Abstract:
:Almost exclusively, photoperiodic insects respond to a given photoperiod in one of two ways: a "long-day" response or a "short-day" response. Intermediate responses occur only at a very restricted range of photoperiods (often less than 30 min) and are generally population phenomena rather than intermediate responses of individuals. In contrast, individuals of the wood roach, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, show intermediate responses over a broad range of photoperiods. We examined the effect of constant light, constant darkness, and photoperiods ranging from 10 to 18 hr of light per 24 hr on growth rate as measured by weight gain, and found a robust photoperiodic response. Nymphs raised in photoperiods with light periods (photophases) from 0 to 12 hr gained little weight, whereas those in LD 18:6 were almost 15 times heavier. This is the first report of a photoperiodic response curve for a cockroach. Interestingly, there was a linear relationship between the duration of the photophase and weight gain over a broad range of photoperiods (LD 12:12 to LD 18:6; r2 = 0.99). Statistical analysis showed that the intermediate responses were attributable to individuals' growing at an intermediate rate. Another interesting observation was that all larval stages appeared to be capable of perceiving and responding to photoperiodic signals. The results of further experiments using non-24-hr photoperiods were consistent with the existence of a circadian component in the photoperiodic time measurement in this species.
journal_name
J Biol Rhythmsjournal_title
Journal of biological rhythmsauthors
Wassmer GT,Page TLdoi
10.1177/074873049300800104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-04-01 00:00:00pages
47-56issue
1eissn
0748-7304issn
1552-4531journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A 12-hr dark period, at a temperature high enough to permit time measurement to occur, is necessary for maximal induction of larval diapause in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. In the present study, induction of diapause only occurred in a periodic environment. This was in the form of certain (1) light-dar...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873048600100205
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hibernating animals have been a successful model system for elucidating fundamental properties of many physiological systems. Over the past 50 years, a diverse literature has emerged on the role of the circadian system in control and expression of winter torpor in several orders of birds and mammals. This body of rese...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730403254971
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals of the shore crab Carcinus maenas were exposed to artificial cycles, applied in tidal antiphase, of pairs of the three major environmental variables that entrain circatidal rhythmicity in this species: salinity, temperature, and hydrostatic pressure. During entrainment, the observed locomotor activity patt...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049000500405
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In isolated slices of hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons were recorded intracellularly. Blockade of Ca++ channels increased spike duration, eliminating an early component of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed evoked spikes. The duration and reversal potential of AHPs were, however, unaffec...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049000500106
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single light episode during the first larval stage can set the phase of adult Drosophila activity rhythms, showing that a light-sensitive circadian clock is functional in larvae and is capable of keeping time throughout development. These behavioral data are supported by the finding that neurons expressing clock pro...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730403260621
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal changes in numerous aspects of mammalian immune function arise as a result of the annual variation in environmental day length (photoperiod), but it is not known if absolute photoperiod or relative change in photoperiod drives these changes. This experiment tested the hypothesis that an individual's history o...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730409349714
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In our attempts to understand the circadian system, we unavoidably rely on abstractions. Instead of describing the behavior of the circadian system in all its complexity, we try to derive basic features from which we form a global concept on how the system works. Such a basic concept is a model of reality. The author ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730405277388
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging alters numerous aspects of circadian biology, including the amplitude of rhythms generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the site of the central circadian pacemaker in mammals, and the response of the pacemaker to environmental stimuli such as light. Although previous studies have desc...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730403251802
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The large repertoire of circadian rhythms in diverse organisms depends on oscillating central clock genes, input pathways for entrainment, and output pathways for controlling rhythmic behaviors. Stress-activated p38 MAP Kinases (p38K), although sparsely investigated in this context, show circadian rhythmicity in mamma...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730414555183
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various aspects of mammalian endocrine physiology show a time-of-day variation with a period of 24 h, which represents an adaptation to the daily environmental fluctuations resulting from the rotation of the earth. These 24-h rhythms in hormone abundance and consequently hormone function may rely on rhythmic signals p...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748730415580881
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Honey bee workers care for ("nurse") the brood around the clock without circadian rhythmicity, but then they forage outside with strong circadian rhythms and a consolidated nightly rest. This chronobiological plasticity is associated with variation in the expression of the canonical "clock genes" that regulate the cir...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730411431404
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian clock controls 24-h biological rhythms in our body, influencing many time-related activities such as sleep and wake. The simplest circadian clock is found in cyanobacteria, with the proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC generating a self-sustained circadian oscillation of KaiC phosphorylation and dephosphorylati...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730419851655
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drosophila clock relies on transcriptional feedback loops that generate daily oscillations of the clock gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. In the evening, the CLOCK (CLK) and CYCLE (CYC) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) PAS-domain transcription factors activate the expression of the period (per) and timeless...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730407313817
