Abstract：
:During the last decade, B regulatory cells are appreciated to have a central role in preventing autoimmunity and maintaining self-tolerance. They are characterized by expressing different phenotypic markers and the production of either IL-10 or TGF-β or both. The recent recognition of Fas ligand expressing B regulatory cells as "killer" cells established their role in maintaining viral persistence by preventing effective antiviral immune responses. The forkhead lineage-transcription factor (FoxP3) was considered for many years to be a highly specific intracellular regulatory marker of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. The possibility of FoxP3 being expressed in B regulatory cells was suggested in many studies. Though controversial, FoxP3 expression was also reported in macrophages and cancer cells. Aiming to avoid artifact staining, many researchers required the usage of FoxP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and PCR in order to prove a true expression of FoxP3 in these different cells. In addition, most studies' report on that FoxP3 expression in all abovementioned cells is related to their status of activation since naïve (non-activated cells) were found poorly FoxP3 expressing. In this review, we present the existing data on FoxP3 expression in non-T-regulatory cells, but we suggest that further studies are needed to better establish this concept.
journal_name
Clin Rev Allergy Immunoljournal_title
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunologyauthors
Vadasz Z,Toubi Edoi
10.1007/s12016-016-8572-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-01 00:00:00pages
364-372issue
3eissn
1080-0549issn
1559-0267pii
10.1007/s12016-016-8572-5journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Beta-agonists have clearly demonstrated benefits for the treatment of both acute and chronic asthma. Therefore, it is perhaps surprising that many of the articles in this issue have focused on concerns about their safety. Much of this concern can be traced back to the "beta-agonist controversy"--the association of hig...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1385/criai:31:2:279
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glatiramer acetate (GA) significantly ameliorates multiple sclerosis and was initially discovered through its effects on the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a relatively common demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves for which there is a parallel animal...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12016-010-8246-7
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Omalizumab is a humanized mouse monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the constant region of the immunoglobulin (Ig)E heavy chain. Omalizumab exerts its effects by reducing free serum IgE levels and FcepsilonRI expression on several cell types. These effects have been shown to result in decreased airway infla...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:29:1:003
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Airway remodeling is an established feature of asthma. Histologic examination is essential in the assessment of remodeling that is a pathologic concept. Examinations of autopsied or resected lung have enabled detailed morphologic and morphometric studies and have provided fundamental knowledge of airway remodeling in ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:27:1:045
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare multisystem autoinflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. AOSD is generally characterized by high spiking fever, arthralgia or arthritis, skin rash, leukocytosis, and hyperferritinemia. Traditionally, AOSD has been treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cortic...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-019-08747-8
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The critical asthma syndrome (CAS) encompasses the most severe, persistent, refractory asthma patients for the clinician to manage. Personalized pharmacotherapy is necessary to prevent the next acute severe asthma exacerbation, not just the control of symptoms. The 2007 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-013-8393-8
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contact dermatitis accounts for 95% of occupational skin disorders. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is often caused by cumulative exposure to weak irritants, accounting for 80% of all cases of contact dermatitis. ICD can co-exist with atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Patients with AD and...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-018-8713-0
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease that causes episodic attacks of subcutaneous and submucosal edema, which can be painful, incapacitating, and potentially fatal. These attacks are mediated by excessive bradykinin production, as a result of uncontrolled activation of the plasma kallikrein/kinin system, whic...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-021-08832-x
更新日期：2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is an essential part of the definition of asthma. Although our understanding of the allergic inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms of asthma have markedly increased, the mechanism of BHR remains to be elucidated. Increased BHR is associated temporally with exposure to allergens, c...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:24:1:85
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The provider's ability to judge the severity of a patient's illness is a vital part of the care of chronic disorders. In the treatment of asthma, it should extend beyond the objectively quantifiable measures of obstruction or inflammation. "Interference with activities of daily living" is a highly subjective assessmen...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:29:2:159
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the implementation of vaccination programs and the use of antibiotics, developed countries have seen a decline in infection-related pediatric bronchiectasis. However, significant morbidity from bronchiectasis is still seen and both infectious and noninfectious causes of bronchiectasis in the pediatric population ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-007-8036-z
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:AECAs have been found in 26% of patients with uveoretinitis in studies arising from three different laboratories, and their presence cannot simply be explained by coexisting extraocular disease. There is little correlation with ocular disease activity or other markers of systemic inflammation and vascular damage that ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02828276
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common inherited form of dyslipidemia and a major cause of premature cardiovascular disease. Management of FH mainly relies on the efficiency of treatments that reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been sugg...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-017-8611-x
