Abstract：
:Alopecia areata is a common hair loss condition that is characterized by acute onset of non-scarring hair loss in usually sharply defined areas ranging from small patches to extensive or less frequently diffuse involvement. Depending on its acuity and extent, hair loss is an important cause of anxiety and disability. The current understanding is that the condition represents an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle with a genetic background. Genome-wide association studies provide evidence for the involvement of both innate and acquired immunity in the pathogenesis, and mechanistic studies in mouse models of alopecia areata have specifically implicated an IFN-γ-driven immune response, including IFNγ, IFNγ-induced chemokines and cytotoxic CD8 T cells as the main drivers of disease pathogenesis. A meta-analysis of published trials on treatment of alopecia areata states that only few treatments have been well evaluated in randomized trials. Nevertheless, depending on patient age, affected surface area and disease duration, an empiric treatment algorithm can be designed with corticosteroids and topical immunotherapy remaining the mainstay of therapy. The obviously limited success of evidence-based therapies points to a more important complexity of hair loss. At the same time, the complexity of pathogenesis offers opportunities for the development of novel targeted therapies. New treatment opportunities based on the results of genome-wide association studies that implicate T cell and natural killer cell activation pathways are paving the way to new approaches in future clinical trials. Currently, there are ongoing studies with the CTLA4-Ig fusion protein abatacept, anti-IL15Rβ monoclonal antibodies and the Janus kinase inhibitors tofacitinib, ruxolitinib and baricitinib. Ultimately, the options available for adapting to the disease rather than treating it in an effort to cure may also be taken into consideration in selected cases of long-standing or recurrent small spot disease.
journal_name
Clin Rev Allergy Immunoljournal_title
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunologyauthors
Trüeb RM,Dias MFRGdoi
10.1007/s12016-017-8620-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-01 00:00:00pages
68-87issue
1eissn
1080-0549issn
1559-0267pii
10.1007/s12016-017-8620-9journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Eosinophils can regulate local and systemic inflammation, and their presence in higher numbers appears to play an important role in the pathology of various atopic and inflammatory diseases. Eosinophil maturation, recruitment, and survival depend on several cytokine regulators, including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-4, and ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:28:2:147
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-007-8036-z
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:25:2:115
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12016-007-8026-1
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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doi：10.1007/s12016-007-8016-3
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-020-08804-7
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:31:2:143
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-019-08754-9
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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doi：10.1007/s12016-017-8662-z
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-019-08736-x
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02737633
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-016-8571-6
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-016-8587-y
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