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melatonin is secreted systemically from the pineal gland maximally at night but is also produced locally in many tissues. Its chronobiological function is mainly exerted by pineal melatonin. It is a feedback regulator of the main circadian pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei and of many peripheral osc...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730415616678
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 24-h treatment with the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) suppresses transcription of E-box-driven clock genes (D-site albumin promoter binding protein, Dbp; Tyrotroph embryonic factor, Tef ; Hepatic leukemia factor, Hlf; Period homolog to Drosophila 1/2/3, Per1, Per2, and Per3) by yet unknown molecul...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730409336579
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the omnipresence of artificial and natural light exposure, there exists little guidance in the United States and elsewhere on light exposure in terms of timing, intensity, spectrum, and other light characteristics known to affect human health, performance, and well-being; in parallel, there is little informati...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730418789506
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The measurement of circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed to be a marker of disease and an indicator of recovery. Thus, knowing the temporal pattern and influence of potential circadian rhythms is important. Although several studies have measured BDNF at different times of day...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730417693124
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about the differences in the neural substrates of circadian rhythms that are responsible for the maintenance of differences between diurnal and nocturnal patterns of activity in mammals. In both groups of animals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as the principal circadian pacemaker, and sur...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873099129000713
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temperature compensation of circadian rhythms in neuronal firing rate was investigated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of ground squirrels and rats in vitro. A reduction in SCN temperature from 37 to 25 degrees C reduced peak firing rates by > 70% in rats but only by approximately 21% in squirrels; trough firing ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049601100205
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular spike activity from three different types of visual interneurons found in the optic lobe of the giant cockroach Blaberus giganteus was recorded. The spike rate of all three types of neurons fluctuated in a circadian manner in constant darkness (DD). Two types, so-called "on" neurons (ON1 and ON2), respon...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049300800404
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using quantitative autoradiography, 2-(125)I-melatonin binding was investigated throughout the light:dark cycle in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), paraventricular nuclei (PVT), and pars tuberalis (PT) of adult female Siberian hamsters kept for 10 weeks in either long or short photoperiods (LP or SP, respectively). P...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049601100406
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The circadian timing system has three principal elements: the retina, the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Since the human circadian timing system cannot be studied experimentally, we have used another primate, the macaque monkey, to help provide insight into the or...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice homozygous for a dominant-negative allele of the Clock gene (Clock (Δ19/Δ19)) have slightly but significantly decreased male fertility. The molecular mechanism for this reduction in fertility is unknown. In the present study, we used a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) strategy to specifically knock down the Clock gene e...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730413486873
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endogenous circadian rhythm of melatonin in humans provides information regarding the resetting response of the human circadian timing system to changes in the light-dark (LD) cycle. Alterations in the LD cycle have both acute and chronic effects on the observed melatonin rhythm. Investigations to date have firmly...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/074873049701200610
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Austrovenus stutchburyi is an intertidal, burrowing, filter-feeding bivalve. It exhibits a strong, approximately tidal pattern in the time of gaping of its valves when in constant laboratory conditions. Individuals that have been held in laboratory conditions long enough to lose their overt gaping pattern will respond...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049701200208
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activity patterns are the product of interactions between an internal circadian clock and direct responses to photic and nonphotic features of the environment that are said to "mask" the influence of that clock. Evolutionary transitions between nocturnality and diurnality involve changes in mechanisms underlying both ...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730409351672
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors sought to investigate the role of phytochromes A and B (phyA and phyB) and cryptochromes 1 and 2 (cryl and cry2) in the synchronization of the leaf position rhythm in Arabidopsis thaliana. The seedlings were transferred from white light-dark cycles to free-running conditions with or without exposure to a l...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873001129002213
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian endogenous circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nuclei, receives environmental inputs, namely the light-dark cycle, through photopigments located in the eye and from melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells. The authors investigated the influence of light wavelength and intensity on the synchronizati...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748730410368244
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several authors have suggested that the transcriptional regulatory protein c-Fos might be part of the mechanism for photic entrainment of the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to environmental light:dark cycles. This hypothesis has been based on evidence gathered using single light pulses admini...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049601100104
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rhythm mutant of Drosophila melanogaster was induced by chemical mutagenesis and isolated by testing for locomotor activity rhythms, which in the new variant had periods of approximately 16 hr. The sex-linked mutation responsible for this ultrashort period causes 20-hr rhythms when heterozygous with a normal X. This...
journal_title:Journal of biological rhythms
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074873049400900303
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00