Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause: Pathophysiology, Clinical and Diagnostic Significance.

abstract：:Biomarkers are increasingly employed in empirical studies of human populations to understand physiological processes that change with age, diseases whose onset appears linked to age, and the aging process itself. In this chapter, we describe some of the most commonly used biomarkers in population aging research, inclu...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Crimmins E,Vasunilashorn S,Kim JK,Alley D

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease occurs in significant percentage of general population. NAFLD is closely associated with entire spectrum of metabolic-related disorders including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Considering several similar pathways underpinning metabol...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Shabani P,Emamgholipour S,Doosti M

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular receptor for urokinase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays a central role in localizing its ligand, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and thereby the plasminogen activation to the cell surface. uPA converts the proenzyme plasminogen to plasmin, which is involved in degrada...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Høyer-Hansen G,Lund IK

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) represent a heterogeneous family of autoantibodies directed against structural endothelial proteins, as well as antigens adhering to endothelial cells. Although AECA immunoassays still show a high-interlaboratory variability, several findings suggest a pathogenic role of these a...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Alessandri C,Bombardieri M,Valesini G

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress is characterized by imbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. Two main antioxidant systems exist. The nonenzymatic system relies on molecules to directly quench ROS and the enzymatic system is composed of specific enzymes that detoxify ROS. Among the latter, the sup...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Bresciani G,da Cruz IB,González-Gallego J

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms postulated to link folate and B12 metabolism with cancer, including genome-wide hypomethylation, gene-specific promoter hypermethylation, and DNA uracil misincorporation, have been observed in prostate tumor cells. However, epidemiological studies of prostate cancer risk, based on dietary intakes and blood ...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Collin SM

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is the most common and widely known as serious complication of pregnancy. As this syndrome is a major leading cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity/mortality worldwide, many studies have sought to identify candidate molecules as potential disease biomarkers (DBMs) f...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Araki Y,Yanagida M

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Part II of this review we consider the very common case of multiple inputs to a measurement process. We derive, using only elementary steps and the basic mathematics covered in Part I, the formula for the propagation of uncertainties from the inputs to the output. The Gaussian density distribution is briefly explai...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Frenkel RB,Farrance I

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione (GSH), often referred to as "the master antioxidant," participates not only in antioxidant defense systems, but many metabolic processes, and therefore its role cannot be overstated. GSH deficiency causes cellular risk for oxidative damage and thus as expected, GSH imbalance is observed in a wide range of ...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Teskey G,Abrahem R,Cao R,Gyurjian K,Islamoglu H,Lucero M,Martinez A,Paredes E,Salaiz O,Robinson B,Venketaraman V

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently circularized RNA moieties that despite being relatively abundant were only recently identified and have only begun to be investigated within the last couple of years. Even though there are many thousands of genes that appear capable of producing circRNAs, and the fact that many ...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Solé C,Lawrie CH

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aggressive behavior exerts an enormous impact on society remaining among the main causes of worldwide premature death. Effective primary interventions, relying on predictive models of aggression that show adequate sensitivity and specificity are currently lacking. One strategy to increase the accuracy and precision of...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Manchia M,Comai S,Pinna M,Pinna F,Fanos V,Denovan-Wright E,Carpiniello B

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review examines in vitro and in vivo studies, indicating that bilirubin inhibits lipid oxidation and oxygen radical formation. Experimental and epidemiological evidence is presented that suggests that bilirubin may serve as a physiological antioxidant providing protection against cardiovascular disease. Special a...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Franchini M,Targher G,Lippi G

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This monograph on the clinical chemistry of vitamin B12 reviews the literature on daily requirements, methods for measurement, the effects of drugs on vitamin B12 metabolism absorption, pregnancy, clinical conditions associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, errors of metabolism, and reactions to vitamin therapy. Altho...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Davis RE

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is now substantial evidence for the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in causation and prevention of cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) were considered attractive candidate chemoprevention agents; however, concerns over the toxicity of systemic selective inhibition have cast some doubt on COX-2 inhibition ...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Kanaoka S,Takai T,Yoshida K

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disorder worldwide, encompasses a spectrum of abnormal liver histology ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Population studies show that NAFLD is strongly associated with insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 d...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Armutcu F,Akyol S,Ucar F,Erdogan S,Akyol O

