Abstract：
:Clinical metagenomics (CMg) refers to as the application of metagenomic sequencing of clinical samples in order to recover clinically-relevant information. Due to the increasing access to next-generation sequencing (NGS) facilities, CMg is a gast-growing field. In this context, we held the second International Conference on Clinical Metagenomics (ICCMg2) in Geneva in October 2017. During the two days of the conference, several aspects of CMg were addressed, which we propose to summarize in the present manuscript. Besides, we also discuss the evolution of CMg from the last conference held in 2016. In brief, many technical issues related to CMg are expected to be successfully addressed in the coming years. Conversely, assessing the clinical value of CMg, implementing a quality process, storage of data and the ethics of CMg are emerging challenges.
journal_name
Microbes Infectjournal_title
Microbes and infectionauthors
Ruppé E,Schrenzel Jdoi
10.1016/j.micinf.2018.02.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
222-227issue
4eissn
1286-4579issn
1769-714Xpii
S1286-4579(18)30049-2journal_volume
20pub_type
abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-15 is a recently described cytokine that resembles IL-2 in its biological activities, stimulating natural killer cells, T cells and B cells to proliferate, secrete cytokines, and exhibit increased cytotoxicities or produce antibody. IL-15 also exerts unique functions such as stimulation of phagocytes,...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00329-4
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Control of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is highly dependent on the ability to detect and treat infected individuals. However, a number of individuals exposed to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are able to control infection to undetectable levels in blood. They are long-term potential reservoirs and thus a threat f...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2016.03.002
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The inner ear has been regarded as an immunoprivileged site because of isolation by the blood-labyrinthine barrier. Several reports have indicated the existence of immune cells in the inner ear, but there are no reports showing immunocompetence of the cochlear tissue. In this report, we examined the potential involvem...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2013.04.008
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Helicobacter pylori activates extracellular-signal related (ERK) kinases in gastric epithelial cells, via transactivation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). H. pylori activation of EGFR may be relevant to epithelial hyperproliferation and gastric carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to develop an 'In-Cell Western' (ICW)...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2007.03.004
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mostly owes its success to its ability to evade host immune responses. Understanding viral immune escape mechanisms is a prerequisite to improve future HIV-1 vaccine design. This review focuses on the strategies that HIV-1 has evolved to evade recognition by natural killer (...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2012.05.001
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochetal bacterium Treponema pallidum, remains a global public health problem. T. pallidum is believed to be an extracellular pathogen and, as such, the identification of T. pallidum outer membrane proteins that could serve as targets for opsonic or bacterici...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2007.05.018
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mathematical models of the dynamics of HIV and hepatitis C virus infection have proven to be of great utility in understanding pathogenesis and designing better treatments. Here, we review the state of the art in modeling and interpreting data obtained from hepatitis B virus infected patients treated with antiviral ag...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01603-9
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytolytic T-cell responses from 63 normal blood donors were monitored in a Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection system in vitro. We wanted to know whether cultured dendritic cells were capable of potentiating the cytolytic T-cell responses to M. bovis BCG. Infected cultured dendritic cells were up to ten times more effec...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(99)80077-x
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages respond to infection with Legionella pneumophila by the induction of inflammatory mediators, including type I Interferons (IFN-Is). To explore whether the bacterial second messenger cyclic 3'-5' diguanylate (c-diGMP) activates some of these mediators, macrophages were infected with L. pneumophila strains i...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2011.09.002
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous study has demonstrated that IL-10 may modulate both indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and CD163 expression in lepromatous leprosy (LL) cells, favoring Mycobacterium leprae persistence through induction of regulatory pathways and iron storage. Here, we observed that in LL lesion cells there is an increase ...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2017.06.006
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vibrio cholerae induces either non-inflammatory diarrhea or inflammatory gastroenteritis, depending on the presence of cholera toxin, a fluid secretion inducer and a modulator of host immunity. In the absence of cholera toxin, other toxins induce inflammation, resulting in gastroenteritis. Thus, multiple toxins likely...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2003.08.007
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. The infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia into the lung and may develop as localized or disseminated disease depending on the depression of cellular immunity. In the present study, we observed that intratracheal infection with Paracoccidi...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2016.08.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of skin infections. We recently described an outbreak of recurrent furunculosis involving methicillin-resistant S. aureus among mentally retarded adults. We sought to determine the role of impaired neutrophil functions in its pathogenesis. Blood neutrophil functions were det...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.02.019
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans and animals are colonized by members of the genus Staphylococcus, however only some of these species evolved to cause invasive disease. The genetic basis for conversion of commensal staphylococci into pathogens is not known. We hypothesized that Staphylococcus aureus genes for coagulation and agglutination in v...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2016.12.002
