known, however, how or which intercellular factors synchronize and sustain rhythmicity in astrocytes. Because astrocyt...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730409332042
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temperature compensation and period determination by casein kinase 1 (CK1) are conserved features of eukaryotic circadian rhythms, whereas the clock gene transcription factors that facilitate daily gene expression rhythms differ between phylogenetic kingdoms. Human red blood cells (RBCs) exhibit temperature-compensate...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730419836370
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female Drosophila melanogaster, like many other organisms, exhibit different behavioral repertoires after mating with a male. These postmating responses (PMRs) include increased egg production and laying, increased rejection behavior (avoiding further male advances), decreased longevity, altered gustation and decrease...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730416668048
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated usi...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730417709111
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine if a circadian rhythm known to be functionally related to the reproductive axis varies on a circannual basis, we monitored the circadian secretion of melatonin at monthly intervals for 2 years in four ovariectomized, estradiol-implanted ewes held in a constant short-day photoperiod. Prior to the study, ew...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049501000104
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using quantitative autoradiography, 2-(125)I-melatonin binding was investigated throughout the light:dark cycle in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), paraventricular nuclei (PVT), and pars tuberalis (PT) of adult female Siberian hamsters kept for 10 weeks in either long or short photoperiods (LP or SP, respectively). P...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873049601100406
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity during pregnancy causes numerous maternal and fetal health complications, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity has previously been linked to disruption of the intrinsic adipose clock gene network that is crucial for normal metabolic function. This adipose clock al...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730418772499
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonphotic stimuli can reset and entrain circadian activity rhythms in hamsters and mice, and serotonin is thought to be involved in the phase-resetting effects of these stimuli. In the present study, the authors examined the effect of the serotonin agonist quipazine on circadian activity rhythms in three inbred strain...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873099129000524
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DEC1 and DEC2-basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors-exhibit a circadian expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other peripheral tissues and seem to play roles in regulating the mammalian circadian rhythm by suppressing the CLOCK/BMAL1-activated promoters of Per1, Dec1, and Dec2. The authors present data ...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730405280195
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adjustment of hamsters to advanced light-dark (LD) cycles can be greatly accelerated by scheduling a single 3-hr bout of extra activity in a novel running wheel, starting about 7 hr before the time when the animals become active in the preceding LD cycle. The present experiments were designed to provide stronger e...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873048900400305
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhodopsin 7 ( Rh7), a new invertebrate Rhodopsin gene, was discovered in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster in 2000, but its function has remained elusive. We generated an Rh7 null mutant ( Rh70) by P element-mediated mutagenesis and found that an absence of Rh7 had significant effects on fly activity patterns duri...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730417721826
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice with targeted gene disruption have provided important information about the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock function. A full understanding of the roles of circadian-relevant genes requires manipulation of their expression in a tissue-specific manner, ideally including manipulation with high efficiency wit...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730418757006
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intertidal species have both circadian and circatidal clocks. Although the behavioral evidence for these oscillators is more than 5 decades old, virtually nothing is known about their molecular clockwork. Pigment-dispersing hormones (PDHs) were originally described in crustaceans. Their insect homologs, pigment-disper...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730411420242
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 12-hr dark period, at a temperature high enough to permit time measurement to occur, is necessary for maximal induction of larval diapause in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. In the present study, induction of diapause only occurred in a periodic environment. This was in the form of certain (1) light-dar...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873048600100205
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most cyclic biological processes are under control of a circadian molecular timing system that synchronizes these phenomena to the 24-h day. One generic property of circadian-controlled processes is that they operate within a specific temperature range, below which the manifestation of rhythm ceases. Little is known a...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730414537801
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arctic and subarctic environments are exposed to extreme light: dark (LD) regimes, including periods of constant light (LL) and constant dark (DD) and large daily changes in day length, but very little is known about circadian rhythms of mammals at high latitudes. The authors investigated the circadian rhythms of a su...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730404264200
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian circadian pacemaker is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Various inputs modulate pacemaker phase, including the serotonergic (5HTergic) input from the midbrain raphe. 5HT phase-advances the SCN pacemaker when applied during mid subjective day. In vitro studies indicate that 5HT advances the m...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/074873002129002429
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hibernating animals have been a successful model system for elucidating fundamental properties of many physiological systems. Over the past 50 years, a diverse literature has emerged on the role of the circadian system in control and expression of winter torpor in several orders of birds and mammals. This body of rese...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1177/0748730403254971
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the intergeniculate leaflet of the thalamus (IGL) in photoperiod responsiveness was examined in a laboratory-selected line of photoperiod nonresponsive (NR) Siberian hamsters. NR hamsters fail to exhibit typical winter-type responses (i.e., gonadal regression and development of winter-type pelage) when exp...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730406287996
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The measurement of circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed to be a marker of disease and an indicator of recovery. Thus, knowing the temporal pattern and influence of potential circadian rhythms is important. Although several studies have measured BDNF at different times of day...
journal_title：Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1177/0748730417693124
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
