Abstract:
:Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) is the gold standard for taxonomy and strain typing of Leishmania, but has some limitations. An alternative reliable and fast genotyping method for addressing population genetic and key epidemiological questions, is multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT). MLMT using 15 markers was applied to 91 strains of L. donovani, L. archibaldi, L. infantum and L. chagasi from major endemic regions of visceral leishmaniasis. Population structures were inferred by combination of Bayesian model-based and distance-based approaches. Six main genetically distinct populations were identified: (1) L. infantum/L. chagasi MON-1 and (2) L. infantum/L. chagasi non-MON-1, both Mediterranean region/South America; (3) L. donovani (MON-18), L. archibaldi (MON-82), L. infantum (MON-30, 81) and (4) L. donovani (MON-31, 274), L. archibaldi (MON-82, 257, 258), L. infantum (MON-267), both Sudan/Ethiopia; (5) L. donovani MON-2, India; (6) L. donovani (MON-36, 37, 38), Kenya and India. Substructures according to place and time of strain isolation were detected. The VL populations seem to be predominantly clonal with a high level of inbreeding. Allelic diversity was highest in the Mediterranean region, intermediate in Africa and lowest in India. MLMT provides a powerful tool for global taxonomic, population genetic and epidemiological studies of the L.donovani complex.
journal_name
Microbes Infectjournal_title
Microbes and infectionauthors
Kuhls K,Keilonat L,Ochsenreither S,Schaar M,Schweynoch C,Presber W,Schönian Gdoi
10.1016/j.micinf.2006.12.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-03-01 00:00:00pages
334-43issue
3eissn
1286-4579issn
1769-714Xpii
S1286-4579(07)00008-1journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Emerging evidence identifies multiple roles for nucleoside-diphosphate-kinase in host-microbe interaction. We provide the first synopsis of utilization of this molecule by various microorganisms during colonization of host tissues. Additionally, we propose novel mechanisms this effector may participate in, which could...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.10.002
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are reported in organ transplant patients in France. The epidemiological, clinical, biological, diagnostic and therapeutic features are reviewed, based on these cases and 46 cases reported in the literature. VL was most commonly associated with renal transplantation (77%...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.06.002
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differentiation and survival of developing alpha beta thymocytes depends on effective T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling upon recognition of self peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule ligands. Although this concept is uniformly accepted with regard to immature thymocytes, there are conflicting repor...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01571-x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro cell culture models used to study how Salmonella initiates disease at the intestinal epithelium would benefit from the recognition that organs and tissues function in a three-dimensional (3-D) environment and that this spatial context is necessary for development of cultures that more realistically resemble i...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.02.020
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translocation of normally non-pathogenic bacteria across the gut may drive inflammatory responses associated with sepsis and inflammatory bowel disease. Recent evidence suggests translocation may not be purely passive, but occurs via novel transcellular pathways activated in enterocytes by inflammatory and metabolic s...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2008.01.001
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the roles of the regulatory molecules glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related protein (GITR) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in murine infection with the nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis. Expression of GITR and CTLA-4 was rapidly upregulated on cells in the mes...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.08.013
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaerobic bacteria can cause a variety of endogenous infections in children. Because of their fastidious nature, they are difficult to isolate from infectious sites, and are often overlooked. Anaerobic infections can occur in all body sites, including the central nervous system, oral cavity, head and neck, chest, abdo...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01656-8
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria meningitidis, an exclusive pathogen of humans, remains the leading worldwide cause of meningitis and fatal sepsis, usually in otherwise healthy individuals. In recent years, significant advances have improved our understanding of the epidemiology and genetic basis of meningococcal disease and led to progress...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00356-7
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-component regulatory systems play an important role in bacterial virulence. We report that mutation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene designated retS (previously designated fimK; accession number PA4856) encoding a putative hybrid two-component regulator, attenuates multiple virulence mechanisms. The retS mutant wa...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.017
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxoplasma IgG and IgA, but not IgM, antibody titers were significantly higher in immunocompetent mice with cerebral proliferation of tachyzoites during the chronic stage of infection than those treated with sulfadiazine to inhibit the parasite growth. Their IgG and IgA antibody titers correlated significantly with th...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2010.07.016
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we compared the B cell response of BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice during Cryptococcus neoformans infection. This response was investigated using virulent serotype D forms of mating types alpha and a (MAT alpha and MAT a). C57Bl/6 mice showed massive (mainly cerebral) infection by both types, while BALB/...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.09.009
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intramuscular immunization with DNA vaccines has been shown to induce a broad range of immune responses and protective immunity in many animal models, but it is less effective in primates. One reason for this may be the low expression of vector-encoded antigen in cells. Here we report that the use of vaccine vector (p...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.06.010
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that mice immunized with the mycobacterial 27-kDa lipoprotein were more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge. We also showed that 27-kDa lipoprotein abrogated the protection afforded by the BCG vaccine when administrated together, suggesting that the 27-kDa lipoprotein ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.02.011