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) conceptually may be divided into three evolutionary stages: allostimulation, effector cell homing to specific tissues, and cellular targeting and injury. Surprisingly, little is known regarding the targeting stage of GVHD. Recently, we have learned that epithelial target cell inj...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-007-0028-5
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many immune-mediated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and food allergy appeared to have increased in frequency in developed countries in the latter part of the twentieth century. Reports from less developed countries suggest that the "epidemic" of immune-mediated d...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-014-8458-3
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced bone mineral density is frequently found especially in adult celiac disease (CD) and dietary guidelines favor vitamin D supplementation in adults and children with CD. Vitamin D serum levels were investigated in CD populations in order to challenge its routine supplementation. Israeli (61), Spanish (59), CD ch...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12016-010-8237-8
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In inflammatory rheumatic disorders, the immune system attacks and damages the connective tissues and invariably internal organs. During the past decade, remarkable advances having been made towards our understanding on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in rheumatic diseases. The discovery of IL-23/IL-17 ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-020-08823-4
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:12/15-Lipoxygenase is a highly regulated lipid-peroxidating enzyme whose expression and arachidonic acid metabolites are implicated in several important inflammatory conditions including airway and glomerular inflammation as well as atherosclerosis. Tissue expression of the original 12/15-lipoxygenase is well characte...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02737598
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate in the cold. They come in different flavours and, as such, are differentially associated with lymphoproliferative diseases (type I), or systemic autoimmune diseases, and/or infectious diseases (type II/III). The clinical manifestations of cryoglobulinaemia ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-013-8390-y
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pemphigus is a group of rare, potentially devastating autoimmune diseases of the skin and mucous membranes with high morbidity and potentially lethal outcome. The major clinical variant, pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is caused by a loss of intercellular adhesion of epidermal keratinocytes which is induced by IgG autoantibod...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-017-8662-z
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma is a chronic immunological disease affecting all age groups, but often starting in childhood. Although it has long been ascribed to a single pathology, recent studies have highlighted its heterogeneity due to the potential involvement of various pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we present our current understanding ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-020-08784-8
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hereditary angioedema (HAE) patients experience recurrent local swelling in various parts of the body including painful swelling of the intestine and life-threatening laryngeal oedema. Most HAE literature is about attacks located in one anatomical site, though it is mentioned that HAE attacks may also involve multiple...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12016-014-8463-6
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and several antigens have been shown to activate the immune response and affect the development of atherogenesis. This suggests that modulation of the immune system could represent a useful approach to prevent and/or treat this disorder. A vaccination approach might be a use...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-009-8145-y
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that results in abnormal viscous mucoid secretions in multiple organs and whose main clinical features are pancreatic insufficiency and chronic endobronchial infection. Although it was i...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-008-8078-x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The last 5 years have seen the emergence and establishment of antibodies to citrullinated antigens as the diagnostic marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Initially, these were detected using a synthetic peptide, which has undergone a number of modifications to give a diagnostic test with a sensitivity of 65...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12016-007-8016-3
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis are inflammatory joint disorders with an autoimmune pathogenesis and systemic involvement. The skin is one of the most frequently affected extraarticular sites with a number of manifestations or distinct diseases, including common conditions, such as rheumatoid nodules and ps...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-017-8629-0
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pruritus, fatigue, and metabolic bone disease are frequent complications of cholestatic liver diseases, which can be quite distressing for the patient and can considerably reduce the quality of life. The molecular pathogenesis of these extrahepatic manifestations of cholestasis is poorly understood, and hypotheses to ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:28:2:147
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoidosis has innumerable clinical manifestations, as the disease may affect every body organ. Furthermore, the severity of sarcoidosis involvement may range from an asymptomatic state to a life-threatening condition. This manuscript reviews a wide variety of common and less common clinical characteristics of sarcoi...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-014-8450-y
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between autoimmunity and reproduction has long been recognized. This relationship is bidirectional and includes many diverse issues, but in this review article, we focus on which autoimmune disturbances are the basic cause of recurrent pregnancy losses in patients with autoimmune diseases. The antipho...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-009-8179-1
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term "mold" is utilized to define the ubiquitous fungal species commonly found in household dust and observed as visible multicellular filaments. Several well-defined human diseases are known to be caused or exacerbated by mold or by exposure to their byproducts. Among these, a solid connection has been establishe...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-009-8175-5
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