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metaproteomics, as a subfield of proteomics, has quickly emerged as a pivotal tool for global characterization of a microbiome system at a functional level. It has been increasingly applied in studying human digestive and metabolic diseases, and provides information-rich data to identify the dysbiosis of human gut mic...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Pan S,Chen R

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Publication of the human proteome has prompted efforts to develop high-throughput techniques that can catalogue and quantify proteins and peptides present in different tissue types. The field of proteomics aims to identify, quantify, analyze, and functionally define a large number of proteins in cellular processes in ...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Sigdel TK,Klassen RB,Sarwal MM

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepsis is the primary cause of death in the intensive care unit. The prevention of sepsis complications requires an early and accurate diagnosis as well as the appropriate mon itoring. A deep knowledge of the immunologic basis of sepsis is essential to better understand the scope of incorporating a new marker into cli...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Prieto B,Alvarez Menéndez FV

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to their historical role, autoantibodies appear promising as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis, improve patient outcome and decrease mortality in cancer. Autoantibodies may also be useful in the identification of subjects at risk for cancer, that is, those bearing premalignant changes. Numerous studies ha...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Fernández-Madrid F,Maroun MC

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human adults produce around 1000 mmol of ammonia daily. Some is reutilized in biosynthesis. The remainder is waste and neurotoxic. Eventually most is excreted in urine as urea, together with ammonia used as a buffer. In extrahepatic tissues, ammonia is incorporated into nontoxic glutamine and released into blood. Larg...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Walker V

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolomics is the quantitative analysis of a large number of low molecular weight metabolites that are intermediate or final products of all the metabolic pathways in a living organism. Any metabolic profiles detectable in a human biological fluid are caused by the interaction between gene expression and the environ...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Noto A,Fanos V,Dessì A

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deregulated DNA replication occurs in cancer where it contributes to genomic instability. This process is a target of cytotoxic therapies. Chemotherapies exploit high DNA replication in cancer cells by modifying the DNA template or by inhibiting vital enzymatic activities that lead to slowing or stalling replication f...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Kotsantis P,Jones RM,Higgs MR,Petermann E

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatase is a specific component of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system that is responsible for the transformation of C19 androgen precursors into C18 estrogenic compounds. This enzyme is encoded by the CYP19A1 gene located at chromosome 15q21.2, that is expressed in ovary and testis not only but also in many extraglan...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Gennari L,Merlotti D,Nuti R

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During winter hibernation, small mammals fall into long periods of deep cold torpor where metabolic rate is suppressed by > 90% and core body temperature can fall to near 0 degrees C. Studies with hibernators illustrate the molecular regulatory mechanisms that coordinate the suppression of metabolic functions during t...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Storey KB,Storey JM

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific nucleic acid detection in vitro or in vivo has become increasingly important in the discovery of genetic diseases, diagnosing pathogen infection and monitoring disease treatment. One challenge, however, is that the amount of target nucleic acid in specimens is limited. Furthermore, direct sensing methods are ...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Zhou H,Liu J,Xu JJ,Zhang S,Chen HY

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary role of the clinical laboratory is to report accurate results for diagnosis of disease and management of illnesses. This goal has, to a large extent been achieved for routine biochemical tests, but not for immunoassays which remained susceptible to interference from endogenous immunoglobulin antibodies, ca...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Ismail AA

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely aggressive tumor which develops in the epithelial lining of the lungs. Exposure to asbestos is the most influential risk factor for developing this disease. Despite recent advances in the treatment of other types of cancer, patients with mesothelioma currently face ...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Rodríguez Portal JA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microfluidics is an emerging field in diagnostics that allows for extremely precise fluid control and manipulation, enabling rapid and high-throughput sample processing in integrated micro-scale medical systems. These platforms are well-suited for both standard clinical settings and point-of-care applications. The uni...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Burklund A,Tadimety A,Nie Y,Hao N,Zhang JXJ

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recognition that cardiac myocytes die by multiple mechanisms and thus substantially affect ventricular remodeling in diseased human hearts supports the concept of ongoing myocyte death in the progression of heart failure and constitutes the basis of this review. In addition, based on the pathophysiology of myocard...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Kostin S

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to its importance both in the clearance of pathogens that contribute as rheumatic etiological agents and in the disposal of apoptotic bodies and potential autoimmune initiators, deficiencies of the components of the lectin pathway of complement have been found to increase susceptibility and modulate the severity o...

journal_title：Advances in clinical chemistry

authors： Boldt AB,Goeldner I,de Messias-Reason IJ

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00