Abstract：
:Otitis media (OM) is a highly prevalent paediatric disease with both bacterial and viral triggers of infection. This study has investigated how combinations of bacteria associated with nasal colonisation and the occurrence and absence of viral infection (Sendai virus) induce OM in a mouse nasal colonisation model. The respiratory virus significantly contributed to bacterial OM for all bacterial combinations (p<0.001). Streptococcus pneumoniae consistently dominated as the causative bacterium of OM and when co-infected with S. pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis more significantly affected pneumococcal OM than did non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (p<0.001) by increasing the incidence rate, infection bacterial load and duration of infection. Nitric oxide levels in the middle ear, an indicator of inflammation, peaked at day 3 in single bacterium groups, but at day 1 in mixed bacterial groups and was produced in all bacteria inoculated groups even in the absence of viable bacterial recovery. Phagocytic cells were recruited rapidly to the ear following nasal inoculation but over time their numbers did not correlate with persistence of bacterial infection. The study has shown that the composition of bacteria in the nasal cavity and respiratory viral infection significantly affected the OM incidence rate, duration of infection and bacterial load (severity).
journal_name
Microbes Infectjournal_title
Microbes and infectionauthors
Krishnamurthy A,McGrath J,Cripps AW,Kyd JMdoi
10.1016/j.micinf.2009.03.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
545-53issue
5eissn
1286-4579issn
1769-714Xpii
S1286-4579(09)00040-9journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Phocid herpesvirus virus type 2 (PhHV-2), a putative gammaherpesvirus of seals, has been isolated from harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). In the present study, different PhHV-2 isolates were shown to have a broad in vitro tropism for various cell types from several mammalian species. In...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2015.09.012
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(99)80063-x
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2020.08.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Onchocerca volvulus is a tissue-invasive parasitic nematode causing skin and eye pathology in human onchocerciasis. The filariae habour abundant intracellular Wolbachia bacteria, now recognised as obligatory symbionts, and therefore emerging as a novel target for chemotherapy. Recent research demonstrates that both th...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2003.11.003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2005.01.012
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toll-like receptors recognize specific patterns of microbial components and regulate the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. TLR4 recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in monocytes/macrophages with the help of other molecules like CD14 and MD-2, which indicates that the functional LPS receptor forms a large...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2004.05.010
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2012.10.007
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00304-x
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.018
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, many questions about its epidemiology and transmission remain unanswered. Whereas traditional theory postulates that the disease results from reactivation of laten...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01514-3
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in addition to acute hepatitis. The HCV genome encodes two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2. To investigate the role of E1 and E2 in HCV infection, we used a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), VSVdeltaG*, harbori...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2004.09.006
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2004.11.007
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repetitive exposure of macrophages to microbial antigen is known to tolerize them to further stimulation and to inhibit proinflammatory cytokine release. Using transgenic (Tg) mice that incorporate the entire HIV-1 genome we have previously shown that toll like receptor (TLR)-2, -4, and -9 ligands induced tolerance as...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.06.002
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial agent of sexually transmitted disease world-wide. Chlamydia trachomatis primarily infects epithelial cells of the genital tract but the infection may be associated with ascending infection. Infection-associated inflammation can cau...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2018.02.007
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Episomal expression of the major surface glycoprotein (gp63) sense and antisense mRNAs in Leishmania amazonensis was found previously to modulate the expression of this molecule as well as its infection of macrophages in vitro. Here, we evaluated the in vivo infectivity of these transfectants in BALB/c mice. Antisense...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.01.006
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously, we demonstrated that Valpha14+ NKT cells and IFN-gamma are important upstream components in neutrophil-mediated host defense against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the present study, we extended these findings by elucidating the role of IFN-gamma in this Valpha14+ NKT cell-promoted process. Ad...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.12.003
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neisseria meningitidis is an opportunistic human pathogen that usually colonizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa asymptomatically. Upon invasion into the blood and central nervous system, this bacterium triggers a fulminant inflammatory reaction with the manifestations of septicemia and meningitis, causing high morbidity an...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2015.09.025
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pathogenic Leptospira species are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a global zoonotic infectious disease. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules have been confirmed as stress-response elements that induce prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell-growth arrest or death, but their role in the virulence of Leptospira has not been repo...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2014.10.010
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two strains of mice selected according to extreme phenotypes of susceptibility and resistance to oral tolerance (TS and TR mice, respectively) were infected with 1 x 10(7) Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and studied comparatively. TS mice developed a minor pathology while permitting parasite growth with the prese...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2005.09.018
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The manipulation hypothesis states a parasite may alter host behaviour for its own benefit, often by enhancing its transmission rate through the food chain. This paper reviews studies on the potential impact of one parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, on host behaviour, both on rodents, where altered responses may be proposed...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01459-9
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
