Spirometry.

abstract：:Food allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition with no approved curative therapy. A number of food allergen immunotherapies are being investigated in phase II/III trials; however, these are limited in their ability to restore immune tolerance to food allergens and often result in high rates of allergic side ...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Virkud YV,Wang J,Shreffler WG

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease that causes episodic attacks of subcutaneous and submucosal edema, which can be painful, incapacitating, and potentially fatal. These attacks are mediated by excessive bradykinin production, as a result of uncontrolled activation of the plasma kallikrein/kinin system, whic...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Fijen LM,Bork K,Cohn DM

更新日期：2021-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:As summarized in Table 1, the literature consistently supports the hypothesis that allergic asthmatic patients have seasonal BHR changes that parallel allergen exposure. These seasonal changes appear to be preventable by treatment with corticosteroids (systemic, inhaled, or nasal), disodium cromoglycate, and immunothe...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Tilles SA,Bardana EJ Jr

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a central regulator of inflammation, and TNF-α antagonists may be effective in treating inflammatory disorders in which TNF-α plays a major pathogenic role. TNF-α has also been associated with inflammatory mechanisms related to implantation, placentation, and pregnancy outcome. TNF-α...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Alijotas-Reig J,Esteve-Valverde E,Ferrer-Oliveras R,Llurba E,Gris JM

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate in the cold. They come in different flavours and, as such, are differentially associated with lymphoproliferative diseases (type I), or systemic autoimmune diseases, and/or infectious diseases (type II/III). The clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinaemia ...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Damoiseaux J,Cohen Tervaert JW

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The functions of macrophages that lead to effective host responses are critical for protection against Staphylococcus aureus. Deep tissue-invading S. aureus initially countered by macrophages trigger macrophage accumulation and induce inflammatory responses through surface receptors, especially toll-like receptor 2 (T...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Wang YC,Ma HD,Yin XY,Wang YH,Liu QZ,Yang JB,Shi QH,Sun B,Gershwin ME,Lian ZX

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been shown that many hereditary motor neuron diseases are caused by mutation of RNA processing enzymes. Survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) is well-known as a causative gene for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and mutations of glycyl- and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases are identified as a cause of distal SMA and Charcot-...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Satoh M,Ceribelli A,Chan EK

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) remains a clinical challenge based on the incomplete specificity and sensitivity rates of current non-invasive tests. Furthermore, histological assessments fail to identify all overt cases and, in particular, do not manifest pathognomonic alterations in silent cases. Accordingly, t...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Matthias T,Pfeiffer S,Selmi C,Eric Gershwin M

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The last 5 years have seen the emergence and establishment of antibodies to citrullinated antigens as the diagnostic marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Initially, these were detected using a synthetic peptide, which has undergone a number of modifications to give a diagnostic test with a sensitivity of 65...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Poulsom H,Charles PJ

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic cholestatic disease of the liver and bile ducts that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, generally leads to end-stage liver disease, and is complicated by malignancies of the biliary tree and the large intestine. The pathogenesis of PSC remains enigmati...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Beuers U,Kullak-Ublick GA,Pusl T,Rauws ER,Rust C

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Zika virus outbreaks highlight the growing importance need for a reliable, specific and rapid diagnostic device to detect Zika virus, as it is often recognized as a mild disease without being identified. Many Zika virus infection cases have been misdiagnosed or underreported because of the non-specific clinical pr...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Maharajan MK,Ranjan A,Chu JF,Foo WL,Chai ZX,Lau EY,Ye HM,Theam XJ,Lok YL

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Air pollution is defined as the presence of noxious substances in the air at levels that impose a health hazard. Thus, there has been long-standing interest in the possible role of indoor and outdoor air pollutants on the development of respiratory disease. In this regard, asthma has been of particular interest but ma...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Hassoun Y,James C,Bernstein DI

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and is central to many physiological processes, including immune system activation and maintenance. Studies continue to reveal the intricacies of calcium signalling within the immune system. Perhaps the most well-understood mechanism of calcium influx into cells i...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Froghi S,Grant CR,Tandon R,Quaglia A,Davidson B,Fuller B

更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic diseases are surprisingly common, chronic health conditions. The primary location where the vast majority of people are exposed to allergens and other substances is in their home. This means it is important to understand home environments and how a home's systems function and interact-and that how we occupy t...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Kennedy K,Allenbrand R,Bowles E

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although allergic asthma was described to be associated with the presence of mucosal T helper (Th)2 cells, it is not entirely clear which factors are responsible for priming of T cells to differentiate into Th2 effector cells in this disease. Interleukin (IL)-6 has been recognized as important because it is secreted b...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Doganci A,Sauer K,Karwot R,Finotto S