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flaviviruses enter their host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, a well-orchestrated process of receptor recognition, penetration and uncoating. Recent findings on these early steps in the life cycle of flaviviruses are the focus of this review. ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2010.09.005
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the Vif protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is essential for viral replication in non-permissive cells, it is rapidly degraded intracellularly. We have previously suggested that the rapid turn-over of Vif is biologically meaningful to prevent detrimental effects of this protein at high express...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2004.04.011
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physiopathology of Chagas' disease has been largely defined in murine infections with virulent strains which partially represent parasite diversity. This report reviews our studies with Sylvio X10/4 parasites, a Trypanosoma cruzi clone that induces no acute phase but in C3H/He mice leads to chronic myocarditis res...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.07.011
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motility is essential for Helicobacter pylori colonization. This review discusses the biochemistry, genetics and genomics of the H. pylori flagellum, and compares these features with well-characterized bacteria. ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(00)01274-0
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matrix metalloproteinases constitute a family of structurally related endopeptidases that are crucial for the normal turnover of the extracellular matrix. Elevated levels of MMP-9 have been demonstrated in synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and a correlation with the severity of the disease has been des...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.01.001
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host defense requires the maturation and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and the induction of pyroptotic cell death, which depends on the activation of inflammatory Caspases within inflammasomes by innate immune cells. Several cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2013.04.001
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported prolonged HIV-1 transcriptional gene silencing by an RNA duplex targeting a sequence located within the NF-kappaB binding motif of the HIV-1 promoter in a susceptible HeLa cell line. Here we report extremely prolonged suppression of productive HIV-1 infection in a T-cell line (Molt-4) by a retro...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.02.003
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::African trypanosomes (prototype: Trypanosoma brucei) are flagellated protozoan parasites that infect a wide variety of mammals, causing nagana in cattle and sleeping sickness in humans. These organisms can cause prolonged chronic infections due to their ability to successively expose different antigenic variants of th...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.10.002
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the thymic and peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets in BALB/c mice undergoing acute or chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection, in terms of expression of particular Vbeta rearrangements of the T-cell receptor. We first confirmed the severe depletion of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes following acute T. cruzi infection....
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00156-4
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar preferentially utilized by Brucella spp. The presence of erythritol in the placentas of goats, cows, and pigs has been used to explain the localization of Brucella to these sites and the subsequent accumulation of large amounts of bacteria, eventually leading to abortion. Here we show...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2013.02.002
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxin B, an exotoxin produced by the anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria Clostridium difficile, is responsible for pseudomembranous colitis in humans. It deeply modifies morphology of cultured cells and enhances their membrane surface area, which suggests a possible alteration of membrane receptor distribution. Since tox...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(99)00247-6
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined various HIV-1 Vif mutants for interaction with APOBEC3 proteins (A3G/A3F). All replication-defective proviral mutants were found to carry A3G/A3F in virions, and of these, a replication-defective mutant with Vif that binds to A3G in cells but not in virions was noted. Furthermore, a mutant Vif protein that...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.11.007
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::CCR5-tropic (R5) immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains are highly transmissible during the early stage of infection in humans, whereas CXCR4-tropic (X4) strains are less transmissible. This study aimed to explore the basis for early phase R5 and X4 HIV-1 infection in vivo by using humanized mice dually challen...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2015.02.002
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strongyloides venezuelensis migrates through the lungs and induces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The present study evaluated the role of C-fibers in mediating airway inflammation and AHR after infection of rats with S. venezuelensis. Neonatal treatment with capsaicin effectively depleted sensory nerves. This was a...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2008.11.015
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis and chronic sequelae, such as reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), are known to follow uncomplicated infections. While little is known about reactive arthritis following Campylobacter infection, our knowledge on the pat...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01553-8
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an arbovirus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. It is maintained in a zoonotic cycle involving pigs, ardeid birds and Culex species of mosquitoes. Humans are accidental/dead end hosts of JEV infection because they cannot sustain high viral titers. Factors affecting the clinical ...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2011.01.002
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Otitis media (OM) is a highly prevalent paediatric disease with both bacterial and viral triggers of infection. This study has investigated how combinations of bacteria associated with nasal colonisation and the occurrence and absence of viral infection (Sendai virus) induce OM in a mouse nasal colonisation model. The...
journal_title:Microbes and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.03.001
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00