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarticular brucellosis is the most frequent complication of active disease. A large amount of cells in bone are osteocytes. Since bone remodeling process is regulated by hormones we sought to study the effect of cortisol and DHEA in Brucella abortus-infected osteocytes. Cortisol treatment inhibited the expression ...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2019.01.004
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Yersiniabactin (Ybt) is a siderophore-dependent iron uptake system encoded on a pathogenicity island that is widespread among pathogenic bacteria including the Yersiniae. While biosynthesis of the siderophore has been elucidated, the secretion mechanism and a few components of the uptake/utilization pathway are uniden...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2011.04.008
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amebic colitis and occasional liver abscesses in humans, can induce host cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Recently, we have demonstrated that E. histolytica can induce cell death in neutrophils via diphenyleneiodonium-sensitive NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen s...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2011.06.001
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) is the gold standard for taxonomy and strain typing of Leishmania, but has some limitations. An alternative reliable and fast genotyping method for addressing population genetic and key epidemiological questions, is multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT). MLMT using 15 markers...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.12.009
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CCR5-tropic (R5) immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains are highly transmissible during the early stage of infection in humans, whereas CXCR4-tropic (X4) strains are less transmissible. This study aimed to explore the basis for early phase R5 and X4 HIV-1 infection in vivo by using humanized mice dually challen...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2015.02.002
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A psittacosis epidemic linked to fulmar hunting occurred on the Faroe Islands in the 1930s. This study investigates a plausible explanation to the 20% human mortality in this outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Chlamydia psittaci isolated from fulmars were closely related to the highly virulent 6BC strains fro...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2020.02.007
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that mice immunized with the mycobacterial 27-kDa lipoprotein were more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge. We also showed that 27-kDa lipoprotein abrogated the protection afforded by the BCG vaccine when administrated together, suggesting that the 27-kDa lipoprotein ...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.02.011
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Episomal expression of the major surface glycoprotein (gp63) sense and antisense mRNAs in Leishmania amazonensis was found previously to modulate the expression of this molecule as well as its infection of macrophages in vitro. Here, we evaluated the in vivo infectivity of these transfectants in BALB/c mice. Antisense...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.01.006
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A non-toxigenic tox gene-bearing (NTTB) Corynebacterium ulcerans was grown from the wound of a 61-year-old gardener and in a nasal specimen from the patient's asymptomatic dog. The two isolates were similar in terms of antibiogram, multilocus sequence typing (ST341), virulence genes, and only three SNPs were found to ...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2015.07.004
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purging HIV-1 to cure the infection in patients undergoing suppressive antiretroviral therapy requires targeting all possible viral reservoirs. Other than the memory CD4(+) T cells, several other HIV-1 reservoirs have been identified. HIV-1 infection in the brain as a reservoir is well documented, but not fully charac...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2015.05.006
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty years ago we reported the first synthetic peptide-based anti-malarial vaccine named SPf66, which conferred limited protective efficacy in large-scale human field-trials. Our efforts towards a second vaccine generation based on the rational selection of conserved high activity binding peptides (HABPs) whose crit...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2007.02.004
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article explores one of a citation classics in medical literature-Koch's postulates. It analyses their creation in the nineteenth century and their popularity in the twentieth century. As a genre of historiography, references to the postulates are anecdotes. In referring to a historical event that never happened,...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2014.08.012
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the innate counterpart of T cells. Upon infection or injury, ILCs react promptly to direct the developing immune response to the one most adapted to the threat facing the organism. Therefore, ILCs play an important role early in resistance to infection, but also to maintain homeostasis...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2018.05.003
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Novel vaccines are needed to control tuberculosis (TB), the bacterial infectious disease that together with malaria and HIV is worldwide responsible for high levels of morbidity and mortality. TB can result from the reactivation of an initially controlled latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb prote...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2011.08.011
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study established the virulence potential of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDREC) isolates from nosocomial infections in hospitalised dogs. The isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, belonged to two distinct clonal groups (CG1 and CG2) and contained a plasmid-mediated AmpC (CMY-7) beta-lactamase. CG1...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2008.10.014
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of virus-derived small RNAs (vsRNAs) has been identified as an antiviral mechanism in plants, arthropods, and nematodes. Although mammalian DNA viruses have been observed to encode functional miRNAs, whether RNA virus infection generates functional vsRNAs remains under discussion. This article reviews the mos...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2015.04.005
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