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bronchiolitis is a common, acute, contagious lower respiratory tract illness of infants and young children. The majority of cases are secondary to respiratory syncytial virus. There are a number of risk factors for severe disease, including children less than six weeks of age and patients with atopy and/or asthma. The...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Jhawar S

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review includes a variety of extremely rare and unusual hymenoptera sting (HS) circumstances with regard to sting localization, geographic region, massivity of multiple stings, and particularly related to clinical symptoms. Such reactions occur in a temporal relationship to HS (s), differ from typical allergic sy...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Mingomataj EÇ,Bakiri AH,Ibranji A,Sturm GJ

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory condition primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract. It includes Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and a less common phenotype-indeterminate colitis. It is thought to result from a complex interplay of environmental, microbial...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Clarke K,Chintanaboina J

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Legumes belonging to Fabaceae family of the order Fabales are a rich and important source of proteins and many essential elements. Due to its nutritious elements, these are preferably included in human diet in most part of the world. But, unfortunately, IgE binding proteins have been identified in majority of legumes,...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Verma AK,Kumar S,Das M,Dwivedi PD

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Atherosclerosis is a disease of the vascular wall, which predominantly affects large and medium-sized arteries. It represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. In the last few decades, it has been clearly shown that immune system plays a relevant role in atherogenesis. The effectors of b...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Bassi N,Zampieri S,Ghirardello A,Tonon M,Zen M,Cozzi F,Doria A

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:12/15-Lipoxygenase is a highly regulated lipid-peroxidating enzyme whose expression and arachidonic acid metabolites are implicated in several important inflammatory conditions including airway and glomerular inflammation as well as atherosclerosis. Tissue expression of the original 12/15-lipoxygenase is well characte...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Conrad DJ

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma is a chronic immunological disease affecting all age groups, but often starting in childhood. Although it has long been ascribed to a single pathology, recent studies have highlighted its heterogeneity due to the potential involvement of various pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we present our current understanding ...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Victor JR,Lezmi G,Leite-de-Moraes M

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several factors have been associated with the development of asthma and asthma-related morbidity and mortality. Exposures in the environment such as allergens and air pollutants have traditionally been linked to the risk of asthma and asthma outcomes. More recent literature has identified chronic psychosocial stress a...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Barnthouse M,Jones BL

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antityrosinase antibody is a newly detected antibody in the sera of patients with melanoma or vitiligo. The serum level of the antibody is measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The autoantigen is tyrosinase itself, the enzyme that participates in pigment (melanin) formation by both melanocytes and mel...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Merimsky O,Shoenfeld Y,Fishman P

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acid anhydrides are used by chemical industries as plasticizers. Trimellitic acid (TMA) is an acid anhydride widely utilized in factories to produce paints, varnishes, and plastics. In addition to causing direct irritant effects, TMA can augment antibody responses in exposed factory workers leading to occupational ast...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Ghosh D,Bernstein JA

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pruritus, fatigue, and metabolic bone disease are frequent complications of cholestatic liver diseases, which can be quite distressing for the patient and can considerably reduce the quality of life. The molecular pathogenesis of these extrahepatic manifestations of cholestasis is poorly understood, and hypotheses to ...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Pusl T,Beuers U

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the relative contributions of T cells and B cells in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are far from being settled, recent studies have suggested a crucial role for B cells in its pathophysiology. Early investigations have focused on the ability of B cells to produce autoantibodies, and new studies have enlarged the ran...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Youinou P,Devauchelle V,Hutin P,Le Berre R,Saraux A,Pers JO

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a rare inflammatory liver disease for which ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Patients with a biochemical response to UDCA therapy have a similar survival rate compared to the general population. However, up to 40% of P...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Floreani A,Franceschet I,Perini L,Cazzagon N,Gershwin ME,Bowlus CL

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The critical asthma syndrome (CAS) encompasses the most severe, persistent, refractory asthma patients for the clinician to manage. Personalized pharmacotherapy is necessary to prevent the next acute severe asthma exacerbation, not just the control of symptoms. The 2007 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Albertson TE,Schivo M,Gidwani N,Kenyon NJ,Sutter ME,Chan AL,Louie S

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skin tests by prick technique offer considerable guidance in the diagnosis of food allergy. Negative prick skin tests are powerful evidence against food allergy. Positive food skin tests are slightly to moderately predictive of reaction to a food on DBPCFC. Oral food challenge is necessary for confirmation of food all...

journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology

authors： Williams LW,Bock SA

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00